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Imperialism

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Building an empire by founding colonies or conquering other nations.

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Isolationism

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A policy of avoiding involvement in the affairs of other countries.

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William H. Seward

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U.S. Secretary of State who arranged for the purchase of Alaska.

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Liliuokalani

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Hawaiian queen who proposed a new constitution that gave power back to the Hawaiians in 1893.

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Spheres of Influence

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Areas where foreign nations control trade and natural resources.

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Open Door Policy

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Policy stating that all nations should have equal access to trade in China.

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Boxer Rebellion

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A group of Chinese nationalists that was angered by foreign involvement in China.

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Process

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A series of steps by which a task is accomplished.

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Yellow Journalism

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Technique that exaggerates and sensationalizes news stories.

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Teller Amendment

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War resolution amendment stating that the United States had no interest in taking control of Cuba.

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Emilio Aguinaldo

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Leader of Filipino rebels against Spain.

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Anti-Imperialist League

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Organization that accused the United States of building a colonial empire.

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Platt Amendment

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Amendment to Cuba's constitution that limited Cuba's rights and kept the United States involved in Cuban affairs.

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Panama Canal

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Canal built in Panama that shortened the Atlantic-to-Pacific voyage.

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Roosevelt Corollary

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President Theodore Roosevelt's warning that nations in the Western Hemisphere should pay their debts and "behave".

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Dollar Diplomacy

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President William Howard Taft's policy of influencing governments through economic intervention.

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Mexican Revolution

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Rebellion against Mexican president Porfirio Diaz.

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John J. Pershing

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United States general who pursued Pancho Villa through Mexico but never caught him.

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Francisco "Pancho" Villa

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Rebel leader during the Mexican Revolution.

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Role

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Assigned behavior.

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What happened to change the U.S. from following a policy of isolationism to imperialism?

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The purchase of Alaska, followed by the takeover Hawaii, the Midway Islands, and part of Samoa.

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Alaska was a valuable source of

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Fur, minerals, timber, and gold.

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The United States took part of Samoa. Who got the other part? ( This question is a textbook fact)

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Germany.

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Some Americans thought that it was foolish to buy Alaska. They thought it was a frozen wasteland. What did these people call William H. Seward's deal to buy Alaska for 2 cents and acre? (textbook fact)

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Seward's Folly.

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How much did it cost to buy Alaska?

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7.2 million dollars

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Why would the U. S. favor isolationism?

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To avoid getting involved with the affairs of other countries.

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Trade

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Buying and selling with other countries.

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Who did the United States seek trade with?

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Japan and China

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When did Hawaii become a United States territory?

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1898

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When did Hawaii become a state?

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1959

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Export

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To send (goods or services) to another country for sale.

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This was a leading export in Hawaii

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Sugar.

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duty

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A tax on imported items.

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Import

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To bring (goods or services) into a country from abroad for sale.

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What happened in 1875 that helped the Hawaiian sugar industry grow?

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A treaty allowed sugar to be shipped (imported) to the United States duty free (meaning tax free). This caused some Americans to become very rich sugar planters.

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The rich and powerful American sugar planters used their power in 1887 to force King Kalakaua to sign a new constitution at gunpoint that granted more power to the planter-controlled legislature. What was this constitution called?

answer

The Bayonet Constitution. It is called this because the King had a bayonet gun pointed at him forcing him to sign it.

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Who became queen in Hawaii when King Kalakaua died?

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His sister, Queen Liliuokalani

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Queen Liliuokalani was proud of the Hawaiian traditions and proposed a new constitution to return power to the Hawaiian monarchy. What happened as a result of her actions?

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The rich and powerful American sugar planters revolted, and the Unites States sent in Marines to take control of Hawaii. This is imperialism.

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Who was sent to open trade relations between Japan and the United States?

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Commodore Mathew Perry.

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When did the U.S. sign a trade agreement with Japan?

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1858

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How did Japan become a major world power?

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Japan began to industrialize itself and became more modern. They then attacked China in 1894 to become a major world power.

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After Japan attacked China, other countries began to take advantage of China's weakness by seizing (taking) spheres of influence (areas where foreign nations controlled resources). What countries did this?

answer

Germany, Great Britain, France, Japan, and Russia all took control of areas within China.

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After the other countries began taking spheres of influence in China, what did the U.S. do to make sure it could still trade with China?

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The U.S. announced the Open Door Policy. This policy stated that all nations should have equal access to trade in China. This policy was neither accepted or rejected the other countries, but it made U.S. intentions clear.

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Some Chinese nationalists did not like foreign involvement in China. The U.S. called these people "Boxers" because their symbol was a clenched fist. What did these people call themselves?

answer

The Fists of Righteous Harmony

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What happened in the Boxer Rebellion?

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In 1900, Boxers took to the streets of Beijing, China's capital, and killed more that 200 foreigners. They lost the battle to foreign military and China was forced to pay 333 million dollars to various nations.

