Question 1

Which of the following actions does not require learning to occur?

Accepted Answer

Yawning

Question 2

In order to prove that learning has happened, it is necessary to __________.

Accepted Answer

Measure performance objectively and concretely

Question 3

The difference between an innate behavior and a learned behavior is that a learned behavior is __________ and an innate behavior is not.

Accepted Answer

A result of experience

Question 4

__________ is an example of a learned behavior.

Accepted Answer

Reading

Question 5

Both learned and innate behavior can occur as a result of automatic processes.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 6

Sneezing is an example of a learned behavior.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 7

All of the following are shaped by learned behavior except __________. A. innate reflexes B. personality traits C. emotional responses D. personal habits

Accepted Answer

A

Question 8

The types of movies that one likes is influenced by learned behaviors.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 9

Sleeping is a behavior that is dependent on both instinctive and environmental conditions.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 10

The fact that older locusts use less energy to fly than younger locusts suggests that __________. A. younger locusts are incapable of flying efficiently B. efficient flying is an innate behavior that is only apparent in some locusts C. the older locusts have learned a more efficient way to fly D. flying is a learned behavior that the younger locusts must practice

Accepted Answer

C

Question 11

A reflex is a type of innate behavior.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 12

Behavior that happens automatically without conscious input is called __________ behavior. A. learned B. organized C. innate D. spontaneous

Accepted Answer

C

Question 13

All behaviors occur only after conscious thought.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 14

Observable behaviors include both learned behaviors and instinctive behaviors.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 15

Innate behavior occurs as a result of practice and repetition.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a learned behavior? A. a bird feeding its young B. human toddlers walking C. a child recoiling from a hot stove D. squirrels opening nuts

Accepted Answer

B

Question 17

All of the following are shaped by learned behavior except __________. A. shyness B. blinking C. biting one\'s nails D. angry responses

Accepted Answer

B

Question 18

Over the course of his famous conditioning experiments, what did Pavlov\'s dogs learn? A. They learned to eat food at the ring of a bell. B. They learned to ring a bell in order to get fed. C. They learned to eat when they began salivating. D. They learned to salivate at the sound of a bell.

Accepted Answer

D

Question 19

___________ is the psychologist who conducted the \"Little Albert\" study in which he conditioned an infant to fear white rats. A. B. F. Skinner B. John B. Watson C. Ivan Pavlov D. Sigmund Freud

Accepted Answer

B

Question 20

When planning a classical conditioning experiment, what is the goal of the researcher? A. to teach the subject to respond to a conditioned response B. to teach the subject to respond to the conditioned stimulus C. to teach the subject to respond to the unconditioned stimulus D. to teach the subject to respond to an unconditioned response

Accepted Answer

B

Question 21

A stimulus that naturally provokes a behavior or response is known as a(n) __________. A. unconditioned stimulus B. neutral response C. conditioned stimulus D. conditioned response

Accepted Answer

A

Question 22

Which process is responsible for the gradual diminishment of the association between a conditioned stimulus and a conditioned response? A. acquisition B. generalization C. discrimination D. extinction

Accepted Answer

D

Question 23

Which learning process occurs when a connection between a stimulus and a response is strengthened as learning begins? A. acquisition B. discrimination C. extinction D. generalization

Accepted Answer

A

Question 24

Watson\'s \"Little Albert\" experiment demonstrated which of the following pairs of classical conditioning processes? A. acquisition and discrimination B. discrimination and extinction C. extinction and generalization D. generalization and acquisition

Accepted Answer

D

Question 25

classical conditioning, the __________ stimulus causes an unconditioned response.  A. conditioned B. unconditioned C. controlled D. uncontrolled

Accepted Answer

B

Question 26

Once a conditioned behavior is extinguished, it can no longer appear again.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 27

When a response becomes generalized, then someone will react to things that remind them of the first stimuli that caused a response.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 28

Edward spends a lot of time studying for his exams. He usually takes practice exams when he studies. During his study time, he drinks a lot of soda and coffee. When he takes his actual exams in class, he is frequently bothered by a strong urge to have soda or coffee.  What is the conditioned response (CR) in this scenario?  A. spending time studying B. taking practice exams C. craving soda and coffee D. drinking soda and coffee

Accepted Answer

C

Question 29

Behaviors never come back once they have been extinguished.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 30

A neutral stimulus causes no response.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 31

Conditioning occurs when two events that usually go together become associated with each other.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 32

How does advertising use classical conditioning to help sell products? A. It trains people to associate the product with positive emotions. B. It uses more animals in the advertisements of the products being sold, which pleases most people. C. It eliminates the negative aspects of products from commercials. D. It appeals only to logic and intellect, and never to emotional content.

