Psychology Ch. 4-6 Test Final Exam Review – Flashcards

question
We spend most of our lives in ____, which is organized, meaningful, and clear. a. waking consciousness b. an altered state of consciousness
answer
a. waking consciousness
question
Each of us will spend approximately _____ years of life asleep. a. 5 b. 15 c. 20 d. 25
answer
d. 25
question
Which of the following statements about humans during sleep is FALSE? a. we are totally unresponsive b. we can perform very simple tasks. c. we cannot learn complex skills
answer
a. we are totally unresponsive
question
Sleep a. is an innate biological rhythm b. is necessary for life c. may give way temporarily in times of great danger d. is characterized by all of these
answer
d. is characterized by all of these
question
Any repeating cycle of biological activity, such as sleep and waking cycles or changes in body temperature, is known as a a. biological rhythm b. conensation c. REM rebound d. ASC
answer
a. biological rhythm
question
You are struggling to stay awake while driving and realize that you may have "dozed off" for a few seconds. This shift in your brain activity is called a. a sleep spindle b. a microsleep c. somnambulism d. a sensory deprivation
answer
a. a sleep spindle
question
Most symptopms of sleep deprivation a. are reversed by a single night's rest b. require a long period of best rest for recovery c. are irreversible d. can be prevented by consuming caffeine
answer
a. are reversed by a single night's rest
question
The symptoms of a temporary sleep-deprivation psychosis include a. sudden, irresitable, daytime sleep attacks. b. hallucinations, delusions, and disorientation c. episodes of sleep walking and sleep talking d. all of these
answer
b. hallucinations, delusions, and disorientation
question
The ordering and duration of daily sleep and waking periods are known as a. meridian rhythms b. sleep patterns c. REM cycles
answer
b. sleep patterns
question
Midafternoon sleepiness a. is a natural part of the sleep cycle b. should not occur after infancy c. indicated that the person is getting poor quality of sleep at night
answer
a. is a natural part of the sleep cycle
question
Sleep activity is usually measure using a a. EEG b. MRI c. PET scanner d. fetoscope
answer
a. EEG
question
Which waves are characteristic of Stage 1 or light sleep? a. beta waves b. large regular waves with some sleep spindles c. small irregular waves with some alpha waves
answer
c. small irregular waves with some alpha waves
question
As the muscles in your body relax during Stage 1 sleep, the reflex muscle contraction that may happen is called a. an autonomic cramp b. a hypnic jerk c. restless leg syndrome d. hypnogogic image syndrome
answer
b. a hypnic jerk
question
Which stage of sleep typically has sleep spindles? a. first b. second c. third d. fourth
answer
b. second
question
Stage 3 NREM and Stage 4 NREM a. occur mostly during the last half of the night b. are called paradoxical sleep c. consist mostly of beta waves and a few sleep spindles d. show delta waves
answer
d. show delta waves
question
A loud noise awakens you; you emerge from sleep confused and do not remember the noise. You were in which stage of sleep? a. stage 1 b. stage 2 c. stage 3 d. stage 4
answer
d. stage 4
question
After spending some time in stage 4, the sleeper a. returns to stage 3, then stage 2, then stage 1 b. returns directly to stage 2 c. returns directly to stage 1 d. awakens directly from stage 4
answer
a. returns to stage 3, then stage 2, then stage 1
question
REM is the acronym that stands for a. retinal equilibrium motion b. random eye movement c. rapid eye movement d. retinal eye motion
answer
c. rapid eye movement
question
NREM sleep consists of a. stages 1 & 2 b. stages 3 & 4 c. stage 1, 2, and 3 sleep only d. stages 1, 2, 3, and 4 sleep
answer
d. stages 1, 2, 3, and 4 sleep
question
The disorder that is characterized by a failure of normal muscle paralysis, leading to violent actions during REM sleep, is called a. periodic limb movement syndrome b. restless legs syndrome c. REM behavior disorder d. sleep terror disorder
answer
c. REM behavior disorder
question
Jet lag and changes in shift work would most likely precipitate which sleep disturbances? a. narcolepsy b. sleep apnea c. sleep drunkenness d. sleep-wake schedule disorder
answer
d. sleep-wake schedule disorder
question
A person suffering from insomnia has a sleep problem characterized by a. difficulty in going and staying sleep b. sudden, irresistible attacks of sleepiness c. night terrors and sleep talking
answer
a. difficulty in going and staying sleep
question
Nonprescription sleeping pills a. have little or no sleep-inducing effects b. are highly effective and a wiser choice than barbiturates c. are somewhat effective, but not as helpful as barbiturates
answer
a. have little or no sleep-inducing effects
question
Lindsay is having trouble going to sleep. Which food would be recommended for her to eat or drink if she wanted to increase her intake of tryptophan? a. a baked potato b. a hamburger c. orange juice d. a glass of red wine
answer
a. a baked potato
question
Narcolepsy refers to a. sudden irresistible sleep attacks b. excessive daytime sleepiness c. vivid, recurrent nightmares
