Respiratory System Test Questions – Flashcards
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The three mucosa covered projections into the nasal cavity that greatly increase surface area of mucusa exposed to the air
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Conchae
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The anterior portion of the palate that is supported by bone
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hard palate
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the throat is known as the _____
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pharynx
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inflammation of the sinuses that can cause marked changes in voice quality
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sinusitus
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the large shield shaped thyroid cartilage that protrudes anteriorly is commonly called _____
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the adams apple
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the mucosa lined wind pipe that extends from the larynx to the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra
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trachea
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the opening between the vocal folds
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glottis
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the c-shaped rings that reinforce the trachea are constructed of _____cartilage
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hyaline
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the flap of elastic cartilage that protect the opening of the larynx
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epiglottis
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the central area between the two lungs that houses the heart, great blood vessels, bronchi, and esophogus
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mediastinum
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the smallest conducting passageway of the lungs
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bronchioles
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"dust cells" that wander in and out of the alveoli, picking up bacteria, carbon particles, and other debris, are actually
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macrophages
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the air sacs of the lungs
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alveoli
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gas exchange between the blood and tissue cells
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internal respiration
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the presence of air in the intrapleural space
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pneumothorax
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normal quiet breathing moves about ____ mL of air into and out of the lungs with each breath
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500
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Air that remains in the conducting zone passageways and never reaches the alveoli
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dead space volume
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respiratory capacities are measured with a
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spirometer
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an abnormal bubbling sound caused by diseased respiratory tissue, mucus, or pus
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crackle
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oxygen bound to hemoglobin molecules on RBCs
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oxyhemoglobin
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most carbon dioxide is dissolved in blood plasma and transported as ______
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bicarbonate ion
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inadequate oxygen delivery to body tissue is called
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hypoxia
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during internal respiration, the blood gas ______ is loaded into the bloodstream
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carbon dioxide
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A normal respiratory rate of about 12-15 breaths per minute
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eupnea
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the most important stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is the body's need to rid itself of this blood gas
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carbon dioxide
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enlargement of the alveoli and chronic inflammation of the lungs are characteristics of this respiratory disease
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emphysema
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chronically inflamed, hypersensitive bronchial passages that can be irritated by dust mite and cockroach droppings are indicative of _______
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asthma
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The respiratory conducting passageways perform these functions
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humidify air, purify air, warm incoming air, allow air to reach lungs
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the role of mucus in the nasal cavity
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trap incoming bacteria and other foreign debris
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the nasal cavity is separated from the oral cavity by_______
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both the soft and hard palate
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bones of the paranasal sinuses
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maxilla, frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid
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functions of the paranasal sinuses
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help moisten air, lighten the skull, act as resonance chambers for speech, produce mucus
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the superior portion of the pharynx where air from the nasal cavity enters
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nasopharyx
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______ tubes, which drain the middle ear, open into the nasopharynx
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pharyngotympanic
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tonsils that lie at the base of the tongue
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lingual tonsils
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following the removal of the larynx, a person would be unable to do this
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speak
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the opening b/w the vocal cords
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glottis
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the flap of elastic cartilage that protects food from entering the larynx when swallowing
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epiglottis
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vibration due to exhaled air that results in speech is a function of _______
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true vocal cords
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cillia of the trachea that beat continually propel contaminated mucus toward ______
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the throat to be swallowed or spat out
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the serous membrane covering the surface of the lungs
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visceral pleura
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lobes in the left lung
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2
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lobes in the right lung
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3
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the bases of the lungs rest on _______
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the diaphragm
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the narrow portion of each lung is called the _____
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apex
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when oxygen enters the respiratory system, what is the next structure to which it travels immediately upon leaving the trachea
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main (primary) bronchi
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Structures part of the respiratory zone
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alveolar sacs, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
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the walls of the alveoli are composed largely of this tissue
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simple squamous epithelium
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exchange of both oxygen and carbon dioxide through the respiratory membrane occurs by this process
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simple diffusion
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the lipid molecule critical to lung function that coats the gas-exposed alveolar surfaces
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surfactant
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air moving in and out of the lungs
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pulmonary ventilation
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During inspiration, contraction of the diaphragm helps (increase/decrease) the size of the thoracic cavity
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increase
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during inspiration, air continues to move into the lungs until ______pressure equals ______ pressure
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intrapulmonary, atmospheric
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during inspiration, the (increased/decreased) pressure produces a partial vacuum that forcibly suck air in.
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decreased
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during inspiration, (decreased/increased) intrapulmonary volume causes inhaled gases to spread out
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increased
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the gas exchange that occurs b/w blood an tissue cells at systematic capillaries
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internal respiration
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in order in inspire the intrapulmonary volume must (increase/decrease)
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increase
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an emotionally induced response during which air movement is similar to crying
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laughing
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a very deep inspiration that ventilates all alveoli
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yawning
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the respiratory movement representing the total amount of exchangeable air
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vital capacity
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the amount of art that can be forcibly exhaled after a tidal expiration
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1200 mL
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the amount of air exchanged during normal breathing
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500 mL
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most carbon dioxide is transported within blood plasma as this ion
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bicarbonate
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oxygen binds with hemoglobin in the blood to form
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oxyhemoglobin
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the bluish cast that results from inadequate oxygenation of the skin and mucosa
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cyanosis
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factors influencing respiratory rate and depth
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emotional factors, levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide, physical exercise, volition
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cessation of breathing
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apnea
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hypoventilation dramatically increases carbonic acid concentration and involves______
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extremely slow breathing
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hyperventilation leads to the following
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fainting, cyanosis, brief periods of apnea, dizziness
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the most important chemical stimuli leading to increased rate and depth of breathing
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increased carbon dioxide in the blood
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Features of COPD
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dyspnea becomes progressively more severe, most copd victims are hypoxic, frequent pulmonary infections are common, most patients have a history of smoking
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emphysema results in the following:
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lung fibrosis, expanded barrel chest, decreased lung elasticity, enlarged alveoli
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the molecule that prevents lung collapse by lowering the surface tension of the water film lining each alveolar sac
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surfactant
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surfactant is usually present in fetal lungs in adequate quantities by _____ weeks of pregnancy
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28-30
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IRDS
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infant respiratory distress syndrome
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cystic fibrosis causes _______of thick mucus that clogs the respiratory passages
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oversecretion
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cystic fibrosis is (usually/rarely) fatal
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usually
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cystic fibrosis ____ glands to produce an extremely salty perspiration
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sweat
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cystic fibrosis is the (most/least) common lethal genetic disease in the US
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most
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cystic fibrosis ______ food digestion
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impairs
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respiratory rate in adults
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12-18 respirations per minute
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the homeostatic imbalance associated with the death of many full term new born infants
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SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)
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obstruction of the trachea by a piece of food can lead to ______
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aspiration pneumonia
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Currently the most damaging and disabling respiratory diseases in the US
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COPD and lung cancer
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lung cancer incidences are currently (increasing/decreasing)
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increasing
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most types of lung cancer are very ______
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agressive
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lung cancer accounts for _____ of all cancers deaths in the US
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1/3
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lung cancers of ______ rapidly and widely
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metastasize
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complications with acid-base disturbances
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cardiac arrhythmias, changes in excitability of neurons, vasodilation, conformational change in protein structure
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chemoreceptors respond to levels of:
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CO2, O2, and pH
