Question 1

*Which sociological perspective would most likely be concerned with the association between the use of surveillance techniques as a means of social control and power of an authoritarian government?*  A. functionalist  B. conflict  C. interactionist  D. feminist

Accepted Answer

B   (*Conflict* theorists are concerned with *power*)

Question 2

*Which sociological perspective would most likely be concerned with the stigmatizing nature of formal social controls that require convicted sex-offenders to register with police agencies and have their pictures published in newspapers to make their identities publicly known?*  A. functionalist  B. conflict  C. interactionist  D. feminist

Accepted Answer

A   (*Functionalists* are concerned with criminals having to make their identities publicly known)

Question 3

*\"Deviance defines the limits of proper behavior.\" This statement represents the view of which sociological perspective?*  A. functionalist  B. conflict  C. interactionist  D. feminist

Accepted Answer

A   (*Functionalists* deal with *proper behavior*)

Question 4

*In his anomie theory of deviance, Merton*  A. described five types of deviance  B. created a typology to explain the adaptations people make  C. noted that people will allows follow one of the five modes of adaptation and maintain that mode for an extended period of time  D. suggested that conformists tend to ignore societal goals

Accepted Answer

B   (*Merton* created a *typology* to explain the *adaptations* people make)

Question 5

*According to Merton, an innovator is an individual who has*  A. abandoned the goal of material success and become compulsively committed to the institutional means  B. withdrawn from the goals and means of society  C. accepted the goals of society, but pursues them with means regarded as improper  D. none of these

Accepted Answer

C   (Innovator: *accepted* the goals of society, but pursues them with *improper* means)

Question 6

*In Merton\'s terms, people who overzealously and cruelly enforce bureaucratic regulations can be classified as *  A. ritualists  B. rebels  C. innovators  D. retreatists

Accepted Answer

A   (*Ritualists* cruelly enforce *regulations*)

Question 7

*Which theory attributes increases in crime and deviance to the absence or breakdown of communal relationships and social institutions?*  A. cultural transmission theory  B. labeling theory  C. social disorganization theory  D. conflict theory

Accepted Answer

C   (*Social disorganization theory* attributes *crime* to the *breakdown* of *institutions*)

Question 8

*Which of the following is a criticism of social disorganization theory?*  A. too much focus on larger forces  B. seems to \"blame the victim\"  C. critics feel there are no viable organizations  D. critics feel troubled areas are hopeless

Accepted Answer

B   (Criticism of *social disorganization theory* is that is *\"blames the victim\"*)

Question 9

*Which sociological perspective would be particularly concerned about studies that show that White criminal offenders receive shorter sentences than comparable Latino offenders?*  A. functionalist  B. conflict  C. interactionist  D. feminist

Accepted Answer

B   (*Conflicts* are concerned with race)

Question 10

*Dave, the president of a small corporation, has a wild weekend. He spends a night with a prostitute, gambles illegally, drinks excessively, and uses drugs. Some would argue he has committed various*  A. organized crimes  B. victimless crimes  C. white-collar crimes  D. corporate crimes

Accepted Answer

B   (*Victimless crimes* are crimes where *all parties consent*)

Question 11

*Given that cultural diffusion could upset the stability of a society, which perspective is most likely to argue that most cultures resist new cultural components that do not fit comfortably into their social system?*  A. functionalist  B. conflict  C. interactionist  D. feminist

Accepted Answer

A   (*Functionalists* argue that cultures *resist* components that *do not fit in*)

Question 12

*Which sociological perspective suggests that language offers a powerful way for a cultural to maintain its identity?*  A. functionalist  B. conflict  C. interactionist  D. feminist

Accepted Answer

C   (*Interactionist* think *language* is powerful)

Question 13

*Argot is a specialized language used by members of a subculture. This enables people to communicate more easily, rapidly, and precisely with one another. Which sociological perspective is likely to emphasize the value of this \"language\"?*  A. functionalist  B. conflict  C. interactionist  D. feminist

