Psychology (CH. 12 & 13) – Flashcards
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With which perspective on mental disorder is John Watson associated? a. behavioral b. biomedical c. psychodynamic d. sociological
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a.behavioral
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During the Middle Ages, abnormal behavior was frequently attributed to: a. unconscious processes. b. unbalanced bodily processes. c. social upheaval. d. demon possession.
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d.demon possession.
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The learning approach to psychological disorders suggests that: a. abnormal behavior is learned just like normal behaviors. b. what is learned cannot be unlearned. c. abnormal behavior is a product of hereditary predisposition. d. successful treatment of abnormal behavior is based on identifying its original cause.
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a.abnormal behavior is learned just like normal behaviors.
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The _______ approach to explaining psychological disorders stresses that events during childhood can lead to unresolved conflicts that manifest themselves as abnormal behavior. a. mythical b. medical c. learning d. psychoanalytic
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d.psychoanalytic
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Thinking in a self-defeating, illogical, and unrealistic manner causes abnormal behavior, according to the _______ model. a. humanistic b. systems c. psychoanalytic d. cognitive
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d.cognitive
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The _______ approach to psychological disorders explains mental illness in much the same way that we today explain physical illnesses. a. mystical b. medical c. learning d. systems
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b.medical
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The _______ approach to psychological disorders stresses that events occurring in childhood can lead to unresolved conflicts. a. learning b. developmental c. psychoanalytic d. medical
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c.psychoanalytic
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The psychoanalytic approach to psychological disorders stresses the importance of: a. stimulus-response patterns. b. present settings. c. unresolved conflicts resulting from early childhood. d. psychopathological systems.
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c.unresolved conflicts resulting from early childhood.
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The psychoanalytic approach to psychological disorders was developed by: a. Szasz b. Maslow c. Skinner d. Freud
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d.Freud
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The _______ approach to psychological disorders was developed by Sigmund Freud. a. psychoanalytic b. learning c. cognitive d. systems
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a.psychoanalytic
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The learning approach to psychological disorders suggests that: a. we learn abnormal behaviors just as we learn other behaviors. b. what is learned cannot be unlearned. c. we must find the cause of a disorder before it can be treated. d. none of the above
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a.we learn abnormal behaviors just as we learn other behaviors
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The _______ approach to psychological disorders suggests that we learn abnormal behaviors just as we learn other behaviors. a. cognitive b. rational c. motivation d. learning
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d.learning
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The behavioral model suggests that abnormal behavior is the result of _______. a. learning b. biology c. unconscious conflicts d. biochemical imbalances
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a.learning
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The cognitive model suggests that abnormal behavior results from _______. a. unconscious conflicts b. biochemical imbalances c. faulty reinforcement d. conscious mental processes
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d.conscious mental processes
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The biological model holds that abnormal behavior is related to ______. a. hereditary factors b. learning c. unconscious conflicts d. cognitive processes
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a.hereditary factors
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Edith's strange behavior has led her daughter, Anne, to consider institutionalizing her. Edith's mother and grandmother were both institutionalized in their lifetimes and Anne has already sought psychiatric help. Edith's strange behavior BEST fits the _______ model of abnormality. a. psychoanalytic b. biological c. intrapersonal d. behavioral
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b.biological
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It seems to Joanna that every time her son Daniel eats foods containing chemical dyes or additives, he gets into trouble or acts irrationally. When Joanna mentions this to her pediatrician, the doctor tells Joanna that Daniel's behavior fits the _______ model of abnormality. a. psychoanalytic b. biological c. intrapersonal d. behavioral
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b.biological
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Dave's wife suggests that he talk to a doctor because of his inability to cope with criticism. The doctor suggests that Dave's problem represents an unresolved internal conflict that has its roots in Dave's childhood. This view is typical of the _______ model of abnormality. a. biological b. cognitive c. behavioral d. psychoanalytic
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d.psychoanalytic
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Dave's wife suggests that he talk to a doctor because of his crippling fear of heights. The doctor suggests that Dave's phobia is a learned disorder that can be unlearned with proper treatment. This view is typical of the _______ model of abnormality. a. biological b. cognitive c. behavioral d. psychoanalytic
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c.behavioral
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Dave's mother suggests that he talk to a doctor because of his crippling feelings of inferiority. The doctor suggests that Dave's problem stems from internal processes such as unrealistic expectancies and negative thinking. This view is typical of the _______ model of abnormality. a. biological b. cognitive c. behavioral d. psychoanalytic
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b.cognitive
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Last month Pam was giddy, impulsive, and talkative; this month she is sad, silent, and almost motionless. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case? a. severe depression b. anxiety disorder c. somatoform disorder d. bipolar disorder
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d.bipolar disorder
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A person who suffers from bipolar disorder alternates between a. depression and mania. b. depression and schizophrenia. c. mania and schizophrenia. d. anxiety and mania
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a.depression and mania.
