Religious Wars, 30 Years War, & Counter Reformation – Flashcards
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what were the 3 main causes of the religious wars in europe?
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1.protestant reformation 2.catholic reformation 3.belief that religion and politics go together
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true or false? Germany was part of the HRE but not an actual developed country
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true
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what years did Germany participate in religious wars in europe?
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1521-1555
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HRE
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300 individual states
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what religion did the HRE outlaw ?
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Lutheranism but he couldn't enforce this law
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why was it hard for Charles V to outlaw Lutheranism? (3 reason)
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1.had little control of HRE 2.due to the size of his empire, he was busy fighting many enemies (ottoman turks and france) 3. money problems bc of warfare
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who tried to keep their power and be independent when lutheranism was outlawed by charles v
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german princes
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who was the HRE in 1521?
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Charles V
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who were the german religious wars against
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Lutheran (protestants) vs Catholic
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what 2 causes started war to break out in 1546?
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1. german princes in n.germany converted to lutheranism=no more papal authority 2. Hapsburgs support catholics
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who were the hapsburgs?
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a HRE royal family who controlled 1/2 of europe and were, as a result, feared bc they had so much land and power
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what was the peace of augsburg?
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a compromise giving each German prince the right to choose his realm's religion between catholic or lutheran=outlawd calvinism, etc.
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did the peace of augsburg make conditions in germany worse or better?
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worse
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how did the peace of augsburg make conditions worse in germany? (3 effects)
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1. calvinism (outlawed by the peace of augsburg) was spreading across germany and raised religious tension because german princes wanted calvinism, not catholic or lutheran 2.HRE charles v gave up throne to son, phillip ll of spain and brother, Ferdinand ll of Austria 3. protestant refugees fled to netherlands, france, and england=spread of Protestantism to some lands that did not accept it
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what years did france participate in religious wars in europe?
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1562-1598 (after germany had done their fighting)
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who were the french religious wars against
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catholic majority of france vs french protestant (Huguenots) minority
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why was catholicism more common than french protestantism?
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catholicism appealed to more people=more people converted to it
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what was St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre?
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August 24th, 1572 when paris catholics attacked and killed hugeunots in paris for the wedding og henry duke of navarre; 3000 men, women, and children were killed in paris, 1000s in france bc of their religion, protestantism
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what leads to the assassination of Henry lll?
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st bartholomew's day massacre
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who takes the throne after henry lll is killed?
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Henry Duke of Navarre
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why is Henry duke of navarre becoming king of france a problem?
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Henry DoN is a hugenot king in control of a mainly catholic kingdom
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what does henry DoN (llll) do so he can keep his throne?
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converts to catholicism
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what did henry DoN (llll) issue to gurantee huguenots religious freedom? why?
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edict of nates because although he converted to catholicism from french protestant, he wanted to keep the minority happy by giving them (hugeunots) religious freedom
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who was not pleased with the issue of the edict of nates?
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catholic majority in france
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what occurs after the edict of nates in issued?
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france finally accepts henry's edict of nates policy and accepts the absolute monarchy in france as the dominant power in europe bc they are tired of religious wars
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who revoked the edict of nates after henry?why?the effect?
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Louis XIV bc he wants france to be ALL catholic= even more religious tension
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what was another name for Louis XIV?
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the sun king
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religious war between protestant and catholic from 1619-1648
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thirty years war
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______ protestants, D______, D______, E______, S______, Catholic ______, and Catholic ______? which side of the 30yw were these countries on?
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german; denmark; dutch; england; sweden; veince; france; protestants
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______ catholics, S_____, A_____, Spanish ______, N______, M______, ______ states, and P______; why did catholic venice side with the protestants?
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german; spain; austria; netherlands; naples; milan; papal; poland; because of problems with austria over pirates in adriatic sea
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why did catholic france side with the protestants?
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they dont like the hapsburgs who are on the catholic side
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which side of the 30yw were these countries on?
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catholics
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what area did the thirty years war cover?
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european wide
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what were the 2 causes of the 30YW?`
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1. religious wars in europe 2. fear of spanish & austrian hapsburgs
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why were the hapsburgs a threat?
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they ruled 1/2 of europe=lots of land=lots of power
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What were the four main conditions of europe at the time?
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1. increased military spending in all countries 2. less money coming in because europe was importing less silver 3. famine bc there was not enough food 4. more disease
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what causes tensions to rise and the 30yw to break out?
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war breaks out with the defenestration of prague
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what was the defenestration of prague?
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protestants in bohemia rebel against the catholic austrian hapsburgs
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1st main event of 30yw? who v who? whos winning?
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war in germany; catholic vs lutherans; catholics
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2nd main event of 30yw? whos winning?
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sweden enters war on protestant (lutherans) side; protestants (lutherans)
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3rd main event of 30yw? whos winning?
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king of sweden dies; catholics
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4th main event of 30yw? whos winning?
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france joins war on protestant side; protestants
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5th main event of 30yw? whos winning?
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casrdinal Richelien of france hopes to decrease power of hapsburgs; protestants(lutherans)
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6th main event of 30yw? who v who? whos winning?
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religious war becomes political as countries try to diminish hapsburgs; both sides are very worn out
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-1648 -reaffirmed ____ __ ____ and added ____ as a choice -recognized ___ & _____ as independent countries -when these two countries became independent the HRE had ___ power bc land was _____ ____ -____ becomes very powerful -religion was a _____ force in european politics
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peace of augsburg; calvinism; switzerland; netherlands; less; taken away; france; smaller; Treaty of Westphalia
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what were the 3 impacts of the 30yw?
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1. germany was devastated bc it was a battleground for entire war) 2. 1000s died in europe 3. 40% of german population was wiped out
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who was hit the hardest as an effect of the 30yw?
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germany
