Psychology Ch. 8 – Flashcards
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The persistence of learning over time most clearly depends on:
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memory
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Which measure of memory retention assesses the ability to draw information out of storage and into conscious awareness?
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recall
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The process of encoding refers to
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getting information into memory
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The retention of encoded information over time refers to:
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storage
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The integration of new incoming information with knowledge retrieved from long-term memory involves the activity of:
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working memory
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Encoding that requires attention and conscious awareness is called:
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effortful processing
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Consciously repeating the name of a new classmate you want to remember illustrates
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effortful processing
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Implicit memory is to explicit memory as ________ is to ________.
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automatic processing; effortful processing
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The address for obtaining tickets to a popular quiz show flashes on the TV screen, but the image disappears before Sergei has had a chance to write down the complete address. To his surprise, however, he has retained a momentary mental image of the five-digit zip code. His experience best illustrates ________ memory.
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iconic
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The ability to retain more information after sleep and to be a creative problem solver has been found to be most closely associated with a large ________ memory capacity.
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working
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Damage to the hippocampus would most likely interfere with a person's ability to learn:
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the names of newly introduced people
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Joshua vividly recalls his feelings and what he was doing at the exact moment when he heard of his grandfather's unexpected death. This best illustrates ________ memory.
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flashbulb
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Words heard underwater are later better recalled underwater than on land. This best illustrates
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context-dependent memory
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Because her memory trace has faded, Dr. Jordan remembers much less about the organic chemistry that she once learned well as a medical student. Her memory loss best illustrates
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storage decay
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Arnold so easily remembers his old girlfriend's phone number that he finds it difficult to recall his new girlfriend's number. Arnold's difficulty best illustrates
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proactive interference
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Whenever he feels sexually jealous, David is flooded with painful memories of instances when he thought his girlfriend was flirting with other men. David's experience best illustrates
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mood-congruent memory
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In the study led by Elizabeth Loftus, two groups of observers were asked how fast two cars had been going in a filmed traffic accident. Observers who heard the vividly descriptive word "smashed" in relation to the accident later recalled
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broken glass at the scene of the accident
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Many of the research participants who were asked how fast two cars in a filmed traffic accident were going when they smashed into each other subsequently recalled seeing broken glass at the scene of the accident. This experiment best illustrated
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the misinformation effect
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Research on young children's false eyewitness recollections has indicated that
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it is surprisingly difficult for both children and professional interviewers to reliably separate the children's true memories from false memories.
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To help resolve the controversy over reports of repressed memories of sexual abuse, the major psychological and psychiatric associations suggest that
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adult memories of experiences happening before age 3 are unreliable
