Psychology: Chapter 16 – Flashcards

Which of the following statements is true about antidepressants? A) They calm the physiological symptoms of anxiety by bringing down heart rate, blood pressure, and rate of breathing. B) They can treat or prevent panic attacks in high-anxiety situations. C) They appear to help people disengage from the repetitive cycle of anxiety-provoking thoughts. D) They soothe the agitation of anxiety, especially for people who suffer from panic attacks.

Mike has acrophobia, an extreme fear of heights. His therapist is going to attempt to help him resolve his fear by using flooding. Which of the following is the therapist most likely planning for Mike? A) The therapist is going to pair relaxation with gradual exposure to high places. B) The therapist is going to find him a job in a building where he doesn't need to be on a high floor. C) The therapist is going to show him movies of people high up on rooftops, having fun. D) The therapist is going to take him to the top of a 40-story building and make him look down.

Geri, who is schizophrenic, experiences a cluster of adverse side effects from taking antipsychotics. Her symptoms include involuntary facial movements and body tremors. Geri is most likely to have developed a condition called _____. A) countertransference B) tardive dyskinesia C) bulimia nervosa D) post-traumatic stress disorder

Which of the following is true of systematic desensitization? A) In systematic desensitization, the therapist generates a hierarchy of increasing contact with the feared object, ranging from mild to extreme. B) Systematic desensitization is a rarely used application of behavior therapy that is not very effective in treating phobias. C) In systematic desensitization, the therapist pairs operant conditioning with intensive exposure to a phobic object. D) Systematic desensitization involves two levels of exposure to a phobic object: conscious and unconscious.

Which of the following statements is true of optogenetics? A) It offers much less precise control of mood and behavior when compared to drug therapies. B) It has been used in various mental health-related applications, such as treating obsessive compulsive disorder. C) It uses a combination of drug therapy and genetics to manipulate the activity of individual neurons. D) It mainly focuses on identifying risk factors for disorders and targeting at-risk populations.

In an effort to get him to clean his bedroom, Zack's mother gave him a gold star every time he cleaned it. Each time he earned five stars, he was able to trade them in for a new toy. Now his room is usually clean. In this case, Zack's mother has used _____. A) a psychodynamic technique B) token economies C) unconditional positive regard D) cognitive flooding

Which of the following is true of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)? A) It is a long-term treatment that has been applied to few psychological disorders. B) It helps clients change the way they evaluate potential emotional threats. C) It focuses on changing behavior, not thoughts. D) It discourages reappraisal, which entails reexamining a situation that was previously seen as stressful.

Which of the following is true about group therapies? A) Group therapies entail restructuring thoughts and loosening the client's belief in irrational thoughts that may perpetuate the disorder. B) In group therapies, the presence of other people with the same problem often adds to the feelings of isolation. C) Group therapies often follow a structured process, with clear treatment goals such as learning to overcome social anxiety disorder. D) In group therapies, therapists apply the principles of classical and operant conditioning to treat psychological disorders.

Which of the following is performed in a radical procedure known as prefrontal lobotomy? A) A portion of the left hemisphere of an individual's brain is entirely removed. B) Connections between the prefrontal cortex and the lower portion of the brain are severed. C) Connections between the occipital lobe and upper portion of the brain are severed. D) The right visual pathway is rewired to be processed by the right hemisphere.

Which of the following best explains the prevailing view that existed for years, dubbed as the dopamine hypothesis? A) Dopamine is less associated with anticipatory desire and motivation. B) Schizophrenia resulted from an excess of dopamine in the brain. C) Dopamine increases the influence of the indirect pathway within the basal ganglia. D) Sociability is closely tied to dopamine neurotransmission.

Dolareen suffers from cynophobia, which is an abnormal fear of dogs. Her therapist is treating her with systematic desensitization, which means that the therapist is ___________________. A) pairing relaxation with gradual exposure to dogs B) hypnotizing her to be unafraid of dogs C) transferring her fear of dogs to a fear of cats D) reducing her real-world contact with dogs

Juan is entering group therapy for treatment of his alcoholism. Which of the following can he expect during the therapy? A) A structured process B) Conditioned flooding C) Systematic desensitization D) Electroconvulsive therapy

Which of the following is a potentially exciting future therapy for psychological disorders? A) The regulation of specific genes involved in various mental disorders B) The passing of electric current through a person's brain to treat depression C) The exposure of specific brain structures to bursts of high-intensity magnetic fields D) The use virtual environments to create therapeutic situations for treating phobias

In the context of drug therapies, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors work by: A) binding with random receptor sites on the postsynaptic neuron to stimulate the firing of that neuron. B) releasing serotonin from the postsynaptic neuron into the synapse. C) creating a synaptic gap between receptors and presynaptic neuron. D) inhibiting the reuptake process of serotonin and allowing more serotonin to bind with the postsynaptic neuron.