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Disorders characterized by disturbances in a person's prolonged emotional state are known as __ ________ disorders. a. mood b. dissociative c. somatoform d. conversion
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a.mood
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An affective disorder that includes both depression and mania is known as __________ disorder. a. bipolar b. dual process c. histrionic d. obsessive-compulsive
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a.bipolar
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Learned helplessness is a possible explanation for which disorder? a. dissociative b. dissociative identity disorder c. depression d. anxiety
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c.depression
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John's behavior appears normal, then he becomes depressed and hyperactivity follows. He would likely be diagnosed as having which disorder? a. mania b. schizophrenia c. bipolar d. depressive
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c.bipolar
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Which of the following is a mood disorder? a. obsessive-compulsive disorder b. dissociative identity disorder c. narcissistic personality disorder d. bipolar disorder
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d.bipolar disorder
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Which of the following is NOT a symptom of depression? a. hallucinations b. loss of appetite c. inability to sleep properly d. self-blame
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a.hallucinations
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The term _____ refers to the tendency of some persons to reliably become depressed during the winter months. a. seasonal affective disorder b. cold weather blues c. Christmas depression syndrome d. short-day affective disorder
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a.seasonal affective disorder
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The most common psychological disorder is: a. phobia. b. schizophrenia. c. depression. d. mania
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c.depression.
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Depression is: a. always accompanied by a manic state. b. equally common among men and women. c. a type of psychosis. d. the most common psychological disorder.
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d.the most common psychological disorder.
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An affective disorder that includes both depression and mania is known as ________ disorder. a. histrionic b. bipolar c. dual process d. obsessive-compulsive
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b.bipolar
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Psychoanalytic theorists believe that depression stems from _______. a. genetic predisposition b. a poor self-image c. anger turned inward d. reaction-formation
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c.anger turned inward
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Biological theorists note that there is strong evidence that _______ play an important role in depression. a. secondary motives b. environmental cues c. primary drives d. genetic factors
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d.genetic factors
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. Your aunt prefers to stay in her home and avoid public places and social situations. She would be diagnosed with a. agoraphobia. b. ailurophobia. c. cynophobia. d. specific phobia
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a.agoraphobia.
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A person who is constantly "on edge" and always apprehensive most likely suffers from a. phobic disorder. b. panic disorder. c. obsessive-compulsive disorder. d. generalized anxiety disorder.
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d.generalized anxiety disorder.
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June often experiences episodes during which her heart rate accelerates by more than 50 beats per minute despite encountering no emergency. June suffers from a. obsessive-compulsive disorder. b. generalized anxiety disorder. c. acrophobia. d. panic disorder.
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d.panic disorder.
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Someone with "stage fright" might have a(n) a. particular phobia. b. environmental phobia. c. specific phobia. d. social phobia.
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d.social phobia
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. A severe anxiety reaction that takes place immediately, or very soon, after an extremely stressful event is known as __________. a. posttraumatic stress disorder b. generalized anxiety disorder c. panic disorder d. acute stress disorder
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d.acute stress disorder
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Phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder are all types of ______ ____ disorders. a. psychosomatic b. somatoform c. anxiety d. dissociative
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c.anxiety
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Harry has an intense, irrational fear of being in public places. He is probably suffering from ______ ____. a. conversion reaction b. learned helplessness c. paranoia d. agoraphobia
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d.agoraphobia
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Martha vacuums the carpet in her living room 15 times a day. It is very likely that she is suffering from which of the following disorders? a. obsessive-compulsive b. conversion c. PTSD d. somatoform
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a.obsessive-compulsive
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Which of the following statements about post-traumatic stress disorder is NOT true? a. There are recurrent dreams and nightmares. b. It is confined to Vietnam War veterans. c. Common feelings are pain, guilt, and fear. d. Concentration is impaired.
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b.It is confined to Vietnam War veterans
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Allen is in a constant state of dread. He has trouble sleeping, feels tense, and cannot concentrate. Allen will likely be diagnosed as which anxiety disorder? a. phobia b. generalized anxiety c. panic d. obsessive-compulsive
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b.generalized anxiety
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A recurring irrational thought that cannot be controlled or banished from one's mind is called a/an _______. a. phobia b. obsession c. hypnagogic image d. compulsion
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b.obsession
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. Sudden, paralyzing episodes of fear describe which type of anxiety disorder? a. phobia b. generalized anxiety c. panic d. obsessive-compulsive
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c.panic
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Destruction of one's home or community is MOST likely to result in which of the following? a. PTSD b. a phobia c. a panic disorder d. an obsession
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a.PTSD
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Re-experiencing a traumatic event long after the event is associated with _______ disorder. a. generalized anxiety b. panic c. phobic d. PTSD
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d.PTSD
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An irrational fear of an object or event is called a/an: a. phobia. b. compulsion. c. panic. d. obsession.
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a.phobia.
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An overwhelming desire to set fires is called a/an: a. obsession. b. phobia. c. compulsion. d. somatoform.
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. a.obsession.
