Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Radiation Therapy – Flashcards
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Abduction
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Moving the part of the body AWAY from the midline of the body or away from the body (eg - someone is abducted)
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Adduction
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Moving the part of the body TOWARD the midline of the body or toward the body
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Eversion
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Turning outward
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Inversion
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Turning inward
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X-Rays
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-Contrast studies, CT scans, Fluoroscopy, Xeroradiography, Tomography
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X-Ray Views
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-AP view (anteroposterior), -PA view (posteroanterior), -Lateral view, -Oblique view
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Extension
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Lengthening or straightening a flexed limb
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Flexion
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Bending a part of the body
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Lateral decubitus (cross table lateral)
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Lying down on the side with the x-ray beam horizontally positioned.
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Prone
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Lying on the belly (face down)
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Supine
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Lying on the back (face up)
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Recumbent
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Lying down (may be prone or supine)
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Betatron
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Machine used in radiotherapy to deliver a dose of radiation to a patient
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Brachytherapy
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Radiation therapy using an implanted radioisotope radiation source (brachy means short)
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Cineradiography
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Use of motion picture techniques to record a series of x-ray images
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Cobalt-60
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A radioactive substance used in radiotherapy
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Computed tomography (CT)
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Diagnostic x-ray procedure whereby a cross-section image of a specific body segment is produced.
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Contrast studies
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Materials (contrast media) are injected to obtain contrast with surrounding tissue when shown on the x-ray film
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Fluorescence
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The emission of glowing light that results from exposure to and absorption of radiation from x-rays
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Fluoroscopy
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The process of using x-rays to produce a fluorescent image on a screen
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Gamma camera
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Machine used to detect the presence of radiopharmaceuticals in the body in diagnostic imaging: scintillation camera
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Gamma rays
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High energy rays emitted by radioactive substances; scintillation camera.
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Half-life
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Time required for a radioactive substance to lose half its radioactivity by disintegration
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Interstitial therapy
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Radioisotopes are surgically inserted into a tumor (-stitial means to set)
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Interventional radiology
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Therapeutic procedures that are performed by a radiologist
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Intracavitary therapy
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Radioisotopes are placed with a body cavity adjacent to a tumor
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In vitro
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A process, test, or procedure in which something is measured or observed "OUTSIDE" a living organism
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In vivo
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A process, test, or procedure in which something is measured or observed "IN" a living organism.
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Ionization
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Separation of stable substances into charged particles called "ions"
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Irradiation
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Administering radiation treatment to a patient (ir- stands for in-, meaning into)
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Lethal
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Pertaining to that which is deadly or fatal
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Linear accelerator
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Machine that delivers radiation therapy
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
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A magnetic field and radio waves are used to form images of the body; also called nuclear magnetic resonance.
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Megavoltage
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High-energy radiation generated by a machine and used in curative x-ray therapy for cancer
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Nuclear medicine
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Medical specialty that studies the uses of radioactive substances in diagnosis and treatment of disease.
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Orthovoltage
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Low-energy radiation used in palliative radiation therapy and superficial skin cancers
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Palliative
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Relieving symptoms, but not curing
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Perfusion studies
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Radiopharmaceutical is injected intravenously and traced within the capillaries of an organ such as the lung
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Positron emissions tomography (PET)
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Radioactive substances are given intravenously and then emit positrons, which create a cross-sectional image of the metabolism of the body, representing local concentration of the radioactive substance.
