Psychology Quizzes Chapters 1 and 2 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
A cognitive psychologist has been studying aggression in teens. Which of the following is most likely to be the title of his latest study? a. "The Consequences of Teen Violence" b. "The Use of Medications to Control Aggression in Teens" c. "Social Pressures that Produce Violent Teens" d. "The Family Dynamics of Violent Teens" e. "How Teens Perceive Threatening Situations and thus Respond Violently"
answer
E
question
The school of thought that investigates the connection between stimuli and responses is _____.
answer
behaviorism
question
A _____ psychologist would be most likely to explain nail-biting as resulting from an oral fixation and a hidden self-destructive tendency.
answer
psychodynamic
question
According to the evolutionary approach, behavioral and mental _____ should be a primary focus of psychology.
answer
adaptiveness
question
Ted is seeing a humanistic psychology for therapy. His psychologist is most likely to focus on a. cultural guidelines that shaped Ted's personality b. striving for growth and developing potential c. how Ted's parents shaped his behavior d. Ted's unconscious resentment of his siblings e. the conflict between personal desires and social restrictions
answer
B
question
A social psychologist would be interested in which of the following? a. measuring how children respond after they are spanked b. examining how spanking has served as an evolutionary purpose throughout history c. asking parents why they spank their children d. determining whether mothers or fathers are more likely to spank their children e. comparing how often Americans and Canadians spank their children
answer
E
question
Biological psychologists look for the cause of behavior to come from _____.
answer
E
question
Psychology is different from pseudoscience in the sense that none of the pseudoscience has survived trial by the _____.
answer
scientific method
question
If a study is conducted through empirical investigation, this means it is based on _____ and _____.
answer
careful measurements; direct experience
question
Which of the following is a question that could be best answered using the scientific method? a. Do men drive faster than women? b. Can your cat read your mind? c. Is homosexuality sinful? d. Was Elvis a great singer? e. Is it cruel to spank your child?
answer
A
question
A theory and a hypothesis are different in that a _____ is often representative of a larger _____.
answer
hypothesis, theory
question
Dr. Spinney provides students with different types of beverages and then measures their ability to drive a car. In this example, beverage type is the _____ variable.
answer
independent
question
A hypothesis must be _____ and _____.
answer
testable; falsifiable
question
Jenna wants to learn whether men or women are better drivers. To determine this, she decides that she will measure driving ability by examining the number of automobile accidents people have been involved in as a driver. The number of accidents is the basis of the _____ of driving ability.
answer
operational definition
question
The _____ is controlled by the researcher, while the _____ is the measured outcome of the study.
answer
independent variable, dependent variable
question
Gina wants to conduct a study of discrimination based on looks in hiring practices. Gina selects two candidates with equivalent qualifications, one extremely attractive and the other of average attractiveness. She sends them to interview for the same job. The dependent variable in Gina's experiment is a. the number of candidates who interviewed for the job b. the qualifications of the two candidates c. the type of job the candidates apply for d. the response of the interviewer to each candidate e. the relative attractiveness of the two candidates
answer
D
question
In an experiment to test the impacts a sports drink had on amount of energy, individuals were given either water or a sports drink. They were shown a television show about basketball for 30 minutes and then were assessed on a number of physical tasks. The independent variable is the _____ and the dependent variable is the _____.
answer
type of drink, amount of energy
question
If a researcher finds that their results are significantly significant, this means that the results are likely a result of _____.
answer
manipulation by the independent variable
question
A scientist who is skeptical about a particular study can decide to run that study in their laboratory. This would represent _____ the original research study.
answer
replicating
question
Researchers design good experiments to determine a. whether the independent variable causes a change in the dependent variable b. whether some people are better at certain tasks than are others c. whether people interpret events in different ways d. whether people are able to improve their abilities with practice e. how most people feel about a certain subject, such as sexuality
answer
A
question
You would like to study the effects of sleep on attentiveness in class. Which of the following is NOT a control in the experiment to prevent extraneous variables from influencing the outcome of the experiment? a. test both the control and experimental group at the same time of day b. insure that all of the participants are tested by the same individual c. insure that all participants received almost the same amount of sleep d. place those who are more tired in the control group e. test both the experimental and control group in the same place
answer
D
question
A sample and the population in an experiment differ from one another in the sense that the _____ is a smaller representation of the _____.
answer
sample, population
question
_____ means that all participants should have an equal chance of being placed in either the control or experimental group.
answer
Random assignment
question
An outcome of a correlational study on attendance and grade point average could potentially conclude all of the following except a. there is a link between those with low attendance and low grades b. for some individuals, as attendance goes down, grades actually go up c. there is a relationship between the number of days a student comes to school and their semester grade point average d. there is a link between those with high attendance and high grades e. coming to school causes individuals to get higher grades
answer
E
question
The value of a correlation coefficient reflects the _____.
answer
relationship between the two variables
question
If a study finds that there is a negative correlation between exercise and blood pressure, this would most likely indicate that people who exercise more tend to have a _____ blood pressure.
answer
lower
question
Susan wants to see if pedestrians obey cross walk lights that indicate whether it is safe to cross or when they should wait on the side walk. The type of method of research that would be most appropriate for this study would be a _____.
answer
naturalistic observation
question
If a researcher wanted to conduct a study to determine if people's intelligence remained the same over the course of their life span, the best method of research for this study would be a _____.
answer
longitudinal study
question
_____, or _____, variables are changeable factors that could distort the results of an experiment and be confused with the independent variable.
answer
Confounding; extraneous
question
The American Psychological Association guidelines state that research participants must a. be debriefed after the study if the research involves deception b. be paid (or rewarded) for their participation c. waive their right to privacy if they volunteer for a study d. never be deceived under and circumstances e. never participate in blind research
answer
A
question
The purpose of an Institutional Review Board (IRB) is to insure that all research being conducted _____.
answer
adheres to ethical guidelines
question
A study in which participation is NOT voluntary and informed is said to involve _____.
answer
deception
question
_____ refers to providing each subject with a full and honest account of the true purposes and assumptions of the research study, if the study involved deception.
answer
Debriefing
question
Frequency distribution allows you to better evaluate data by _____ and _____.
answer
organizing it; seeing how many different times the data points appear
question
All of the following are examples of descriptive Statistics except for a. mode b. median c. range d. mean e. statistical significance
answer
E
question
The method of data evaluation that will allow you to determine how frequently each score in a data set occurs is the _____.
answer
frequency distribution
question
All of the following are measures of central tendency except a. correlation coefficient b. mode c. median d. range e. mean
answer
A
question
In a given data set, N represents _____.
answer
the number of participants in the data set
question
The _____ represents the average distance of a set of scores from the mean of data.
answer
standard deviation
question
If a set of data has a relatively low variability, this means that the scores in the data set are _____.
answer
closely clustered around the mean
question
In a normal distribution (bell curve), what percentage of scores fall within one standard deviation from the mean?
answer
68%
question
If a study resulted in a p < .50, we could generally say that the results of the study are _____.
answer
likely due to chance
question
Inferential Statistics can be used to determine _____.
answer
if the results from a study are due to chance
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New