psychology chap 2 – Flashcards
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psychologists who specialize in considering the ways in which the biological structures and functions of the body affect behavior are known as: genetic psychologists biopsychologists evolutionary psychologists clinical neuropsychologists
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biopsychologists
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the basic elements of the nervous system are called axons glial cells neurons neurotransmitters
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neurons
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neurons are physically held in place by: axons glial cells dendrites myelin cells
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glial cells
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a cluster of fibers at one end of a neuron that receives messages from other neurons is called axon terminal button glial fiber dendrite
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dendrite
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an axon is a(n) neuron's cell body cluster of fibers at one end of a neuron support cell in the nervous system long, slim, tubelike structure extending from a neuron
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long, slim, tube-like structure extending from a neuron
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which of the following terms describes the organization of the nervous system today linear recursive hierarchical random
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hierarchical
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the branch of psychology that seeks to identify behavior patterns that are a result of our genetic inheritance from our ancestors is known as: social psychology health psychology clinical psychology evolutionary psychology
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evolutionary psychology
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evolutionary psychologists have spawn a new and increasingly influential field;it studies the effects of heredity on how people conduct themselves social psychology health psychology molecular genetics behavioral genetics
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behavioral genetics
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the part of the brain that controls bodily balance is the: hypothalamus thalamus reticular formation cerebellum
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cerebellum
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the part of the brain extending from the medulla through the pons and made up of groups of nerve cells that can immediately activate other parts of the brain to produce general bodily arousal is known as the: reticular formation thalamus cerebellum limbic system
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reticular formaiton
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the structures of the _______________ jointly control a variety of basic functions relating to emotions and self-preservation such as eating, aggression, and reproduction central core of the brain endocrine system limbic system cerebral cortex
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limbic system
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the _______ ______ is referred to as the "new brain" hindbrain limbic system cerebral cortex central core
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cerebral cortex
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the ______ area is part of the cortex that is largely responsible for the body's voluntary movement. attribution sensory motor association
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motor
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the ______ area is the site in the brain of the tissue that corresponds to each of the senses, with the degree of sensitivity related to the amount of tissue attribution sensory motor association
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sensory
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the visual area in the cortex is located in the: frontal lobe occipital lobe temporal lobe parietal lobe
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occipital lobe
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the brain and the spinal cord constitute the _________ nervous system central peripheral extraneous parasympathetic
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central
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________________ is an automatic, involuntary response to an incoming stimulus action potential intuition instinct reflex
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reflex
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_______________ are neurons that connect sensory and motor neurons, carrying messages between the two mirror neurons amphid neurons interneurons autoneurons
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interneurons
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____________ _______ is the part of the peripheral nervous system that specializes in the control of voluntary movements and the communication of information to and from the sense organs somatic division sympathetic division parasympathetic division autonomic division
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somatic division
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the part of the the autonomic division of the nervous system tha acts to prepare the body for action in stressful situations, engaging all the organism's resources to respond to a threat is known as the: somatic division sympathetic division parasympathetic division apathetic division
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sympathetic division
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the "fight-or-flight" response is associated with the _________ division somatic sympathetic parasympathetic apathetic division
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sympathetic
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which of the following structures is especially important for carrying messages received by the dendrites to other neurons? neurotransmitter synapse axon glial cell
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axon
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_______ _______ is a protective coat of fat and protein that wraps around the axon myelin sheath glial cell dendrite synapse
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myelin sheath
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________________ is the space between two neurons where the axon of a sending neuron communicates with the dendrites of a receiving neuron by using chemical messages synapse terminal button axon cell body
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synapse
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the re-absorption of neurotransmitters by a terminal button is termed as: recycling reassertion reuptake reuse
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reuptake
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the neurotransmitter dopamine is involved in the brain's effort to deal with pain Alzheimer's disease the regulation of sleep, eating, mood and pain movement, attention, and learning
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movement, attention, and learning
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the brain injury suffered by 19th-century railroad workers Phineas Gage allowed psychologists to learn about the functions of the brain's: association areas central core limbic system sensory areas
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association areas
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Mrs. Simon has learned to lessen the pain associated with her migraine headaches by voluntarily relaxing specific muscles and reducing her blood pressure. This example illustrates: deep-brain stimulation biofeedback split-brain control transcranial stimulation
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biofeedback
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Alison has developed an interest in the ways in which the biological structures and functions of the body. She will most likely become a (n) genetic psychologist behavioral psychologist evolutionary psychologist clinical neuropsychologist
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behavioral neuroscientist
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Brent is taking part in an experiment in the cognitive neuroscience lab on campus. Silently, he reads rapid sequence of words flashed on a computer screen. Simultaneously, the electrical activity of his brain is recorded through skull electrodes. The brain scanning technique used in this study is fMRI PET EEG TMS
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EEG
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Yves has been drinking. He has difficulty walking a straight line when asked to do so by a police officer. Apparently, Yves' ______ is functioning poorly thalamus cerebellum corpus callosum corpus callosum reticular formation
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cerebellum
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The study of the effects of heredity on how people conduct themselves is known as behavioral genetics classical genetics development genetics molecular genetics
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behavioral genetics
