Regents Chemistry Review – Quarter 1 – Flashcards
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| covalent bond |
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| type of chemical bonding that occurs when electrons are shared between atoms |
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| lewis dot structure |
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| symbol showing the chemical symbol and valence electrons |
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| Rule of Eight (octet rule) |
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| atoms gain, lose, or share electrons to get 8 valence electrons (a stable octet) |
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| hydrocarbon |
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| organic compound containing just carbon and hydrogen |
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| isomers |
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| compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulas and different properties |
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| alkane |
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| organic hydrocarbon having only single bonds |
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| intermolecular force |
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| force of attraction between molecules that results from varying degrees of positive and negative charge on the ends of the molecule |
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| chemical potential energy |
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| a form of potential energy that results from the positive-to-negative attractions within chemical bonds |
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| endothermic reaction |
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| reaction that absorbs energy |
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| exothermic reaction |
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| reaction that releases energy |
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| heat of reaction |
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| amount of energy released or absorbed by a chemical reaction |
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| activation energy |
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| amount of energy required to break the bonds to "kick off" a reaction |
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| Law of Conservation of Energy |
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| Energy can not be created nor destroyed during an ordinary chemical or physical change |
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| alkene |
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| organic hydrocarbon having a double bond |
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| alkyne |
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| organic hydrocarbon having a triple bond |
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| saturated hydrocarbon |
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| hydrocarbon having only single bonds; alkanes |
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| unsaturated hydrocarbons |
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| hydrocarbons having at least one double or triple bond; alkenes & alkynes |
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| Number of significant figures in the measurement 1,230 mm |
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| 3 |
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| metals |
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| class of elements that are shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile, and react with acid to form hydrogen gas |
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| metalloids |
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| class of elements that have some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals |
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| Br and Hg |
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| The only two elements that are liquids at room temperature |
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| plum pudding model |
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| early model of the atom that defined the atom as a positive mass with negative particles scattered throughout; proposed by Thomson |
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| atomic number |
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| the number shown on the periodic table that represents the number of electrons in the atom |
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| gold foil experiment |
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| experiment in which positive alpha particles were directed at a sheet of gold foil - found that most of the atoms went straight through which led to the conclusion that the atom is mostly empty space |
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| neutron |
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| particle with no charge found in the nucleus of the atom |
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| bright-line spectrum |
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| pattern of light produced when excited electrons fall from higher to lower energy levels, releasing light |
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| orbital |
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| three-dimensional region within the atom in which there is a high probability of finding an electron |
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| What is the energy-level electron configuration of sulfur? |
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| 2-8-6 |
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| metallic bonding |
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| type of bonding in which the valence electrons are mobile in a sea of electrons surrounding positive ions |
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| term for the modern model of the atom |
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| wave-mechanical model charge-cloud model quantum-mechanical model |
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| 12.0 cm x 10 cm round the answer to the correct number of significant figures |
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| 100 cm2 |
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| valence electrons |
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| electrons in the outermost energy level of the atom |
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| compound |
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| Two or more elements chemically-combined in a fixed ratio; substance has different properties than the elements that make it up |
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| mixture |
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| two or more substances physically combined in a variable ratio |
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| pure substance |
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| sample that has a constant, uniform composition throughout; elements and compounds, but not mixtures |
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| synthesis reaction |
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| a chemical reaction with the format A + B -> AB |
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| activity series |
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| list of elements arranged in order by their reactivity |
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| single replacement reaction |
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| type of reaction with the format A + BC -> AC + B |
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| Law of Conservation of Mass |
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| law that states that matter (mass) can not be created nor destroyed during an ordinary chemical or physical change |
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| combustion reaction |
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| a type of reaction with the format hydrocarbon + oxygen gas -> carbon dioxide + water + energy |
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Type of organic compound with the format
R - Cl
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| halide |
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O || 'R' - C - OH
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organic acid
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O || 'R' - C - 'R' |
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ketone
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molar mass of NaOH |
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40 grams (per 1 mole)
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Given the balanced equation 2 H2 + O2 -> 2 H2O
How many moles of water will be produced if 4 moles of H2 reacts completely
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| 4 moles of water |
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How many grams of iron would be needed to have 0.5 moles?
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27.9 grams of iron |
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What is the mass in grams of 1.25 moles of H2O?
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22.5 grams |
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Calculate the number of moles in 20.04 grams of calcium |
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0.5 moles |