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When did Cuba rebel against Spain?

answer

During the 1890's

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Who were the 2 journalists who supported the Cuban rebellion and were sympathetic towards the Cubans?

answer

Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst. They were in a fierce competition with each other for readers. To get people to buy their newspapers, they used yellow journalism to write stories about Spanish brutality in Cuba which caused Americans to want the U.S. to support the Cuban rebels and fight against Spain.

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What president was opposed to U.S. involvement in Cuba?

answer

President Grover Cleveland

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After President Grover Cleveland, William McKinley became president. What did the Spanish minister Enrique Dupuy de Lome do to insult the U.S.?

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He wrote a letter to the U.S. that President McKinley was weak. Yellow Journalist William Randolph Hearst published the letter in his newspaper. Many Americans were insulted by it and it made them dislike the Spanish even more.

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In 1898, even before the letter by the Spanish appeared in the newspaper, a US battleship called "Maine" had exploded in Cuba's Havana Harbor. No one knew the cause, but many Americans believed what?

answer

That Spain was responsible for the battleship Maine explosion and deaths of 266 Americans.

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In response to the Maine explosion, the US declared Cuba as independent and demanded that Spain leave the island within 3 days, as well as the Teller Amendment, which was a resolution that stated the US did not want to take control over Cuba. What did Spain do then?

answer

Spain immediately declared war on the U.S. and began fighting in Cuba.

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How long after Spain declared war on the U.S. did President McKinley declare war on Spain?

answer

The very next day.

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While the fighting was going on in Cuba, what country was also rebelling against Spanish rule?

answer

The Philippines.

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The U.S. navy defeated the Spanish fleet in the Philippines under the command of who?

answer

Commodore George Dewey

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Dewey and what Filipino rebel leader took control of the capital Manila of the Philippines after the Spanish fleet was defeated?

answer

Filipino rebel Emilio Aguinaldo

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What was the name of the troops led by second in command future President Theodore Roosevelt? These troops fought on the Caribbean Sea to defeat the Spanish

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The Rough Riders

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This person was the first in command of the Rough Riders

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Leonard Wood

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The peace treaty with Spain did what?

answer

The peace treaty with Spain put Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines under U.S. control (more imperialism going on here)

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Who opposed the treaty that put the U.S. in control of Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico, and Spain? Why?

answer

The Anti-Imperialist League opposed the treaty with Spain because they were afraid the U.S. wanted to build an empire and deny self-government to these territories. They argued that the treaty threatened democracy. Despite their work, the treaty passed.

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Despite the Teller Amendment, the U.S. began to set up a military government in Cuba after the war with Spain was over. Why?

answer

President McKinley wanted to create stability and increase U.S. economic activity in Cuba.

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Who did President McKinley appoint to the position of governor in Cuba?

answer

Rough Rider leader Leonard Wood

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What did Leonard Wood begin doing in Cuba after the military government was set up there?

answer

He built schools and a sanitation system. He also oversaw the writing of the Cuban constitution which included the Platt Amendment.

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Despite the new sanitation systems, disease remained a major problem in Cuba. Who was sent to Cuba to help fight disease?

answer

Dr. Walter Reed, head of the army's Yellow Fever Commission.

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The Platt amendment limited Cuba's rights to make treaties and allowed the U.S. to intervene in Cuban affairs. It also required what?

answer

The Platt Amendment also required Cuba to sell or lease land to the United States.

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The U.S. government made Puerto Rico a territory. What act established a civil government in Puerto Rico?

answer

The Foraker Act. It was heads by a governor and included a two-house legislature.

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What act made Puerto Ricans U.S. citizens in 1917 and also made both houses of the legislature elective?

answer

The Jones Act in 1917.

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Today Puerto Rico has its own constitution and elected officials, but remains associated with the U.S. as a

answer

commonwealth

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After the US. and Filipino rebels led by Emilio Aguinaldo defeated Spain and captured the Philippines, the Filipino people thought that they would be an independent country after the war. What did the U.S. decide to do with the Philippines after the war with Spain?

answer

They decided to keep the Philippines as a territory., which angered Emilio Aguinaldo and the Filipino rebels. The rebels started a war with the U.S. and many died. In 1902 the U.S. established an appointed governor and a two-house legislature to rule the Philippines.

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In what year did the U.S. grant full independence to the Philippines?

answer

1946

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The Panama Canal was cut across the narrow neck of Central America. What two oceans does it link?

answer

The Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans

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Before the Panama Canal was created, U.S. ships would have to travel all the way around South America to get from the east coast of the U.S. to the west coast of the U.S.. How many miles does the Panama Canal cut off from the voyage all the way around South America?

answer

8,000 miles

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Who tried to get Columbia to lease land in Panama for a Canal?

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President Theodore Roosevelt was the strongest supporter of the Panama Canal.

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What place did Roosevelt think was the best spot for the canal?

answer

The Isthmus of Panama.

