Quiz 2: History of Architecture
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The Feudal System achieved political and social stability through _______ and __________.
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mutual service and protection
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The Great Carolingian leader was __________.
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Charlemagne
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The Palatine Chapel at Aachen was modeled on ______ in Ravenna
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St. Vitale
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Define at least three distinctive architectural features of the Palatine Chapel
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1. The Palatine Chapel had 16 sides aisle with gallery overhead 2. Octogonal cloister vaulted in the dome 3. Entrance was dominated by a westwerk, the western facade with and entry vestibule 4. Polychrome masonry
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Which saint did Charlemagne require monastic monks to follow?
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Benedict
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How did the requirement to follow these rules help to reinforce Charlemagne's control over his empire? Two numbered examples.
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There were a strict set of rules in order to be allowed in the monastic community, therefore reinforcing these rules showed the significant amount of control over the empire When there was any behavior that didn't follow the Benedict Rule he would hold a conference to remediate the behavior
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What are three characteristics unique to Romanesque architecture?
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1. Semicircular arches 2. Massive and heavy in size 3. Ceilings made of all stone 4. Mass continuous walls
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Identify at least three distinctive features of Speyer Cathedral:
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1. Wide long nave, framed by semicircular arches 2. Traverse arch 3. Flat wooden ceiling
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What was the purpose of the pilgrimage?
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The purpose of pilgrimage was to atone for sins, seek a cute or assure salvation
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What is a Relic?
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Object that has sentimental value from an earlier tim
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What is a Reliquary?
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A reliquary is a container for holy relics
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What is a tympanum?
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Tympanum is the semi-circular wall surface that is over an entrance
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How does the shape of the tympanum reflect back on Roman Architecture?
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Arches were a large part of roman architecture, these tympanums capture the relief carvings that were also common.
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The sculpted "Mystic Mill" capital at Vézeley represents this subject ______
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grain harvesting which for medieval pilgrims is theological allegory.
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Sculpture in the west-front tympanum at St. Lazare in Autun depicts the ________
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Last judgement.
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Stereotomy is the art of _____
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Stonecutting
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Who are Gothic Cathedrals most often dedicated to?
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Virgin Mary
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What was the original name of the architectural style we now call "Gothic?
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New Style
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Name three characteristics of the Gothic style:
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1. Pointed arches 2. Rib vaults 3. Flying buttresses
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What are three similarities between Romanesque and Gothic architecture?
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1. Long nave 2. Sexpartite rib vaults 3. lantern crossing towe 4. semicircular apse
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Name three contrasts between Romanesque and Gothic architecture.
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1. Protective porch hoods in gothic architecture 2. Pointed arch into the profile of diagonal ribs of sexpartile vaults 3. Western towers the square plan into octagons
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Gothic Cathedrals reinforced the authority of these two European Hierarchies.
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Church and the King
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The Saint-Chappelle in Paris was built for what purpose?
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Saint-Chappelle in Paris was built for Louis IX as a repositoryy for relics he acquired from Constantinople
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Provide three characteristics of the Decorated style
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1. vaultings with extra ribs called tierceron and lierne, 2. window tracery worked into trefoil cusped shapes 3. curvilinear lines
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What is the meant by the Cistercian plan?
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Long, orthogonal building that is unmistakably English
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Name at least three English Cathedrals that are based on cistercian plan
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Canterbury Cathedral Salisbury Cathedral Lincoln Cathedral
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What architectural characteristics might a medieval manor house include. Three examples and definitions.
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They may include a hall which was a major gathering area, with a fire or central hearth Buttery for storage of drinks and food that needed to be cooled A solar which were more private spaces reserved for the family Thatch roofs
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What is the origin of the term "Manor House" ?
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Home of the land
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What are typical features in the major rooms of Castle Buildings? Three examples.
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Large fireplaces Windows generally small with leaded glass panes Internal wood shutters Stone bench window seats
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What are three characteristics of a Gothic Mediveal house as seen in the Annunciaiton painting by Robert Campin?
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Large fireplace Wooden beach with back rail Windows pouring in light with shutters that hinge at the top
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What made wood paneling a suitable design option in northern European countries such as Germany?
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It was the only alternative to stone vaulting as a means of spanning open spaces. This allowed the space to almost completely furnished without the need for moveable furniture since all of the walls and built in features would be covered in paneling.
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What might interiors in the Perpendicular style include?
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Wainscoting Emphasis on vertical lines
