Q4 – Final Exam Review – Flashcards
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What was the main goal of the monarchs of Europe during the Age of Absolutism?
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to centralize their political power
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What was the major result of the Glorious Revolution?
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It created a limited monarchy in England.
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Major events: Glorious Revolution
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James II flees; William and Mary accept the Bill of Rights; Parliament rules together with the monarchy
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If someone believes that power corrupts people, what type of government would they support?
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democracy
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What were the major ideas of Locke and Rousseau?
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equality for all; it is the duty of government to protect the people's natural rights
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What Enlightenment thinker influenced the Declaration of Independence most?
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John Locke; we hold these truths to be self-evident...
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What Enlightenment idea most influenced future revolutions?
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the natural rights of man
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Describe the governments of a country before a revolution takes place
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their rights are violated by their government (they are unhappy)
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What were the major causes of the French Revolution?
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3rd estate was unhappy...wanted more political and social power
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Why did the French people support Napoleon Bonaparte?
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he offered stability for the nation
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What were the goals of the Congress of Vienna?
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to create a lasting peace and restore the balance of power in Europe
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What was the overall outcome of the Congress of Vienna?
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redrew the boundaries of nations around France and created nationalist tensions in Europe by ignoring different groups
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What had the greatest influence on the struggles for political independence in Latin America during the early 1800s
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the American and French Revolutions
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What caused revolutions to spread across Europe and the World?
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new ideas and the success of the American and French Revolutions
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What made Haiti's revolution different from the other Latin American independence movements?
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it was led by slaves
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Nationalism
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a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country
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At the Congress of Vienna in 1815, how did the governments of Europe react to the French Revolution and the rule of Napoleon?
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by promoting legitimacy - restoring the old regimes to power
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What are the goals of conservatives in Europe in the early 1800s?
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to restore the balance of power in Europe by following the concept of legitimacy
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Why were Simon Bolivar, Jose de San Martin, and Toussaint L'Ouverture important in Latin American history?
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they all led independence movements in Latin America
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What was the Industrial Revolution?
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increased output of machine made goods; the end of handicraft industries
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What were working conditions like for miners and factory workers during the industrial revolution?
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dangerous, long hours, low wages, poor treatment
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Which condition is most necessary to the process of industrialization in a society?
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availability of investment capital ($)
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What were the major results of the Industrial Revolution
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concentration of workers in urban areas...AKA rapid urbanization
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How did the Industrial Revolution encourage imperialism?
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it created a need for markets and raw materials
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What happened to Africa during Imperialism?
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nationalism was overlooked...lines were drawn where it was convienent for the Europeans not with respect to the Africans
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During the 18th and 19th centuries, what did increased contact between European and the continents of Africa, Asia, and South America cause?
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the exploitation of labor and resources on these continents
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What were the motives for 19th-century European imperialism?
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Imperialism would make countries richer and ultimately that would give them more power
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What were the obstacles to German unification?
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military weakness of the northern provinces
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How were the unifications of Italy and Germany similar
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both used military force
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What was the greatest roadblock to Italian unification?
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regional loyalties
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What event is one of the best examples of the success of nationalism in Europe?
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German unification
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What caused the start of World War I?
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MAIN - militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism - basically competition
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How is the western front of World War I best described?
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stagnant
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Why was World War I was more destructive than earlier wars?
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modern weapons and technologies
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Why was it difficult to gain an advantage over the enemy in trench warfare?
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modern weapons - machine guns - made advancing nearly impossible
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What was a main weakness in the American and world economy in the 1920s?
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overproduction of manufactured goods
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What was a major cause of the collapse of the stock market?
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margin buying
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What is one way that the Great Depression affected the world economy?
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American banks demanded payments
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What were the causes of the Great Depression?
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poor banking practices, inability to pay debts, overproduction
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Who used appeasement towards Germany before World War II?
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The Allies - especially GB at the Munich Conference
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The harsh conditions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles after World War I helped lay the foundation for what?
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Fascism - totalitarian governments in Italy, Germany and Japan
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Which event is generally considered to be the first aggressive act of World War II?
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the invasion of Poland
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World War II is often considered to be a turning point in history because?
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European domination of world affairs begins to decline as they lose their last colonies to nationalism
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Describe the level of tension between the U.S. and Soviet Union during the Cold War.
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it varied up and down...anything you can do i can do better....
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What did Winston Churchill mean when he described the Soviet Union as an "iron curtain"?
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the Soviet Union has influence across eastern Europe - soviet bloc nations - satellites - Warsaw Pact nations
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During the Cold War Era (1945-1990), why were the United States and the Soviet Union were reluctant to become involved in direct military conflict?
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b/c of the potential for global nuclear destruction
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What did The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan represented attempts by the United States to deal with?
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the spread of communism
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Which groups in Latin American countries generally supported conservative interests?
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middle class business owners (entrepreneurs)
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Why did democracy fail in many new nations?
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the people were unprepared for self-rule
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Which issues in Brazil provoked conflict between economic development and environmental protection?
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the destruction of the Amazon rain forest - deforestation - the lungs of the world
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After World War II, what action was taken by many African territories?
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demanding independence
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Describe apartheid in South Africa
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racism became law and segregation was legal - pass book laws
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Which factor most limited the development of African nationalism?
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Imperialism
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Describe the political situation in Africa after World War II.
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Increased nationalism led to independence from European nations but also led to civil wars between African peoples
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What group in Latin America became an effective force for social reform?
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the middle class and urban workers
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Why are fewer farms needed in the United States economy today than were needed in 1900?
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Most farmland has been turned into suburbs
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What is a negative impact of the use of modern technology?
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the levels of pollution often increase
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How did NATO react to the issues in Bosnia?
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...they responded too slowly which allowed for genocide
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What was the major reason the Mexican Government strongly supported the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)?
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...it would improve their economy
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Many new European nations are formed base on what?
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...nationalism - specific ethnic groups and / or religions
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"What stance do many nations take today on human rights issues?
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...they should be protected no matter what
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How has the division of East and West Germany affected the country today?
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...the economic differences have limited the growth of the total German economy
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Since the end of World War II, how have the nations of Western Europe have improved their economic position?
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...by creating the European Union
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Why has North Korea been the focus of worldwide attention in the mid-1990's
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its nuclear weapons development
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Tensions between which of the following two groups resulted in the partition of India?
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Muslims and Hindus
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The conflict between Palestinians and Jews in Palestine centered on what issue?
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the claim to their homeland
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Why do so many people in the Middle East support the revival of Islam?
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it gives an alternative to social and economic problems
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What is China's biggest issue today?
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overpopulation
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interdependence.
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a reciprocal relation between interdependent entities (objects or individuals or groups)
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Why is the Middle East globally important today
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oil source - petroleum leader
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Today, where do most human rights violations most often occur?
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in nations where the leader has complete control - i.e. dictatorships