Accepted Answer

A   (*Functionalists* value *language* for *efficiency*)

Question 14

*Which sociological perspective argues that subcultures often emerge because the dominant society has unsuccessfully attempted to suppress a practice regarded as improper, such as the use of illegal drugs?*  A. functionalist  B. conflict  C. interactionist  D. feminist

Accepted Answer

B   (*Conflicts* think *subcultures emerge* because of the *fault of the dominant* society)

Question 15

*According to Merton, a retreatist is an individual who has*  A. abandoned the goal of material success and become compulsively committed to the institutional means  B. withdrawn from the goals and means of society  C. accepted the goals of society, but pursues them with means regarded as improper  D. none of these

Accepted Answer

B   (Retreatist: *withdrawn* from the goals and means of society)

Question 16

*Norms are*  A. rules governing specific behavior  B. rules deemed highly necessary to the welfare of a society  C. rules commonly made by a government for the welfare of a society  D. all of these

Accepted Answer

D   (all of these)

Question 17

*Facing forward in an elevator would be considered*  A. a norm  B. a law  C. a more  D. a sanction

Accepted Answer

A   (*Norm*: facing forward in an elevator)

Question 18

*In American society, we often formalize norms into*  A. folkways  B. mores  C. laws  D. values

Accepted Answer

C   (Norms are formalized into *laws*)

Question 19

*A dominant ideology is a*  A. set of cultural beliefs that help to maintain powerful social, economic, and political interests  B. subculture that rejects societal norms and values  C. specialized language used by members of a subculture  D. none of these

Accepted Answer

A   (*Dominant ideology*: set of cultural beliefs that help to *maintain powerful social, economic*, and *political interests*)

Question 20

*Which sociological perspective would argue that the most powerful groups control wealth, property, and the means of producing beliefs about reality through religion, education, and the media?*  A. functionalist  B. conflict  C. interactionist  D. feminist

Accepted Answer

B   (*Conflicts* think *powerful groups* control everything)

Question 21

*An unemployed young adult wants a stereo, but he doesn\'t have the money needed to buy it. His desire for the stereo overwhelms him, so he steals one. This incident illustrates which theory of deviance?*  A. conflict theory  B. labeling theory  C. anomie theory of deviance  D. cultural transmission theory

Accepted Answer

C   (*Anomie theory of deviance* is the difference between what *society accepts* and what you are *able to achieve* to reach goals)

Question 22

*The U.S. formerly demanding conformity to a single language reflects which sociological perspective?*  A. functionalist  B. conflict  C. interactionist  D. feminist

Accepted Answer

A   (*Functionalist*, because it\'s *macro* and provides *stability*)

Question 23

*The statement \"Attempts to create bilingualism in the U.S. represent subordinate language minorities seeking opportunities for self-expression\" reflects the view of which sociological perspective?*  A. functionalist  B. conflict  C. interactionist  D. feminist

Accepted Answer

B   (*Conflict*, because minorities are \"seeking *power*\")

Question 24

*Which of the following is not a function of the fast brain?*  A. all new information received is processed automatically  B. aids to protect ourselves and to ensure survival of the species  C. assesses logical consistency of any argument  D. visual information association with emotion is more easily available

Accepted Answer

C   (*Slow brain* assess *logical consistency* of any argument)

Question 25

*Which of the following is untrue concerning the slow brain?*  A. to assess new information, the slow brain must be engaged  B. slow brain is slower to make judgments  C. all new information received is processed automatically  D. allows us to focus attention

Accepted Answer

C   (*Fast brain*: all new information received is *processed automatically*)

Question 26

*Which of the following is not a characteristic of the fast brain?*  A. it is automatic, quick thinking, and cannot be \"turned off\"  B. allows us to process information without being influenced by our emotions  C. reacts on the bass of learned information, regardless of the accuracy  D. encodes learned information into memory that can easily be retrieved

Accepted Answer

B   (*Fast brain* is influenced by *our emotions*)