answer
a. sudden irresistible sleep attacks
question
Sleep apnea refers to a. vivid recurrent nightmares b. breathing problems during sleep c. excessive daytime sleepiness
answer
b. breathing problems during sleep
question
A relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience is the definition of a. reinforcement b. introspection c. learning
answer
c. learning
question
a _____ is any event that increases the probability that a response will occur again. a. antecedent b. consequences c. feedback d. reinforcement
answer
d. reinforcement
question
A student does a good job on math problems for homework, and the teacher awards a sticker. This demonstrates the use of a. extinction b. reinforcement c. spontaneous recovery d. antecedents
answer
b. reinforcement
question
Events that precede a response are called _______, while events that follow a response are called ________. a. antecedents; consequences b. consequences; antecedents c. rewards; punishers d. primary events; secondary events
answer
a. antecedents; consequences
question
A ____ is an automatic, non-learned response. a. antecedent b. reflex c. consequences d. reinforcer
answer
b. reflex
question
Blinking your eye to a puff of air would be a good example of a a. antecedent b. reflex c. precursor d. secondary reinforcer
answer
b. reflex
question
Classical conditioning is based on ______, while operant conditioning is based on _____. a. the consequences of making a response; what happens before we respond b. what happens before we respond; the consequences of making a response c. the reinforcements the organism receives; punishments to organism receives
answer
b. what happens before we respond; the consequences of making a response
question
Pavlov's most famous experiment involved teaching dogs to _____ to a new stimulus. a. salivate b. blink c. bark d. regurgitate
answer
a. salivate
question
Another name for classical conditioning is a. operant conditioning b. Pavlovian conditioning c. respondent conditioning d. both Pavlovian and respondent conditioning
answer
d. both Pavlovian and respondent conditioning
question
In Pavlov's experiments, the meat powder (food) placed on the dog's tongue was the a. conditioned stimulus b. unconditioned stimulus c. conditioned response d. unconditioned response
answer
b. unconditioned stimulus
question
In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, the unconditioned response was the a.food b. bell c. salivation to the food d. salivation to the bell
answer
c. salivation to the food
question
The unconditioned stimulus, by definition, leads to a a. conditioned response b. conditioned stimulus c. unconditioned response d. classic response
answer
c. unconditioned response
question
After pairing the CS and US in a series of conditioning trials, the organism learn to respond to the CS alone. This learned behavior is then termed the a. neutral stimulus b. conditioned stimulus c. conditioned response d. unconditioned response
answer
c. conditioned response
question
The weakening of a conditioned response through removal of reinforcement is known as a. stimulus generalization b. extinction c. spontaneous recovery d. stimulus discrimination
answer
b. extinction
question
In a classic experiment, Little Albert, a very young boy, was conditioned to be afraid of a white rat. He also became fearful of whit furry rabbits and bearded men. This is an example of a. stimulus discrimination b. stimulus generalization c. extinction d. shaping
answer
b. stimulus generalization
question
A _____ is a fear that persists even when no realistic danger exists. a. compulstion b. unconditioned reaction c. phobia d. neurosis
answer
c. phobia
question
a therapy widely used to extinguish fears and phobias is called a. positive transference b. response reconditioning c. desensitization d. insight therapy
answer
c. desensitization
question
How does a child raised in the city learn to fear snakes and respond emotionally to mere pictures of them? a. the child was told repeatedly that "snakes are dangerous" b. the child observed other reacting forcefully to the word snake or to snake images on television c. the child, like all humans, has an innate fear of snakes and other reptiles
answer
b. the child observed other reacting forcefully to the word snake or to snake images on television c. the child, like all h
question
In _______, we associate responses with their consequences. a. respondent conditioning b. classical conditioning c. operant conditioning d. Pavlovian conditioning
answer
c. operant conditioning
question
In Thorndike's law of effect, events critical for conditioning a. occur after the response b. occur before the response c. occur simultaneously with the response d. are unrelated to the response except during extinction
answer
a. occur after the response
question
Responses that are reinforced and tend to be repeated illustrate a. stimulus control b. operant conditioning c. generalization d. disrimination
answer
b. operant conditioning
question
Which form of learning would most likely be studied in a Skinner box? a. classical conditioning b. operant conditioning c. conditioned emotional responses
answer
b. operant conditioning
