Public Spkg – Flashcards
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Noise from a communication perspective includes what?
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students arriving late, loud phone conversation, and unfortunate reappearance of pants and blouses all divert attention
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Rules are
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a followable prescription that indicates what behavior is obligated, preferred, or prohibited in certain contexts.
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What is an example of claim and evidence?
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claim- I can date supermodel Jasmine evidence-I am brainy, average looking, very nice, & sensitive guy
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Context for communication is...
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the sender, the message, the channel, the receiver, and the noise
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What is the difference between open and closed-mindedness?
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open mindedness does not require us to entertain obviously false claims made by speakers or to give them forum for expression
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Public speaking is a _____ process. What does that mean?
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transactional -sharing meanings with others
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Communication competence is based on what two variables?
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effective & appropriate
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What are some causes of dysfunctional speech anxiety?
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self-defeating thoughts & situational factors
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What are some effective and productive strategies for managing speech anxiety?
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-Prepare and practice: -Gain Realistic Perspective -Adopt a Noncompetitive Communication Orientation -Using coping statements -Use Positive Imaging -Use Relaxation Techniques -Try Systematic Desensitization
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Do Professional speakers experience speech anxiety?
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Yes
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What is the illusion of transparency?
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the overestimation of the extent to which audience members detect anymore's nervousness
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What is confirmation bias?
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the tendency to seek information that supports one's belief and to ignore information that contradicts those beliefs
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Manuscript speaking is defined as ___ .
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speaker reading from a written out speech
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What are some disadvantages of manuscript speaking?
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fails eye contact, can disconnect from listeners
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What are the 4 methods of speech delivery?
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Manuscript, memorized, Impromptu, and extemporaneous
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Should novice speakers be encouraged to memorized speeches?
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No
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How does a person enhance their credibility?
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competence and dynamism
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Demographics include____
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age, gender, culture, ethnicity, and group affiliaions
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What is appropriate behavior for delivering a eulogy speech?
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praise and with sadness
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What is the best way to find potential speech topics?
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do a personal inventory
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What are the persuasive effects of the quantity and quality of arguments used to support a proposal?
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by using strong arguments & not supported by 9 weak arguments
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What are some ways to gain attention in the introduction?
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begin with a quote or use a question
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What is attention?
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the act of focusing on a specific stimulus to the exclusion of competing stimuli
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How does attention work?
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is unavoidibly selective
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What needs to be included in a complete and competent introduction?
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-attention, make a clear purpose statement, establish the significance of your topic, establish credibility, and preview main points
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The preview statement should state what?
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the coming attractions of the speech
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The specific purpose statement should do what?
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encompasses both the general purpose and indicates what the speaker hopes to accomplish with the speech
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What is the difference between a rhetorical and a direct question?
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rethorical- no anser direct question- show of hands
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What are the steps to refutation?
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1. state opposing argument 2. state your reaction to the opposing argument 3. support your response with reasoning and evidence
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What is persuasion? Think of an example.
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to convice people not to drink alcohol when driving
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What the different types of organizational patterns?
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topical, chronological, spatial, casual, problem-solution, problem-cause-solution, comparative advantages, motivated, and narrative
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What is coherence?
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requires that main points flow directly from the purpose statement
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What is a signpost?
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organizational marker that indicates the structure of a speech and notifies listeners that a particular point is about to be addressed
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How does one plagiarize from other author?
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stealing portions of someone else's speech or writings
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Is Wikipedia a credible source or resource? Why/why not?
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No because it does not have reliable references
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What is a fallacious claim?
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is any error in reasoning and evidence that may decieve your audience
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What should be included in a testimony from an expert when citing them in your speech?
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quote the actual experts on the program or in the article
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What is an ad populum fallacy?
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basing a claim on popular opinion
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What is a self-selected sample size?
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attracts the most committed, aroused, or motivated individuals to fill out surveys on their own and polling questions
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Credibility of a statistics is enhanced when you cite what else?
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facts
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What are the different types of supporting material?
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using examples, statistics,; testimony competently, also general consideration across types
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What are examples alliteration, a simile, and antithesis?
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alliteration- click clank clash simile- high as a kite antithesis- It was the best of timesl it was the worst of times
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What is the difference between a metaphor and a simile?
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like or as
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What is the difference between jargon and a euphemism?
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jargon- specialized language of profession, trade or group euphemism- phrase used to numb us to conceal unpleasant realities
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What is the best way to use visual aids effectively?
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objects, models, graphs, maps, tables, photographs, drawings,
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How are drawings used ineffectively as visual aids?
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performs ballet moves or an athlete could be instructive, sloppy drawings are bad
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How are informative and persuasive speeches different?
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inform- gives info persuade- convinces an audience
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What is the social judgment theory?
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a theory of persuasion that focuses on how close or distant and audience's position on a controversial issue is from its anchor attitude
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When are fear appeals more persuasive?
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when combined with high-quality arguments
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What is cognitive dissonance?
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the unpleasant feeling produced by apparent inconsistency in ideas, beliefs, or opinions: two contradictory cognitions simultaneously
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What are some examples of tribute speeches?
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toasts, roasts, to colleagues, eulogies
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What are the guidelines for an effective roast?
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humor, tone positive, brief, finish on heartleft serious note
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A commencement address is an example of what kind of speech?
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inspirational speech.
