Psychology Ch 8 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Down syndrome is a disorder that
answer
produces moderate to severe developmental delay as well as some physical abnormalities
question
Mental activity that goes on in the brain when a person is processing information-organizing it, understanding it, and communicating it to others- is termed
answer
thinking or cognition
question
When people are asked to say how many windows they have in their dwelling, the amount of time people take to come up with the answer
answer
depends on the number of windows
question
In Kosslyn's "imaginary island" study, researchers found that it does take longer to view a mental image that
answer
is larger or covers more distance than one that is smaller and more compact
question
Kosslyn asked subjects if frogs have lips and a stubby tail. What did the subjects report?
answer
The visualized a frog, and mentally rotated the image to look for the stubby tail
question
Don tells Ray he wants to get a new sports car. Ray immediately understands why, because he is familiar with the common characteristics of sports care and knows what makes them different from family cars. Ray is using mental categories called
answer
concepts
question
Compared to formal concepts learned in science and math, natural concepts tend to be
answer
fuzzy with unclear boundaries
question
What systematic problem solving method guarantees a solution, provided that one exists?
answer
Algorithmic method
question
Sally is enrolled in a high school geometry course, which she describes as drawing figures and figuring drawings. In a typical class, students draw geometric figures and use a formula to calculate an aspect of the figure such as its area. Each time Sally uses a formula she is making use of what psychologists call
answer
algorithms
question
In problem solving, the terms rule of thumb refers to
answer
heuristics
question
The difference between the Deep Blue chess playing program and the Deep Junior one was that
answer
Deep Junior used algorithms, whereas Deep Blue used heuristics
question
A loose screw on the visor causes it to drop down while Ben drives......What problem solving difficulty did Ben overcome?
answer
functional fixedness
question
Agatha Harkness- Smythe is determined to ban guns in the US. Agatha is demonstrating
answer
confirmation bias
question
Which type of thinking is mos closely related to creativity?
answer
divergent
question
The divergent thinking technique of starting with a central idea and drawing a map with lines from the center to other related ideas and the forming a mental image of the concepts and their connections is known as
answer
mind or subject mapping
question
Measuring intelligence by testing is a rather new concept in the history of the world. The idea of such testing came from
answer
France
question
Alfred Binet designed the first ________ test
answer
intelligence
question
Which of the following tests would be bested suited to an 8 year old child?
answer
WISC-III
question
What percent of the population has an intelligence quotient below 100?
answer
50 percent
question
Rochelle is 38 years old, but her mental ability is measured as that of a second grade child. Rochelle would be classified as _________ developmentally delayed
answer
Moderately
question
Which of these is an element of the formal definition of mental retardation?
answer
adaptive behavior severely low
question
Which classification of developmental delay affects most of the population classified in this fashion?
answer
mild
question
Which of the following is a true statement?
answer
The mildly retarded can reach the 6th grade level and live independently
question
People are termed gifted in terms of intelligence if their IQ score is about
answer
130
question
What percentage of the population is described as gifted, according to IQ standards?
answer
2 percent
question
The first true longitudinal study of the effects of giftedness on social success was conducted by
answer
Terman
question
Having a high IQ doesn't always guarantee success. The most successful were
answer
more goal oriented and persistent
question
What did Terman's groundbreaking study of gifted children accomplish?
answer
It put to rest the myths that existed about genius in the early part of the 20th century
question
Sternberg has found that ______ intelligence is a good predictor of success in life but has a low relationship to ________ intelligence.
answer
Practical; analytical
question
Howard Gardner and Robert Sternberg agree to be interviewed together on the topic of intelligence. At the end of the interview, what do you conclude is their major point of agreement?
answer
Standardized tests do not assess the many facets of intelligence
question
According to Robert Sternberg, _______ is the ability to deal with new and different concepts and to come up with new ways of solving problems
answer
creative intelligence
question
Shalissa is described as being tactful and able to manipulate situations to her advantage. She is probably high in
answer
practical intelligence
question
Gardener's theory of multiple intelligence's divides intelligence into ________ independent abilities.
answer
nine
question
A group of psychologists reviews the literature on the heritability of intelligence. They conclude that most of the estimates indicate that _____ percent of intelligence is due to genetics.
answer
50
question
Most researchers who study the role of race and IQ testing have concluded that
answer
although differences between ethnic and radial groups on standardized IQ tests may be demonstrated
question
Language is based on universal sound units called
answer
phonemes
question
How many phonemes are in the English language?
answer
35-40
question
The system of rules that governs how we assign meaning to the morphemes we use is called
answer
semantics
question
The practical aspects of communicating with others, or the social "niceties" of language, are referred to as
answer
pragmatics
question
You are learning Russian in preparation for a trip next summer...Which of the following aspects of language is giving you trouble?
answer
phonemes
question
Researchers have found that ______ influenced by culture.
answer
both language and thought are