question
Your niece has a temper tantrum in the store when she is shopping. If you buy her a toy you are a. being practical b. being kind c. encouraging more tantrums d. discouraging more destructive behaviors
answer
c. encouraging more tantrums
question
Reinforcement is most effective a. if it is displayed b. when it is immediate c. when is it delivered randomly d. when it follows a long chain of responses
answer
b. when it is immediate
question
Through _______, learned responses that are not reinforced gradually fade away. a. intermittent fading b. counter-conditoning c. operant extinction
answer
c. operant extinction
question
Ms. Campbell gives her students a star for every completed homework assignment. The star serves as a a. positing reinforcer b. negative reinforcer c. primary reinforcer d. response cost
answer
a. positing reinforcer
question
Memory is often characterized as being similar to a computer because a. long-term memories are exact copies, like files on a hard drive b. memories are encoded, stores, and later retrieved c. the space available for the storage of memory is finite d. computers and the human mind process information in a serial fashion.
answer
b. memories are encoded, stores, and later retrieved
question
You are taking a psychology test and are trying to remember what you studied. The memory process being used when you try to remember the psychology material is a. encoding b. feedback c. storage rehearsal d. retrieval
answer
d. retrieval
question
The three stages of memory IN ORDER are a. eidetic memory, sensory memory, long-term memory b. sensory memory, short term memory, long term memory c. short term memory, working memory, longterm memory
answer
b. sensory memory, short term memory, long term memory
question
The image that persists for about one-half second after being seen is a a. engram b. echo c. icon d. illusion
answer
c. icon
question
Things that are heard are held as a brief ______ in the sensory register. a. echo b. icon c. image d. engram
answer
a. echo
question
Short-term memories are MOST often stored a. phonetically b. visually c. iconically d. episodically
answer
d. episodically
question
Which of the following is TRUE of short-term memory? a. STM has an unlimited storage capacity b. STM deals with information for longer periods of time, usually for a least 30 minutes. c. STM is seriously affected by any interruption or interference
answer
c. STM is seriously affected by any interruption or interference
question
Whenever you are doing mental arithmetic, planning a meal, or reading a book, you are using a. procedural memory b. working memory c. eidetic memory d. implicit memory
answer
b. working memory
question
Information in long-term memory is generally stored on the basis of a. visual images b. meaning and importance c. how the words sound d. patterns of visual and auditory images
answer
b. meaning and importance
question
Long-term memory a. has an unlimited storage capacity b. is often referred to as working memory c. usually retains to as working memory d. in consider eidetic for most people
answer
a. has an unlimited storage capacity
question
You are being assessed by a psychologist. On one of the tests, you are asked to correctly repeat a list of numbers that the psychologist calls out to you. You are being administered the _______ test. a. eidetic memory b. phonetic memory c. implicit memory d. digit-span
answer
d. digit-span
question
George Millers "magic number" ______ (plus or minus two) represents the average number of "bits" of information that short-term memory can usually handle. a. three b. six c. seven d. nine
answer
c. seven
question
Organizing information into larger units as a way of improving the efficiency of short-term memory is called a. chunking (recording) b. metamorphosis c. verbal labeling d. symbolization (imaging)
answer
a. chunking (recording)
question
Pseudo memories are a. those memories recalled after amnesia b. false memories resulting from constructive processing c. delusions associated with mental illness
answer
b. false memories resulting from constructive processing
question
Episodic memories a. are not as easily forgotten as semantic memories b. include a time and a place within the memory c. are characterized by both
answer
b. include a time and a place within the memory
question
You and you husband go to the movies. About 20 minutes into the movie, he asks you who that actress is that just came on the screen and if she is on some television show you watch. You know her name but you just cannot recall it. This illustrates a. the savings score b. suppression state c. encoding failure d. the tip-of-the-tongue state
answer
d. the tip-of-the-tongue state
question
When learning an ordered list of words, the _____ items are neither held in short-term memory nor moved to long-term memory, so they are often lost. a. first b. middle c. last d. first and last
answer
b. middle
question
If you witnessed a crime and were asked to pick out the criminal from a lineup, you would be doing what kind of memory task? a. eidetic imagery b. relearning c. recall d. recognition
answer
d. recognition
question
True or False? Everyone experiences some altered states on consciousness.
