RADT KG- alpha/beta/gamma/xrays
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emitted from the nuclei of heavy elements (outside the nucleus in the electron cloud)
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alpha particle
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consists of two protons and 2 neutrons- mass of 4 AMU (heavy)
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alpha particle
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2 units of +electric charge
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alpha particle
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travels at a high velocity
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alpha particle
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average kinetic energy is 4-7 Mev
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alpha particle
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ionizes approximately 40,000 atoms for every cm of travel through air
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alpha particle
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highly ionizing
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alpha particle
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has a short range in matter
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alpha particle
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not very penetrating (only a few mm in tissue)
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alpha particle
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does not require shielding
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alpha particle
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harmless as an external source
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alpha particle
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requires only a sheet of paper to shield
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alpha particle
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harmful as an internal source
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alpha particle
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caused bone cancer in watch- dial painters
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alpha particle
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caused lung cancer in coal miners
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alpha particle
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MeV stands for
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mega electron volts
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type of radiation of the alpha
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particle
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type of radiation of the beta
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particle
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type of radiation of the gamma
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electromagnetic wave
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type of radiation of the neutron
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particle
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mass of alpha
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4 AMU
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mass of beta
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1/1836 AMU
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mass of gamma
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0 AMU
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mass of neutron
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1 AMU
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charge of alpha
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+2
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charge of beta
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+or- 1
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encountered in nuclear medicine applications
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beta particle
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it is a high speed electron, but origin is different
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beta particle
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emitted from the nucleus of radioactive atoms (radioisotopes)
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beta particle
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consists of a negative charge
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beta particle
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atomic mass of 0 (very light)
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beta particle
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carries one unit of - or + charges
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beta particle
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ionizes 100-400 atoms/cm of air
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beta particle
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low ionization rate
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beta particle
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average energy is 0-7 Mev
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beta particle
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lower range energy
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beta particle
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has a longer penetrating range than alpha
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beta particle
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penetrating 1-2 cm into tissue
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beta particle
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transverses 10-100 cm of air
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beta particle
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more penetrating than alpha but less penetrating in skin than gamma or xrays
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beta particle
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requires a few sheets of aluminum to shield
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beta particle
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xray and gamma rays are both very similar except for
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origin
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Xray and gamma photons are similar because they have ____ mass and ____ charge
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no, no
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xray and gamma photons travel at the same ______ which is the _____________
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velocity, speed of light
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xray and gamma photons dont require a ______ because they travel in a vacuum
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medium
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ionization rate of gamma and xrays is approximately ____ in air and ______ in soft tissue
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100 mm, 0-30
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xray and gamma rays penetrate ____ cm of tissue
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many
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gamma and xrays have an ________ range in matter
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unlimited
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gamma and xrays: as matter transverses, intensity ______
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increases
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invisible
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xrays
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have extremely penetrating electromagnetic waves
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xrays
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produce scattered and secondary radiation
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xrays
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cause fluorescence of certain crystals (emission of light)
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xrays
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cause biological and chemical changes in matter (ionization)
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xrays
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ionizes matter and air
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xrays
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heterogeneous- having many different wavelengths (polyenergetic)
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xrays
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has an effect on photographic film
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xrays
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travel in straight lines and at the speed of light in a vacuum
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xrays
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cannot be focused by a lens
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xrays
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electrically neutral
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xrays
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diverge from the source and are emitted isotropically (in all directions)
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xrays
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intensity varies with distance from source (inverse square law)
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xrays
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behaves as a wave and a particle
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xrays
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kVp changes the
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energy