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Rad
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Radiation absorbed dose; a unit of absorbed radiation in the body
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Radiation therapy
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Treatment of disease using high energy radiation. Also called radiotherapy or radiation oncology
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Radioimmunoassay
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Test that combines the use of radioactive chemicals and antibodies to detect minute quantities of substances in a patient's blood
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Radioisotope
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A radioactive form of a substance; radionuclide
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Radiology
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Medical specialty concerned with the study of x-rays and their use in diagnosis of disease; includes other forms of energy, such as ultrasound and magnetic waves
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Radiolucent
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Permitting the passage of most x-rays. Radiolucent structures appear black on x-ray film
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Radionuclide
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Radioisotope
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Radiopaque
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Obstructing the passage of x-rays. Radiopaque structures appear white on the x-ray film
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Radiopharmaceutical
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A radioactive drug (radionuclide plus chemical) that is administered safely for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes
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Roentgenology
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Study of x-rays; radiology
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Scan
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A general term for images of organs, parts, or transverse sections of the body produced in various ways. Most frequently used to describe images obtained from ultrasound, tracer studies, or computed tomography
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Scintillation camera
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Gamma camera (scintilla/o means spark)
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Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
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A radioactive tracer substance is injected intravenously and a computer is used to create a 3D image
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Tagging
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Attaching a radionuclide to a chemical and following its course in the body
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Teletherapy
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Radiation therapy using an external radiation source (tele-means distant)
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Tomography
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Diagnostic radiographic technique in which a series of pictures are taken at different depths of an organ
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Tracer studies
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Radionuclides are used as tags, or labels, attached to chemicals and followed as they migrate through the body
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Ultrasound
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Diagnostic technique that projects and retrieves high-frequency sound waves as they echo off of parts of the body
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Uptake
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The rate of absorption of a radionuclide into an organ or tissue
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Ventilation stides
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Radiopharmaceutical is inhaled, and its passage through he respiratory tract is imaged
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Xeroradiography
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A technique in which an x-ray image is made on a charged plate and then subsequently reproduced by a dry (xero means dry) process on specially treated paper.
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Fluor/o
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Luminous, fluorescence (eg - fluoroscopy)
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Is/o
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Same (eg radioisotope)
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Leth/o
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Death (eg lethal)
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Mucos/o
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Mucous membrane, mucosa (eg - mucositis)
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Pharmaceut/o
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Drug (eg - radiopharmaceutical)
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Radi/o
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x-rays (eg - radioresistant)
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Roentgen/o
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x-ray (eg - Roentgenology)
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Scintilla/o
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Spark (eg scintillation camera)
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Son/o
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Sound (eg sonogram)
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Therapeut/o
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Treatment (eg therapeutic)
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Tom/o
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To cut (eg tomography)
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Vitr/o
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Glass (eg in vitro)
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Viv/o
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Life (eg in vivo)
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Xer/o
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Dry (eg xeroradiography)
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-gram
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Record (eg - angiogram)
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-graphy
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Process of recording (eg tomography)
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-lucent
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To shine (eg radiolucent)
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-opaque
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Obscure (eg radiopaque)
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-suppression
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To stop (eg myelosuppression)
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-therapy
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Treatment (eg radiotherapy)
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brachy-
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Short, short distance (eg brachytherapy)
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cine-
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Movement (eg cineradiography)
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echo
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A repeat of sound (eg echocardiography
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inter-
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Between (eg interstitial therapy)
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intra-
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Within (eg Intracavitary)
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tele-
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Distant (eg teletherapy)
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ultra-
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Beyond (eg ultrasonography)
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Angio
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Angiography
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AP
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Anteroposterior
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Ba
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Barium
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CAT
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Computerized axial tomography
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C-spine
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Cervical spine films
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CT
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Computerized tomography
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CXR
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Chest x-ray
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Decub
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Decubitus (lying down)
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DI
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Diagnostic Imaging
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DSA
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Digital subtraction angiography
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67Ga
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Radioactive gallium (used in whole-body and brain scans)
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Fx
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Fracture
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IVP
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Intravenous pyelogram
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KUB
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Kidneys, ureters, bladder (x-ray without contrast medium)
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LAT
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Lateral
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LS Films
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Lumbosacral Spine Films
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mCi
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Millicurie (measure of radiation)
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uCi
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Microcurie (measure of radiation)
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MRI
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Magnetic resonance imaging
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NMR
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Nuclear magnetic resonance
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PA
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Posteroanterior
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PET
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Positron-emissions tomography
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Rad
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Radiation absorbed dose
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SBFT
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Small bowel follow through
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SPECT
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Single-photo emission computed tomography; radioactive substance and a computer and used to create three dimensional images
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UGI
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Upper gastrointestinal series
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u/s
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Ultrasound
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V/Q
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Ventilation-perfusion scan of the lungs.