answer
True
question
True or False? Each of us will spend approximately 25 years of life asleep.
answer
True
question
If you go without sleep for 32 hours, you need to then sleep for 32 hours straight to recover completely.
answer
False
question
True or False? Short bursts of brain activity in Stage 2 are called sleep spindles.
answer
True
question
True or False? Eating starchy foods tends to decrease one's levels of tryptophan, thus, increases one's tendency toward insomnia.
answer
False
question
True or False? From 1886 until 1906, Coca-Cola contained cocaine, which was later replaced with caffeine.
answer
True
question
True or False? Nicotine is classified as a depressant.
answer
False
question
True or False? In Pavlov's experiments, the meat powder (food) placed on the dog's tongue was the conditioned stimulus.
answer
False
question
True or False? A therapy widely used to extinguish fears and phobias is called desensitization.
answer
True
question
True or False? Frequent spankings tend to decrease aggression and reduce problem behaviors.
answer
False
question
True or False? The digit-span test is a common measure of attention and short-term memory.
answer
True
question
True or False? The saying "seven plus or minus two" refers to the space capacity of short-term memory.
answer
True
question
True or False? In relearning the amount remembered is measure by the savings score.
answer
True
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question
We spend most of our lives in ____, which is organized, meaningful, and clear. a. waking consciousness b. an altered state of consciousness
answer
a. waking consciousness
question
Each of us will spend approximately _____ years of life asleep. a. 5 b. 15 c. 20 d. 25
answer
d. 25
question
Which of the following statements about humans during sleep is FALSE? a. we are totally unresponsive b. we can perform very simple tasks. c. we cannot learn complex skills
answer
a. we are totally unresponsive
question
Sleep a. is an innate biological rhythm b. is necessary for life c. may give way temporarily in times of great danger d. is characterized by all of these
answer
d. is characterized by all of these
question
Any repeating cycle of biological activity, such as sleep and waking cycles or changes in body temperature, is known as a a. biological rhythm b. conensation c. REM rebound d. ASC
answer
a. biological rhythm
question
You are struggling to stay awake while driving and realize that you may have "dozed off" for a few seconds. This shift in your brain activity is called a. a sleep spindle b. a microsleep c. somnambulism d. a sensory deprivation
answer
a. a sleep spindle
question
Most symptopms of sleep deprivation a. are reversed by a single night's rest b. require a long period of best rest for recovery c. are irreversible d. can be prevented by consuming caffeine
answer
a. are reversed by a single night's rest
question
The symptoms of a temporary sleep-deprivation psychosis include a. sudden, irresitable, daytime sleep attacks. b. hallucinations, delusions, and disorientation c. episodes of sleep walking and sleep talking d. all of these
answer
b. hallucinations, delusions, and disorientation
question
The ordering and duration of daily sleep and waking periods are known as a. meridian rhythms b. sleep patterns c. REM cycles
answer
b. sleep patterns
question
Midafternoon sleepiness a. is a natural part of the sleep cycle b. should not occur after infancy c. indicated that the person is getting poor quality of sleep at night
answer
a. is a natural part of the sleep cycle
question
Sleep activity is usually measure using a a. EEG b. MRI c. PET scanner d. fetoscope
answer
a. EEG
question
Which waves are characteristic of Stage 1 or light sleep? a. beta waves b. large regular waves with some sleep spindles c. small irregular waves with some alpha waves
answer
c. small irregular waves with some alpha waves
question
As the muscles in your body relax during Stage 1 sleep, the reflex muscle contraction that may happen is called a. an autonomic cramp b. a hypnic jerk c. restless leg syndrome d. hypnogogic image syndrome
answer
b. a hypnic jerk
question
Which stage of sleep typically has sleep spindles? a. first b. second c. third d. fourth
answer
b. second
question