Which of the following was shown to be the most effective combination treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder? A) Drug and behavioral therapies B) Cognitive and associative therapies C) Group and classical conditioning therapies D) Dialectical and evidence-based therapies

Which of the following statements is true about traditional antipsychotics? A) Traditional antipsychotics are considered to be the first line of treatment for anxiety disorders. B) Clozapine, olanzapine, and risperidone are examples of traditional antipsychotics. C) Tardive dyskinesia is a particularly problematic side effect of traditional antipsychotics. D) Traditional antipsychotics have the same side effects as atypical antipsychotics.

Which of the following is true about cognitive therapy? A) In cognitive therapy, the therapist applies the principles of classical and operant conditioning to treat psychological disorders. B) In cognitive therapy, the therapist helps the client identify irrational thought patterns and then challenges these thoughts. C) In cognitive therapy, several people who share a common problem all meet regularly with a therapist to help themselves and one another D) In cognitive therapy, the therapist focuses more on symptom relief than major personality change

Which of the following is true with respect to the effectiveness of SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants in treating depression? A) SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants have less effect when given in high doses. B) While tricyclic antidepressants are effective, they cannot be given in combination with SSRIs. C) SSRIs and tricyclics show comparable effectiveness in the treatment of depression. D) MAO inhibitors are more effective than a combination of SSRIs and tricyclic antidepressants.

Which of the following is a function of phenothiazines? A) They bind with serotonin-specific receptor sites on the postsynaptic neuron to stimulate the firing of that neuron. B) They stabilize the mania associated with bipolar disorder. C) They block dopamine receptors in the brain. D) They are used in chronic pain management and to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Which of the following is true about behavior therapies? A) In behavior therapies, the client recounts the dream and then tries to take one image or idea and say whatever comes to mind, regardless of how threatening, disgusting, or troubling it may be. B) Behavior therapies hold that people have mental health problems because there is a gap between who they are and who they would ideally like to be. C) Behavior therapies focus on changing behavior, rather than thoughts, feelings, or motives. D) Operant conditioning is a widely used application of behavior therapy that is especially effective for treating simple phobias.

Garrett is taking a phenothiazine as prescribed by his psychiatrist. Which of the following clusters of symptoms is his psychiatrist most likely attempting to treat? A) Anxiety and apprehensive expectations B) Hallucinations, confusion, and paranoia C) Loss of energy, motivation, and enjoyment of life D) Amnesia and loss of identity

In the context of drug therapies, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors treat depression by: A) decreasing the brain's production of glutamate. B) decreasing the brain's production of acetylcholine. C) increasing the availability of serotonin in the brain. D) increasing the availability of GABA in the brain.

Under which of the following circumstances is electroconvulsive therapy used? A) To treat chronic mild anxiety nonresponsive to drug therapy B) To reduce seizures in epileptics C) To treat depression when other treatments have failed D) To reduce stress related to acute insomnia

Mallory, a compulsive gambler, regularly attends therapeutic meetings in which there is a group facilitator and an open format. Although there are no formal program goals, she says she benefits greatly from the sense of community offered by people who share common situations in life. Nancy is attending _____. A) cognitive therapy B) a formal gathering C) a support group D) behavioral therapy

Malik does not get along with his female supervisor. His psychotherapist observes that Malik relates to his supervisor the way he does to his youngest sister, who died a couple of months ago. In the context of psychotherapy, Malik is experiencing _____. A) repression B) transference C) manifest content D) motion parallax

Sonya's physician prescribed Valium for her. Tonya most likely has ___________________. A) depression B) bipolar disorder C) anxiety D) no energy

Damian has a thinking pattern that gives rise to stressful thoughts. This often results in long periods of depressed moods. This type of thinking is called _____ thinking. A) psychogenic B) compulsive C) obsessive D) depressogenic

Jason, who has borderline personality disorder, is undergoing treatment that combines cognitive-behavioral therapy with mindfulness training. His therapy sessions are both individual and group. They focus on helping him develop a nonjudgmental attitude toward himself. Which of the following therapies is Jason most likely undergoing? A) Dissociative therapy B) Client-centered therapy C) Dialectical behavior therapy D) Psychoanalytic therapy

Dr. Barbara combines techniques from humanistic, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and psychoanalytic therapies in the treatment of her phobia patients. Dr. Barbara's approach is called ___________________. A) free association B) cognitive dissonance C) Freudian therapy D) integrated therapy

One of the major problems in treating schizophrenia is: A) monitoring psychological changes in patients on drug therapy. B) decreasing depressive symptoms with atypical antipsychotics. C) the non-availability of drugs to effectively treat positive symptoms. D) persuading patients to continue taking the medication.

Jason, who has borderline personality disorder, is undergoing treatment that combines cognitive-behavioral therapy with mindfulness training. His therapy sessions are both individual and group. They focus on helping him develop a nonjudgmental attitude toward himself. Which of the following therapies is Jason most likely undergoing? Dissociative therapy Client-centered therapy Dialectical behavior therapy Psychoanalytic therapy

Dr. Barbara combines techniques from humanistic, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and psychoanalytic therapies in the treatment of her phobia patients. Dr. Barbara's approach is called ___________________. free association cognitive dissonance Freudian therapy integrated therapy