question

A cognitive psychologist has been studying aggression in teens. Which of the following is most likely to be the title of his latest study? a. "The Consequences of Teen Violence" b. "The Use of Medications to Control Aggression in Teens" c. "Social Pressures that Produce Violent Teens" d. "The Family Dynamics of Violent Teens" e. "How Teens Perceive Threatening Situations and thus Respond Violently"

answer

E

question

The school of thought that investigates the connection between stimuli and responses is _____.

answer

behaviorism

question

A _____ psychologist would be most likely to explain nail-biting as resulting from an oral fixation and a hidden self-destructive tendency.

answer

psychodynamic

question

According to the evolutionary approach, behavioral and mental _____ should be a primary focus of psychology.

answer

adaptiveness

question

Ted is seeing a humanistic psychology for therapy. His psychologist is most likely to focus on a. cultural guidelines that shaped Ted's personality b. striving for growth and developing potential c. how Ted's parents shaped his behavior d. Ted's unconscious resentment of his siblings e. the conflict between personal desires and social restrictions

answer

B

question

A social psychologist would be interested in which of the following? a. measuring how children respond after they are spanked b. examining how spanking has served as an evolutionary purpose throughout history c. asking parents why they spank their children d. determining whether mothers or fathers are more likely to spank their children e. comparing how often Americans and Canadians spank their children

answer

E

question

Biological psychologists look for the cause of behavior to come from _____.

answer

E

question

Psychology is different from pseudoscience in the sense that none of the pseudoscience has survived trial by the _____.

answer

scientific method

question

If a study is conducted through empirical investigation, this means it is based on _____ and _____.

answer

careful measurements; direct experience

question

Which of the following is a question that could be best answered using the scientific method? a. Do men drive faster than women? b. Can your cat read your mind? c. Is homosexuality sinful? d. Was Elvis a great singer? e. Is it cruel to spank your child?

answer

A

question

A theory and a hypothesis are different in that a _____ is often representative of a larger _____.

answer

hypothesis, theory

question

Dr. Spinney provides students with different types of beverages and then measures their ability to drive a car. In this example, beverage type is the _____ variable.

answer

independent

question

A hypothesis must be _____ and _____.

answer

testable; falsifiable

question

Jenna wants to learn whether men or women are better drivers. To determine this, she decides that she will measure driving ability by examining the number of automobile accidents people have been involved in as a driver. The number of accidents is the basis of the _____ of driving ability.

answer

operational definition

question

The _____ is controlled by the researcher, while the _____ is the measured outcome of the study.

answer

independent variable, dependent variable

question

Gina wants to conduct a study of discrimination based on looks in hiring practices. Gina selects two candidates with equivalent qualifications, one extremely attractive and the other of average attractiveness. She sends them to interview for the same job. The dependent variable in Gina's experiment is a. the number of candidates who interviewed for the job b. the qualifications of the two candidates c. the type of job the candidates apply for d. the response of the interviewer to each candidate e. the relative attractiveness of the two candidates

answer

D

question

In an experiment to test the impacts a sports drink had on amount of energy, individuals were given either water or a sports drink. They were shown a television show about basketball for 30 minutes and then were assessed on a number of physical tasks. The independent variable is the _____ and the dependent variable is the _____.

answer

type of drink, amount of energy

question

If a researcher finds that their results are significantly significant, this means that the results are likely a result of _____.

answer

manipulation by the independent variable

question

A scientist who is skeptical about a particular study can decide to run that study in their laboratory. This would represent _____ the original research study.

answer

replicating

question

Researchers design good experiments to determine a. whether the independent variable causes a change in the dependent variable b. whether some people are better at certain tasks than are others c. whether people interpret events in different ways d. whether people are able to improve their abilities with practice e. how most people feel about a certain subject, such as sexuality

answer

A

question

You would like to study the effects of sleep on attentiveness in class. Which of the following is NOT a control in the experiment to prevent extraneous variables from influencing the outcome of the experiment? a. test both the control and experimental group at the same time of day b. insure that all of the participants are tested by the same individual c. insure that all participants received almost the same amount of sleep d. place those who are more tired in the control group e. test both the experimental and control group in the same place

answer

D

question

A sample and the population in an experiment differ from one another in the sense that the _____ is a smaller representation of the _____.

answer

sample, population

question

_____ means that all participants should have an equal chance of being placed in either the control or experimental group.

answer

Random assignment

question

An outcome of a correlational study on attendance and grade point average could potentially conclude all of the following except a. there is a link between those with low attendance and low grades b. for some individuals, as attendance goes down, grades actually go up c. there is a relationship between the number of days a student comes to school and their semester grade point average d. there is a link between those with high attendance and high grades e. coming to school causes individuals to get higher grades

answer

E

question

The value of a correlation coefficient reflects the _____.

answer

relationship between the two variables

question

If a study finds that there is a negative correlation between exercise and blood pressure, this would most likely indicate that people who exercise more tend to have a _____ blood pressure.

answer

lower

question

Susan wants to see if pedestrians obey cross walk lights that indicate whether it is safe to cross or when they should wait on the side walk. The type of method of research that would be most appropriate for this study would be a _____.

answer

naturalistic observation

question

If a researcher wanted to conduct a study to determine if people's intelligence remained the same over the course of their life span, the best method of research for this study would be a _____.

answer

longitudinal study

question

_____, or _____, variables are changeable factors that could distort the results of an experiment and be confused with the independent variable.

answer

Confounding; extraneous

question

The American Psychological Association guidelines state that research participants must a. be debriefed after the study if the research involves deception b. be paid (or rewarded) for their participation c. waive their right to privacy if they volunteer for a study d. never be deceived under and circumstances e. never participate in blind research

answer

A

question

The purpose of an Institutional Review Board (IRB) is to insure that all research being conducted _____.

answer

adheres to ethical guidelines

question

A study in which participation is NOT voluntary and informed is said to involve _____.

answer

deception

question

_____ refers to providing each subject with a full and honest account of the true purposes and assumptions of the research study, if the study involved deception.

answer

Debriefing

question

Frequency distribution allows you to better evaluate data by _____ and _____.

answer

organizing it; seeing how many different times the data points appear

question

All of the following are examples of descriptive Statistics except for a. mode b. median c. range d. mean e. statistical significance

answer

E

question

The method of data evaluation that will allow you to determine how frequently each score in a data set occurs is the _____.

answer

frequency distribution

question

All of the following are measures of central tendency except a. correlation coefficient b. mode c. median d. range e. mean

answer

A

question

In a given data set, N represents _____.

answer

the number of participants in the data set

question

The _____ represents the average distance of a set of scores from the mean of data.

answer

standard deviation

question

If a set of data has a relatively low variability, this means that the scores in the data set are _____.

answer

closely clustered around the mean

question

In a normal distribution (bell curve), what percentage of scores fall within one standard deviation from the mean?

answer

68%

question

If a study resulted in a p < .50, we could generally say that the results of the study are _____.

answer

likely due to chance

question

Inferential Statistics can be used to determine _____.

answer

if the results from a study are due to chance

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