Stage 3 NREM and Stage 4 NREM a. occur mostly during the last half of the night b. are called paradoxical sleep c. consist mostly of beta waves and a few sleep spindles d. show delta waves
answer
d. show delta waves
question
A loud noise awakens you; you emerge from sleep confused and do not remember the noise. You were in which stage of sleep? a. stage 1 b. stage 2 c. stage 3 d. stage 4
answer
d. stage 4
question
After spending some time in stage 4, the sleeper a. returns to stage 3, then stage 2, then stage 1 b. returns directly to stage 2 c. returns directly to stage 1 d. awakens directly from stage 4
answer
a. returns to stage 3, then stage 2, then stage 1
question
REM is the acronym that stands for a. retinal equilibrium motion b. random eye movement c. rapid eye movement d. retinal eye motion
answer
c. rapid eye movement
question
NREM sleep consists of a. stages 1 & 2 b. stages 3 & 4 c. stage 1, 2, and 3 sleep only d. stages 1, 2, 3, and 4 sleep
answer
d. stages 1, 2, 3, and 4 sleep
question
The disorder that is characterized by a failure of normal muscle paralysis, leading to violent actions during REM sleep, is called a. periodic limb movement syndrome b. restless legs syndrome c. REM behavior disorder d. sleep terror disorder
answer
c. REM behavior disorder
question
Jet lag and changes in shift work would most likely precipitate which sleep disturbances? a. narcolepsy b. sleep apnea c. sleep drunkenness d. sleep-wake schedule disorder
answer
d. sleep-wake schedule disorder
question
A person suffering from insomnia has a sleep problem characterized by a. difficulty in going and staying sleep b. sudden, irresistible attacks of sleepiness c. night terrors and sleep talking
answer
a. difficulty in going and staying sleep
question
Nonprescription sleeping pills a. have little or no sleep-inducing effects b. are highly effective and a wiser choice than barbiturates c. are somewhat effective, but not as helpful as barbiturates
answer
a. have little or no sleep-inducing effects
question
Lindsay is having trouble going to sleep. Which food would be recommended for her to eat or drink if she wanted to increase her intake of tryptophan? a. a baked potato b. a hamburger c. orange juice d. a glass of red wine
answer
a. a baked potato
question
Narcolepsy refers to a. sudden irresistible sleep attacks b. excessive daytime sleepiness c. vivid, recurrent nightmares
answer
a. sudden irresistible sleep attacks
question
Sleep apnea refers to a. vivid recurrent nightmares b. breathing problems during sleep c. excessive daytime sleepiness
answer
b. breathing problems during sleep
question
A relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience is the definition of a. reinforcement b. introspection c. learning
answer
c. learning
question
a _____ is any event that increases the probability that a response will occur again. a. antecedent b. consequences c. feedback d. reinforcement
answer
d. reinforcement
question
A student does a good job on math problems for homework, and the teacher awards a sticker. This demonstrates the use of a. extinction b. reinforcement c. spontaneous recovery d. antecedents
answer
b. reinforcement
question
Events that precede a response are called _______, while events that follow a response are called ________. a. antecedents; consequences b. consequences; antecedents c. rewards; punishers d. primary events; secondary events
answer
a. antecedents; consequences
question
A ____ is an automatic, non-learned response. a. antecedent b. reflex c. consequences d. reinforcer
answer
b. reflex
question
Blinking your eye to a puff of air would be a good example of a a. antecedent b. reflex c. precursor d. secondary reinforcer
answer
b. reflex
question
Classical conditioning is based on ______, while operant conditioning is based on _____. a. the consequences of making a response; what happens before we respond b. what happens before we respond; the consequences of making a response c. the reinforcements the organism receives; punishments to organism receives
answer
b. what happens before we respond; the consequences of making a response
question
Pavlov's most famous experiment involved teaching dogs to _____ to a new stimulus. a. salivate b. blink c. bark d. regurgitate
answer
a. salivate
question
Another name for classical conditioning is a. operant conditioning b. Pavlovian conditioning c. respondent conditioning d. both Pavlovian and respondent conditioning