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Did Columbia allow the lease of land in Panama for a Canal?

answer

No. Columbia rejected the idea of building a canal in Panama

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What did Roosevelt do to get the Panama Canal built?

answer

Roosevelt discovered that Panamanian revolutionaries were planning to revolt against Columbia. On November 2, 1903, Theodore Roosevelt sent a U.S. warship to Colon, Panama. The next day the revolt began. Columbian forces could not reach Panama to stop the rebellion because they were blocked by the U.S. warship.

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After the Panama rebellion against Columbia, what happened?

answer

Panama declared itself an independent country and the U.S. recognized this new nation.

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The new government of Panama agreed to the building of the Panama Canal. How much did the U.S. pay to Panama for it?

answer

The U.S. paid 10 million dollars plus $250,000 per year for 99 years to lease a 10 mile wide strip of land across the Isthmus of Panama.

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What were the dangers of building the Panama Canal?

answer

Catching a tropical disease like malaria or yellow fever from mosquitoes, or accidentally touching explosives with their steam shovels causing people to blow up.

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Who helped reduce the risk of disease while the canal was being built?

answer

Dr. William C. Gorgas.

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How many lives were lost during the construction of the Panama Canal?

answer

6,000 lives lost.

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When was the Panama Canal finally opened to link the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans and allow ships to pass through?

answer

August 15, 1914

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How long did it take to build the Panama Canal and what was final cost of building it?

answer

It took 10 years to complete, and the final cost for the U.S. was $375 million.

question

The Monroe Doctrine of 1823 created by President Monroe did what?

answer

The Monroe Doctrine warned European nations to stay out of the Western Hemisphere of the world. This doctrine was a major part of U.S. foreign policy until 1904.

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By the early 1900s, several Latin American countries in the Western Hemisphere owed money to European banks who had given them loans. Countries like Venezuela were deeply in debt to British and German investors. Venezuela and Caribbean nations refused to pay back these debts. President Roosevelt didn't want Europe to violate the Monroe Doctrine to get heir money back from these countries. What did he develop in response to this situation?

answer

President Roosevelt developed the Roosevelt Corollary which was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine. It insisted that the Latin American countries MUST repay their debts to the Europeans, and if they did not, that the U.S. would step in and exercise "international police power" in the Western Hemisphere. It stated that any "wrongdoing" by Latin American countries could lead to U.S. intervention.

question

What were a few reasons why President Roosevelt developed the Roosevelt Corollary in 1904?

answer

1) President Theodore Roosevelt wanted the U.S. to play a more active role in the Western Hemisphere of the world. The U.S. was becoming a world power and could use it to keep U.S. power in the Western Hemisphere. It made the U.S. an "international police power" in the Western Hemisphere. 2) He didn't want European powers to violate the existing Monroe Doctrine by trying to get their money back from the Latin American countries 3) He didn't want European powers to come into the Western Hemisphere to threaten U.S. powers there

question

President William Howard Taft tried to use "dollar diplomacy" to protect U.S. interests in Latin America. What did dollar diplomacy do?

answer

Dollar diplomacy tried to influence governments by economic means instead of by military intervention. "Substituting dollars for bullets" in a way to expand U.S. business interests in Latin America.

question

The Nicaragua government failed to repay a loan from the British banks. By using dollar diplomacy, the U.S. lent Nicaragua 1.5 billion to repay the loan in return for what?

answer

Control of the National Bank of Nicaragua and the government owned railroads.

question

This president came after William H. Taft and he did not like the role of big business in foreign affairs. This president ended the use of dollar diplomacy and he sent military troops to protect the U.S. interests in latin America

answer

Woodrow Wilson

question

In 1910, many Mexicans revolted against the harsh rule of Mexican dictator Porfirio Diaz. This revolt was the start of

answer

The Mexican Revolution

question

How did the Mexican Revolution affect U.S. interests?

answer

American business leaders had invested more than $1 billion dollars in Mexican land, mining, oil, and railways. They feared that they would lose their investments in the Mexican Revolution.

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In 1914, President Wilson learned that the Germans were sending a ship carrying weapons to the port of Veracruz, Mexico. What did President Wilson do when he found this out?

answer

He ordered the navy to seize the port of Veracruz to prevent the rebels from getting the German weapons.

question

President Woodrow Wilson received permission from Congress to use force against Mexico. He sent General John J. Pershing to catch rebel leader Francisco "Pancho" Villa. Why?

answer

1) Francisco "Pancho" Villa was the leader of the Mexican Revolution 2) He also killed 17 Americans in New Mexico. 3) They wanted to protect American interests in Mexico 4) The violence of the revolution caused 120,000 Mexicans to flee to the U.S

question

Did General John J. Pershing ever catch rebel leader Francisco "Pancho" Villa?

answer

No.

question

If you are wondering where some of these questions and answers are coming from.....

answer

I bought the book to have at home, and I am adding any additional info that I see in the chapters to supplement these flimsy handouts that you get from class. You have seen test questions before that are not from data in your handout. I am adding this additional data in the hopes that we will catch any trick questions from the book. Now Get Crackin' and Good Luck!

Qtr 2: Chapter 7: America as a World Power – Flashcards

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