Question 27

*Which of the following not a characteristic of the slow brain?*  A. it is deliberative and slow to engage  B. allows us to monitor our emotions  C. allows us to focus on things like sports or books  D. allows us to talk on the phone while driving

Accepted Answer

D   (*Fast brain* allows us to talk on the phone while driving)

Question 28

*Which of the following is not characteristic of memories?*  A. we have to engage the slow brain to memorize things  B. we are more likely to remember salient memories  C. the fast brain will react to a memory in response to emotions associated with the memory and its availability  D. emotions do not influence our ability to recall memories

Accepted Answer

D   (Emotions *DO* affect our ability to recall *memories*)

Question 29

*Which of the following is not a characteristic of emotions?*  A. we are born with our emotional makeup  B. emotions are automatic  C. emotions can be \"turned off\"  D. the way we feel about something affects both the fast and slow brain

Accepted Answer

C   (Emotions CANNOT be turned off! *Emotions* are always on*)

Question 30

*According to the lecture, all are true of debunking, except:*  A. it requires slow brain thinking  B. it requires fast brain thinking  C. it refers to looking behind the facades of everyday life  D. the required tools are analysis and reflection

Accepted Answer

B   (*Debunking* requires use of the *slow brain*)

Question 31

*According to the lecture, sociologists employ ___ to examine relationships between observations that may seem completely unrelated?*  A. paradigms  B. frameworks  C. theories  D. perspectives  E. all of the above

Accepted Answer

E (all of the above)

Question 32

*According to the lecture, these 3 sociologists set the foundation for our current thinking and understanding of sociology:*  A. Weber, Merton, Martineau  B. Durkheim, Weber, Marx  C. Marx, Comte, Durkheim  D. Addams, Marceau, Chaplin

Accepted Answer

B  (*Sociology foundation* was set by *Durkheim, Weber, Marx*)

Question 33

*Arnold gets an A on his organic chemistry exam because he copies most of his answers from Stanley, the \"class brain\" who is sitting next to him. According to Merton\'s anomie theory of deviance, Arnold would be classified as a/n:*  A. ritualist   B. retreatist  C. rebel  D. innovator

Accepted Answer

D  (Innovators: *accept* cultural means, but *reject* institutional means)

Question 34

*The United Kingdom and Sweden require sex education rather than encourage it. Denmark and the Netherlands, who do not required sex ed., proudly have programs in approximately 90% of their schools. The US has sex. ed programs in 20 states and often advocates abstinence-only education. What do the UK, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, and the US have in common?*  A. They are all practicing ethnocentrism in their decision-making  B. They are all employing the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis  C. They are expressing their own cultural values in the choices they make  D. They are all experiencing culture shock

Accepted Answer

C  (These countries are expressing *cultural values*)

Question 35

*The location of first intercourse in varying countries is an example of how ___ influences important issues*  A. culture  B. parents  C. religion  D. rationality

Accepted Answer

A  (*Culture* influences important issues! For example, first age of intercourse because of *programs in the nation*)

Question 36

*An employee at a welfare office is so concerned with paperwork that he doesn\'t have time to administer to the needs of the poor, hungry, and homeless individuals who seek assistance. According to Merton\'s theory, this welfare worker would be a/n*  A. ritualist  B. rebel  C. innovator  D. retreatist

Accepted Answer

A  (Ritualists: *reject* cultural goals, *accept* institutional means)

Question 37

*Which usually causes the most stress: socialization or resocialization?*  A. socialization  B. resocialization  C. Neither activity is stressful  D. Both activities are equally stressful

Accepted Answer

B  (*Resocialization* is very stressful because you have to learn new things from what you already know)

Question 38

*Which of the following statements about social roles is correct?*  A. The roles that belong to a social status are always performed in the same manner  B. Social roles are always performed in the same manner by those holding ascribed, but not achieved, statuses  C. Actual performance of a role varies from individual to individual  D. Role expectations and actual role performances never vary

Accepted Answer

C  (*Roles* vary from person-person)