answer
d. both Pavlovian and respondent conditioning
question
In Pavlov's experiments, the meat powder (food) placed on the dog's tongue was the a. conditioned stimulus b. unconditioned stimulus c. conditioned response d. unconditioned response
answer
b. unconditioned stimulus
question
In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, the unconditioned response was the a.food b. bell c. salivation to the food d. salivation to the bell
answer
c. salivation to the food
question
The unconditioned stimulus, by definition, leads to a a. conditioned response b. conditioned stimulus c. unconditioned response d. classic response
answer
c. unconditioned response
question
After pairing the CS and US in a series of conditioning trials, the organism learn to respond to the CS alone. This learned behavior is then termed the a. neutral stimulus b. conditioned stimulus c. conditioned response d. unconditioned response
answer
c. conditioned response
question
The weakening of a conditioned response through removal of reinforcement is known as a. stimulus generalization b. extinction c. spontaneous recovery d. stimulus discrimination
answer
b. extinction
question
In a classic experiment, Little Albert, a very young boy, was conditioned to be afraid of a white rat. He also became fearful of whit furry rabbits and bearded men. This is an example of a. stimulus discrimination b. stimulus generalization c. extinction d. shaping
answer
b. stimulus generalization
question
A _____ is a fear that persists even when no realistic danger exists. a. compulstion b. unconditioned reaction c. phobia d. neurosis
answer
c. phobia
question
a therapy widely used to extinguish fears and phobias is called a. positive transference b. response reconditioning c. desensitization d. insight therapy
answer
c. desensitization
question
How does a child raised in the city learn to fear snakes and respond emotionally to mere pictures of them? a. the child was told repeatedly that "snakes are dangerous" b. the child observed other reacting forcefully to the word snake or to snake images on television c. the child, like all humans, has an innate fear of snakes and other reptiles
answer
b. the child observed other reacting forcefully to the word snake or to snake images on television c. the child, like all h
question
In _______, we associate responses with their consequences. a. respondent conditioning b. classical conditioning c. operant conditioning d. Pavlovian conditioning
answer
c. operant conditioning
question
In Thorndike's law of effect, events critical for conditioning a. occur after the response b. occur before the response c. occur simultaneously with the response d. are unrelated to the response except during extinction
answer
a. occur after the response
question
Responses that are reinforced and tend to be repeated illustrate a. stimulus control b. operant conditioning c. generalization d. disrimination
answer
b. operant conditioning
question
Which form of learning would most likely be studied in a Skinner box? a. classical conditioning b. operant conditioning c. conditioned emotional responses
answer
b. operant conditioning
question
Your niece has a temper tantrum in the store when she is shopping. If you buy her a toy you are a. being practical b. being kind c. encouraging more tantrums d. discouraging more destructive behaviors
answer
c. encouraging more tantrums
question
Reinforcement is most effective a. if it is displayed b. when it is immediate c. when is it delivered randomly d. when it follows a long chain of responses
answer
b. when it is immediate
question
Through _______, learned responses that are not reinforced gradually fade away. a. intermittent fading b. counter-conditoning c. operant extinction
answer
c. operant extinction
question
Ms. Campbell gives her students a star for every completed homework assignment. The star serves as a a. positing reinforcer b. negative reinforcer c. primary reinforcer d. response cost
answer
a. positing reinforcer
question
Memory is often characterized as being similar to a computer because a. long-term memories are exact copies, like files on a hard drive b. memories are encoded, stores, and later retrieved c. the space available for the storage of memory is finite d. computers and the human mind process information in a serial fashion.
