Psychology: Unit 5 Module 36 – Flashcards
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Aleksis has recently begun to bully and hurt his younger brother. If this behavior continues, it is likely that Aleksis will
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develop an increasing dislike for his brother
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In Milgram's obedience experiments, "teachers" were MOST likely to deliver high levels of shock when
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the "learner" was placed in a different room from the "teacher"
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Unconsciously mimicking those around us is known as
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the chameleon effect
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When in a different culture, people know whether to greet others by shaking hands or kissing each cheek if they are aware of prevailing
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norms
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The careers of health care specialists such as pediatricians, neurologists, and dentists most clearly illustrate that culture enables
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division of labor
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A terrorist mentality that becomes increasingly extreme among people who interact without outside moderating influences best illustrates
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group polarization
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If a person stares at the sky, passersby will often pause to do likewise. This best illustrates
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chameleon effect
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We have a tendency to explain the behavior of strangers we have observed in only one type of situation in terms of ________ and to explain our own behavior in terms of ________.
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personality traits; situational constraints
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The fundamental attribution error refers to our tendency to underestimate the impact of ________ and to overestimate the impact of ________ in explaining the behavior of others.
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situational influences; personal dispositions
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Comedy routines that are mildly amusing to people in an uncrowded room seem funnier in a densely packed room. This is best explained in terms of
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social facilitation
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After hearing respected medical authorities lecture about the value of regular exercise, Raul, who has rarely exercised, begins to jog regularly. The change in Raul's behavior best illustrates the impact of
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informational social influence
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Individuals who believe that the death penalty should be abolished meet to discuss the issue. Research on group interaction suggests that after discussion the individuals will be
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even more convinced that the death penalty should be abolished
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Instead of providing arguments in favor of a political candidate, ads may build political support by associating pictures of the candidate with emotion-evoking music and images. This strategy best illustrates
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peripheral route persuasion
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Which branch of psychology is most directly concerned with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another?
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social psychology
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By enabling like-minded White supremacists to pool their ideas, Internet social networking sites are likely to contribute to
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group polarization
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Deindividuation refers to
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a loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
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Vanna is tempted to shoplift a gold necklace even though she has negative feelings about shoplifting. Vanna is LEAST likely to steal the merchandise if
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she easily recalls her negative feelings about shoplifting
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The preservation of historically creative and useful ideas and practices is a benefit most clearly associated with
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culture
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Observing yourself on a video replay is most likely to increase your tendency to attribute your behavior to
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personality traits
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Which of the following comments is most likely to be made in a group characterized by groupthink?
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"We all seem to be in basic agreement, so there's no sense in continuing our discussion of this issue."
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Which of the following is most likely to help us empathize with others?
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automatic mimicry
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After she was promoted to a high-level executive position in the large company for which she worked, Jorana developed more pro-business political attitudes. This best illustrates the impact of ________ on attitudes.
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role playing
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After an exciting football game in which the home team loses by one point, angry fans throw bottles and begin to tear up the field. This behavior is best understood in terms of
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deindividuation
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To study social facilitation, Norman Triplett observed adolescents while they were
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winding fishing reels
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Accepting others' opinions about reality is to ________ as the desire to gain approval is to ________.
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informational social influnce; normative social influence
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The fundamental attribution error is illustrated in our tendency to underestimate the extent to which others' behavior is influenced by
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assigned roles
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Professional athletes perform better before an audience than when alone. This best illustrates
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social facilitation
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The impact of our actions on our attitudes is best illustrated by
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the foot-in-the-door phenomenon
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Opinion change resulting from a thoughtful focus on the content of arguments illustrates
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central route persuasion
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The presence of others does not always lead to social facilitation because
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arousal inhibits the correct performance of difficult tasks
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On which of the following tasks would the presence of others be MOST likely to lead to improved performance?
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counting backward from 10 to 1
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Since 1960, most Western cultures have changed with remarkable speed. The LEAST likely explanation for these variations involves changes in
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the human gene pool
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Research participants believed that the Asch conformity test involved a study of
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visual perception
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A business leader who welcomes a variety of opinions from subordinates and invites experts to critique her company's developing plans is most likely to inhibit
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groupthink
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Freire did very poorly on his last arithmetic test. The tendency to make the fundamental attribution error might lead his sixth-grade teacher to conclude that Freire did poorly because
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he is unmotivated to do well in school
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Luella publicly agrees with her seventh-grade classmates that parents should allow 36-year-olds to date. Later that day, she writes in her diary that she actually believes parents should prohibit kids from dating until they are at least 15 years old. Luella's public conformity to her classmates' opinion best illustrates the power of
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normative social influence
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We are most likely to experience cognitive dissonance if we feel
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a great sense of responsibility for engaging in behaviors of which we personally disapprove