Question 39

*Which of the following statements reflects a functionalist view of education as a socializing agent?*  A. Schools can reinforce the divisive aspects of society, especially those of social class  B. Schools are frequently used by those in power to maintain their power and to continue the subjugation of those with lower status  C. Schools are responsible for teaching the values and norms of the larger society  D. A teacher\'s style may often influence classroom interaction

Accepted Answer

C  (*Education* as a *functionalist* perspective means that schools *teach society\'s norms*)

Question 40

*According to a report by the American Association of University Women, girls face some important challenges resulting from differential treatment based on sexism in U.S. schools. This analysis most likely reflects which sociological perspective?*  A. functionalist  B. conflict  C. interactionist  D. global

Accepted Answer

B  (*Gender inequalities* is related to *conflict theory*)

Question 41

*Which type of group is most important for socialization?*  A. primary groups  B. coalitions  C. out groups  D. all of these

Accepted Answer

A  (*Primary* groups are the most important for *socialization*)

Question 42

*Which term is used to refer to a formal, impersonal group in which there is little social intimacy or mutual understanding?*  A. primary group  B. secondary group  C. tertiary group  D. reference group

Accepted Answer

B  (*Secondary* groups have *little social intimacy*)

Question 43

*Which of the following sociologists provided a vision of social structure in society?*  A. Tonnies  B. Durkheim  C. Lenski  D. all of these

Accepted Answer

D  (*Tonnies, Durkheim* and *Lenski* all provided a *vision of social structure*)

Question 44

*A society that depends on mechanization to produce its goods and services is called a/n*  A. industrial society  B. postindustrial society  C. postmodern society  D. preindustrial society

Accepted Answer

A  (*Industrial* societies depend on *mechanization*)

Question 45

*Which sociological perspective/s would be most likely to emphasize that the mass media exacerbate many divisions in our society, including those based on gender, race, ethnicity, and social class?*  A. functionalist  B. conflict, feminist  C. interactionist  D. global

Accepted Answer

B  (*Conflict theory* emphasizes *differences*)

Question 46

*The process by which a relatively small number of people control what eventually reaches the audience is referred to as*  A. the dominant ideology  B. gatekeeping  C. the surveillance function  D. the narcotizing dysfunction

Accepted Answer

B  (*Gatekeeping* is when a *small number of people* decide what reaches audience)

Question 47

*A major network news agency that discourages reporting of issues concerning homosexuality is most likely practicing*  A. a dominant ideology  B. a narcotizing dysfunction  C. a surveillance function  D. gatekeeping

Accepted Answer

D  (*Gatekeeping* is when a *small number of people* decide what reaches audience)

Question 48

*Sociology is considered a science because sociologists*  A. teach at respected universities  B. engage in organized and systematic study of phenomena to enhance understanding  C. receive government funding for research projects  D. construct middle-range theories to explain social behavior

Accepted Answer

B  (Sociology is a *science* because there are *organized studies*)

Question 49

*Which sociological perspective/s would be most likely to focus on gatekeeping as a process that reflects a desire to maximize profits by those with power and authority?*  A. functionalist  B. conflict  C. interactionist  D. global

Accepted Answer

B  (*Conflict theory* says gatekeeping reflects the ideas of *those with power*)

Question 50

*Which sociological perspective/s would be most likely to support the idea that a dominant ideology is created through media images and is used to construct a reality based on protecting the interests of the powerful?*  A. functionalist  B. conflict  C. interactionist  D. global

Accepted Answer

B  (*Conflict theory* says dominant ideology supports the ideas of *those with power*)

Question 51

*Realistic portrayals of minorities and working-class persons tend to be ignored by mass media decision-makers primarily because*  A. viewers only enjoy fantasizing about being rich and powerful  B. most decisions are driven by Nielsen ratings  C. most decisions are made overwhelmingly by wealthy White males  D. minorities and working-class people feel ashamed of their social position

Accepted Answer

C  (*Realistic portrayals of minorities* are ignored by mass media decision makers because they are mainly *wealthy, White males*)

