Psychology Chapters 1 & 2 – Flashcards
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William James was the ________.
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first American psychologist
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Psychoanalytic theory focuses on ______ and early childhood experiences.
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a person's unconscious
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According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to _______.
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study the function of behavior
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What is the number one occupation employing graduates with a BA in psychology?
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mid- and top-level management
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Which theorist had the most influence in shaping how clinicians interact with people seeking psychotherapy?
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Carl Rogers
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According to Sigmund Freud, all of the following represent ways to access the unconscious mind except through ______.
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the use of reinforcement and punishment
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Which of the following is a reason that Gestalt psychology did not become more popular in the United States?
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European psychology is not as rigorous as American psychology
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Which of the following exemplifies a personality trait?
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Ida is charming
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What was the primary conclusion of Stanley Milgram' obedience research?
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Average people will harm others if told to do so by an authority figure
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Which of the following is a feminist criticism of the science of psychology?
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Male psychologists do not pay enough attention to relationships
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Trephination is the ________.
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procedure where a large hole is created in the forehead so that evil spirits can escape
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Which of the following would be difficult to assess using empirical research?
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whether the id, ego, or superego is most responsible for emotional reactions
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of a good hypothesis?
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It is complex
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Which of the following is a criticism of evolutionary psychology?
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It ignores non-genetic factors in determining human behavior
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A(n) _________ is a chamber that isolates the subject from the external environment.
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Skinner box
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________ is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.
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humanism
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Critical thinking is __________.
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applying a set of skills to understand and evaluate information
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Which of the following defines hypothesis?
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tentative explanation
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Psychology refers to the ________.
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scientific study of the mind
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Which of the following refers to the broad explanation or group of explanations for some aspect of the natural world that is consistently supported by evidence over time?
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scientific theory
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Psychology is a social science discipline. Psychologists scientifically study _________.
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the mind and behavior
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Josh wants to conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, and what type of environment results in high levels of employee productivity and efficiency. Josh should conduct research in the area of ______ psychology.
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industrial-organizational
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When studying personality traits, someone who is calm, even-tempered, and secure will score low on the _____ trait.
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neuroticism
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Which of the following is an example of research someone might conduct in the area of health psychology?
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whether people working at a desk are more likely to be obese
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The empirical method of study is based on ______.
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observation
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When was psychology accepted as an academic discipline?
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1800s
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Which of the following psychologists was a behaviorist?
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John Watson
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Behaviorists study ________.
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learned behavior
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What is a PsyD?
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Doctor of Psychology
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Who was the first person referred to as a psychologist?
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William Wundt
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Introspection referes to a process by which someone examines _______ as objectively as possible.
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another person's consciousness
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Which of the following psychologists was a behaviorist?
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John Watson
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For a scientific explanation to be testable, it must also be ________.
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perceivable and measurable
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Which of the following exemplifies the empirical method?
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Dr. Sarkeesian observes and records how watching cartoons influences heart rates
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Char heard from her friends that marijuana can cure glaucoma so it should be legal in all 50 states. Char knows that she is biased in favor of marijuana legalization, so she decides to exercise some skepticism about this claim. She researches where her friends got their information, how reliable it is, and what other sources say about legalizing marijuana. Char is ________.
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thinking critically
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Guillermo spends some time each day applying the principles of structuralism to examine his own conscious experience as carefully as possible Guillermo is engaged in _______.
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introspection
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Behaviorists all focus on _______.
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physiological responses that result in action
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What should be changed to make the following statement true? Jean Piaget is famous for his theories regarding changes in emotional ability that occur as we move from infancy to adulthood.
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The word "emotional" should be changed to the word "cognitive"
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Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ________.
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the operation of the whole mind rather than the individual parts
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The belief that strange behavior is linked to the occurrence of a full moon is an example of a(n) ______.
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illusory correlation
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Spurling et al. investigated the effects of two vocabulary learning strategies on word retention two weeks later. In this example, learning strategy is the _____ variable and word retention is the ______ variable.
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independent; dependent
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A(n) _______ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena.
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theory
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Which correlation coefficient best represents a moderate relationship showing fewer anxiety symptoms in people who report higher life satisfaction?
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-0.5
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Krista and Tatiana Hogan area participants in a(n) _______ of conjoined twins who are joined at the head.
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case study
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In a ______ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments.
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double-blind
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Lesley, a sociology major, believes that money is the key to happiness. Her friend Stephen, a psychology major, believes that good health is the key to happiness. How might the two friends resolve their disagreement?
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They could research peer- reviewed articles to see if either perspective is supported