Accepted Answer

A

Question 33

During the process of classical conditioning, the neutral stimulus (NS) is converted into the __________. A. conditioned stimulus B. conditioned response C. unconditioned stimulus D. unconditioned response

Accepted Answer

A

Question 34

Edward Thorndike\'s law of effect was a precursor to the theory of __________. A. social learning B. classical conditioning C. observational learning D. operant conditioning

Accepted Answer

D

Question 35

The psychologist who believed that behaviors that are followed by favorable consequences tend to be repeated was __________. A. James B. Watson B. B. F. Skinner C. Edward Thorndike D. Franz Mesmer

Accepted Answer

B

Question 36

n operant conditioning, acquisition is the __________. A. point at which a subject gains a pleasant consequence B. point at which a behavior is associated with a specific consequence C. way in which behaviors are discouraged from reoccurring D. association of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus

Accepted Answer

B

Question 37

Glen is attempting to use operant conditioning to train his dog, Thor, to fetch a ball upon command. To test Thor\'s understanding, Glen throws the ball and yells, \"Pineapple!\" Thor does not fetch the ball.  Which process of operant conditioning has Thor demonstrated? A. stimuli optimization B. stimuli discrimination C. stimuli extinction D. stimuli generalization

Accepted Answer

B

Question 38

Which B. F. Skinner invention allowed him to train subjects through operant conditioning? A. cumulative recorder B. operant chamber C. pigeon box D. cat puzzle box

Accepted Answer

B

Question 39

The continued display of a behavior after reinforcement has been removed is known as ___________. A. discriminative stimulus B. negative punishment C. resistance to extinction D. secondary reinforcement

Accepted Answer

C

Question 40

In classical conditioning, a stimulus is used to provoke or elicit a response that __________. A. it didn\'t elicit naturally before conditioning occurred B. it elicited naturally before conditioning occurred C. was impossible to elicit before conditioning occurred D. was only elicited on occasion before conditioning occurred

Accepted Answer

A

Question 41

All of the following factors influence the effectiveness of reinforcement in operant conditioning except __________. A. timing B. extinction C. magnitude D. shaping

Accepted Answer

B

Question 42

The discriminative stimulus in operant conditioning is one that predicts the probability of a consequence occurring.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 43

B. F. Skinner is responsible for establishing the law of effect.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 44

Reinforcement attempts may not work if the reinforcer is not important or valued by the subject.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 45

The law of effect states that when a behavior is rewarded, which of the following is most likely to occur? A. The behavior will be neither more or less likely to be repeated. B. The behavior will be less likely to be repeated. C. The behavior will be repeated a set number of times. D. The behavior will be more likely to be repeated.

Accepted Answer

D

Question 46

In operant conditioning, the consequence shapes the behavior.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 47

Higher-order conditioning occurs when a conditioned response acts as an unconditioned response

Accepted Answer

False

Question 48

One of the implications of John B. Watson\'s work was that human phobias might be the result of classical conditioning

Accepted Answer

True

Question 49

Classical conditioning occurs when the unconditioned stimulus evokes a response from a neutral stimulus

Accepted Answer

False

Question 50

Edward Thorndike\'s law of effect was a precursor to the theory of __________. A. social learning B. classical conditioning C. observational learning D. operant conditioning

Accepted Answer

D

Question 51

The psychologist who believed that behaviors that are followed by favorable consequences tend to be repeated was __________. A. James B. Watson B. B. F. Skinner C. Edward Thorndike D. Franz Mesmer

Accepted Answer

B

Question 52

In operant conditioning, acquisition is the __________. A. point at which a subject gains a pleasant consequence B. point at which a behavior is associated with a specific consequence C. way in which behaviors are discouraged from reoccurring D. association of a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus

Accepted Answer

B

Question 53

After receiving a reward for escaping the puzzle box, the cats ________.   A. appeared to enjoy the box more B. escaped more slowly C. gradually learned to escape more quickly D. increased the length of time in the box

Accepted Answer

C

Question 54

Classical conditioning occurs when a particular behavior is reinforced by its consequences

Accepted Answer

False

Question 55

Stimulus discrimination occurs when an organism generalizes one consequence to many stimuli similar to the discriminative stimulus

Accepted Answer

False

Question 56

A discriminative stimulus is a cue that the reward may be forthcoming for a certain behavior

Accepted Answer

True

Question 57

In operant conditioning, many complex behaviors are learned through shaping

Accepted Answer

True

Question 58

In this scenario, what is the unconditioned stimulus for the vervent monkey\'s behavior?

Accepted Answer

the sight of the hawk circling

Question 59

When a response becomes generalized, then someone will react to things that remind them of the first stimuli that caused a response.

Accepted Answer

True

Question 60

Conditioning occurs when two events that usually go together become associated with each other.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 61

Behaviors never come back once they have been extinguished.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 62

Once a conditioned behavior is extinguished, it can no longer appear again.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 63

Spontaneous recovery is usually a permanent reappearance of a conditioned response.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 64

In classical conditioning, the __________ stimulus causes an unconditioned response.  A. conditioned B. unconditioned C. controlled D. uncontrolled

Accepted Answer

unconditioned

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