Question 52

*Which sociological perspective is most likely to be concerned with television distorting gender roles and stereotyping, which is often rooted in the media\'s willingness to promote more traditional views?*  A. functionalist  B. conflict  C. interactionist  D. feminist

Accepted Answer

D  (*Feminist theory* revolves around *gender roles*)

Question 53

*Which of the following statements concerning media portrayal of gender roles would the feminist perspective most likely endorse?*  A. Women are overrepresented in most television roles  B. Women are often portrayed as being in need of rescue by males  C. Men are often portrayed as compliant, working-class persons  D. Women are portrayed as overweight and dull in most television roles

Accepted Answer

B  (According to the *feminist theory*, women are portrayed as being *in need of rescue* on TV)

Question 54

*According to data collected in 2009 concerning the use of the Internet,*  a. women are more likely than men to join fantasy leagues  B. women are more likely to use the Internet daily  C. women are more likely to use email to maintain friendship networks  D. about half of women use the Internet daily

Accepted Answer

C  (According to a study in *2009*, *women* are more likely to *use email* to *stay in touch*)

Question 55

*Which sociological perspective is more likely to study the media\'s influence on society from the microlevel to determine how social behavior is shaped?*  A. functionalist  B. conflict  C. interactionist  D. feminist

Accepted Answer

C  (*Interactionist* is studied at the *micro*level)

Question 56

*Which sociological perspective would most likely be concerned with manipulation of \"photo ops\" to create an image of self-serving reality?*  A. functionalist  B. conflict  C. interactionist  D. feminist

Accepted Answer

C  (*Interactionists* would be concerned with photo ops to create a *self-serving image*

Question 57

*Which of the following could be a manifest function of colleges?*  A. They are a place to meet future husbands/wives  B. They sometimes fail to teach students how to read or write effectively  C. They help to maintain the economic status quo in the U.S.   D. They prepare students for post-college careers

Accepted Answer

D  (*Manifest* functions are *intended*; colleges prepare students for post-college careers)

Question 58

*The totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge, material objects, and behavior is known as*  A. culture  B. society  C. socialization  D. social structure

Accepted Answer

A  (*Culture* is the *totality* of *customs, knowledge,* and *behavior*)

Question 59

*Which of the following is an aspect of culture?*  A. using ASL  B. watching the Super Bowl  c. eating in fast-food restaurants  D. all of these

Accepted Answer

D  (All of these could be examples of *culture*)

Question 60

*A society*  A. is an independent group that owes allegiance to a large group  B. is the largest form of human group  C. contains several different cultures  D. contains one subculture and many cultures

Accepted Answer

B  (*Society* is the *largest* form of *human group*)

Question 61

*A society is*  A. the totality of learned, socially transmitted behavior  B. a fairly large number of people who live in the same territory, are relatively independent of people outside it, and participate in a common culture  C. the norms, values, and beliefs of a large group of people  D. all of these

Accepted Answer

B  (*Society* is a *group of people* who have a *common culture*)

Question 62

*The self is the*  A. distinct identity that sets us apart from others  B. child\'s awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole  C. child\'s awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of the people who are most important in his/her life  D. person\'s typical patterns of attitudes, characteristics, and behavior

Accepted Answer

A  (*Self* the *distinct identity* that sets us apart)

Question 63

*The looking-glass self is the*  A. sum total of a person\'s conscious perception of his/her identity as distinct from others  B. child\'s awareness of the attitudes, viewpoints, and expectations of society as a whole   C. phrase used by Charles Horton Cooley to emphasize that the self is the product of our social interactions with others  D. person\'s typical patterns of attitudes, needs, characteristics, and behavior

Accepted Answer

C  (*Looking-glass self* is *Cooley*\'s phrase to emphasize that *social interactions shape the self*)

Question 64

*Which of the following terms refers to the way in which a society is organized into predictable relationships?*  A. socialization  B. social structure  C. interaction  D. culture

Accepted Answer

B  (*Social structure* = society is organized into *predictable relationships*)

Questions: Exam 1

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