answer
b. memories are encoded, stores, and later retrieved
question
You are taking a psychology test and are trying to remember what you studied. The memory process being used when you try to remember the psychology material is a. encoding b. feedback c. storage rehearsal d. retrieval
answer
d. retrieval
question
The three stages of memory IN ORDER are a. eidetic memory, sensory memory, long-term memory b. sensory memory, short term memory, long term memory c. short term memory, working memory, longterm memory
answer
b. sensory memory, short term memory, long term memory
question
The image that persists for about one-half second after being seen is a a. engram b. echo c. icon d. illusion
answer
c. icon
question
Things that are heard are held as a brief ______ in the sensory register. a. echo b. icon c. image d. engram
answer
a. echo
question
Short-term memories are MOST often stored a. phonetically b. visually c. iconically d. episodically
answer
d. episodically
question
Which of the following is TRUE of short-term memory? a. STM has an unlimited storage capacity b. STM deals with information for longer periods of time, usually for a least 30 minutes. c. STM is seriously affected by any interruption or interference
answer
c. STM is seriously affected by any interruption or interference
question
Whenever you are doing mental arithmetic, planning a meal, or reading a book, you are using a. procedural memory b. working memory c. eidetic memory d. implicit memory
answer
b. working memory
question
Information in long-term memory is generally stored on the basis of a. visual images b. meaning and importance c. how the words sound d. patterns of visual and auditory images
answer
b. meaning and importance
question
Long-term memory a. has an unlimited storage capacity b. is often referred to as working memory c. usually retains to as working memory d. in consider eidetic for most people
answer
a. has an unlimited storage capacity
question
You are being assessed by a psychologist. On one of the tests, you are asked to correctly repeat a list of numbers that the psychologist calls out to you. You are being administered the _______ test. a. eidetic memory b. phonetic memory c. implicit memory d. digit-span
answer
d. digit-span
question
George Millers "magic number" ______ (plus or minus two) represents the average number of "bits" of information that short-term memory can usually handle. a. three b. six c. seven d. nine
answer
c. seven
question
Organizing information into larger units as a way of improving the efficiency of short-term memory is called a. chunking (recording) b. metamorphosis c. verbal labeling d. symbolization (imaging)
answer
a. chunking (recording)
question
Pseudo memories are a. those memories recalled after amnesia b. false memories resulting from constructive processing c. delusions associated with mental illness
answer
b. false memories resulting from constructive processing
question
Episodic memories a. are not as easily forgotten as semantic memories b. include a time and a place within the memory c. are characterized by both
answer
b. include a time and a place within the memory
question
You and you husband go to the movies. About 20 minutes into the movie, he asks you who that actress is that just came on the screen and if she is on some television show you watch. You know her name but you just cannot recall it. This illustrates a. the savings score b. suppression state c. encoding failure d. the tip-of-the-tongue state
answer
d. the tip-of-the-tongue state
question
When learning an ordered list of words, the _____ items are neither held in short-term memory nor moved to long-term memory, so they are often lost. a. first b. middle c. last d. first and last
answer
b. middle
question
If you witnessed a crime and were asked to pick out the criminal from a lineup, you would be doing what kind of memory task? a. eidetic imagery b. relearning c. recall d. recognition
answer
d. recognition
question
True or False? Everyone experiences some altered states on consciousness.
answer
True
question
True or False? Each of us will spend approximately 25 years of life asleep.
answer
True
question
If you go without sleep for 32 hours, you need to then sleep for 32 hours straight to recover completely.
answer
False
question
True or False? Short bursts of brain activity in Stage 2 are called sleep spindles.
answer
True
question
True or False? Eating starchy foods tends to decrease one's levels of tryptophan, thus, increases one's tendency toward insomnia.
answer
False
question
True or False? From 1886 until 1906, Coca-Cola contained cocaine, which was later replaced with caffeine.
answer
True
question
True or False? Nicotine is classified as a depressant.
answer
False
question
True or False? In Pavlov's experiments, the meat powder (food) placed on the dog's tongue was the conditioned stimulus.
answer
False
question
True or False? A therapy widely used to extinguish fears and phobias is called desensitization.
answer
True
question
True or False? Frequent spankings tend to decrease aggression and reduce problem behaviors.
answer
False
question
True or False? The digit-span test is a common measure of attention and short-term memory.
answer
True
question
True or False? The saying "seven plus or minus two" refers to the space capacity of short-term memory.
answer
True
question
True or False? In relearning the amount remembered is measure by the savings score.
answer
True
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