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In an obsessive-compulsive reaction, the _______ is the thought and the _______ is the action carrying out the thought. a. compulsion; obsession b. obsession; compulsion c. compulsion; panic d. obsession, anxiety
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b.obsession; compulsion
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Ritualistic behavior is associated with which of the following disorders? a. anxiety b. obsessive-compulsive c. somatoform d. conversion
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b.obsessive-compulsive
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Thoughts that repeatedly intrude into consciousness against one's will are called: a. compulsions. b. loose associations. c. neologisms. d. obsessions.
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d.obsessions.
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Acts that "must be done" are called: a. compulsions. b. obsessions. c. motor impulses. d. preservative impulses
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a.compulsions
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Obsessions and compulsions: a. appear to be based on very different psychodynamics. b. always occur together. c. often occur together. d. rarely occur together.
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c.often occur together
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An obsession is: a. a recurring irrational thought which you cannot put out of your mind. b. a behavior which you cannot control. c. an inability to control your emotions. d. a and b
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a.a recurring irrational thought which you cannot put out of your mind
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A(n) ______ is an irrational behavior which you cannot control. a. compulsion b. obsession c. regression d. depression
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a.compulsion
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A compulsion is: a. a recurring irrational thought which you cannot put out of your mind. b. a behavior that you cannot control. c. an inability to express your emotions. d. all of the above
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b.a behavior that you cannot control.
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Involuntary ideas that keep recurring despite the person's efforts to stop them are called _______. a. compulsions b. obsessions c. impulses d. panic attacks
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b.obsessions
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A repetitive, ritualistic behavior that a person feels driven to perform is called a(n) ________. a. compulsion b. obsession c. impulse d. delusion
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a.compulsion
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An intense, paralyzing fear of a specific object, person, situation, or thing in the absence of any real danger is a _______. a. panic disorder b. phobic disorder c. conversion reaction d. compulsive disorder
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b.phobic disorder
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Arlene has an intense, irrational fear of flying in airplanes. She is probably suffering from a ______ _. a. somatoform disorder b. neurotic depression c. phobic disorder d. conversion reaction
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c.phobic disorder
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Harry has an intense, irrational fear of being in public places. He is probably suffering from ______ __. a. agoraphobia b. paranoia c. learned helplessness d. conversion reaction
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a.agoraphobia
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Fears of snakes, thunderstorms, darkness, and water are classified as ________ phobias. a. specific b. primary c. social d. innate
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a.specific
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Most psychoanalytic theorists believe that anxiety disorders are the result of _______. a. unconscious conflict b. learned helplessness c. lack of reinforcement d. primary drives
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a.unconscious conflict
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A young boy is attacked by a large dog. He is now terribly afraid of all large dogs. His phobia of dogs is BEST explained by ________ theory. a. behavior b. psychoanalytic c. psychobiological d. humanistic
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. a.behavior
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Feeling fearful but not knowing why is characteristic of ______. a. phobias b. anxiety disorders c. dissociative neurosis d. amnesia
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b.anxiety disorders
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Darcy is sitting at her desk in her office one day when she is, without warning, overcome by feelings of intense fear, losing control of herself. Her terror is so great that all she can do is sit at her desk shaking and crying. Nothing she was doing at the time would seem to have caused such an episode. Her symptoms most resemble _______. a. phobic disorder b. posttraumatic stress c. panic attack d. affective disorder
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c.panic attack
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Which of the following is NOT an anxiety disorder? a. conversion disorder b. obsessive-compulsive disorder c. posttraumatic stress disorder d. a phobia
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a.conversion disorder
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While Sid is sitting at his desk at work an image of harming his young son pops into his mind. Each time this occurs, he touches all four corners of his desk in a particular order. Sid probably suffers from a. generalized anxiety disorder. b. agoraphobia. c. obsessive-compulsive disorder. d. panic disorder.
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c.obsessive-compulsive disorder.
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People who act impulsively, don't tolerate frustration, want their desires satisfied immediately, fail to develop emotional attachments, and show no remorse would be diagnosed with what personality disorder? a. narcissistic b. antisocial c. histrionic d. schizotypal
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b.antisocial
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A personality disorder characterized by marked instability in self-image, mood, and interpersonal relationships is __________ personality disorder. a. histrionic b. antisocial c. narcissistic d. borderline
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d.borderline
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Which of the following best describes the antisocial personality? a. low intelligence b. lack of remorse or guilt c. depression d. paranoid schizophrenic tendencies
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b.lack of remorse or guilt
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Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the antisocial personality disorder? a. incapable of forming close relationships b. no guilt or remorse c. manipulative and insincere d. low intelligence
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d.low intelligence
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What individual is most likely to come into conflict with the law because of his/her disregard for social rules and unwillingness to restrain his/her impulses? a. paranoid schizophrenic b. dissociative identity disorder c. antisocial personality d. bipolar disorder
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. c.antisocial personality
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Which characteristic best describes an antisocial personality? a. low intelligence b. lack of remorse or guilt c. depression d. a and b
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b.lack of remorse or guilt
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. A patient in a mental hospital exhibits disordered thinking, perceptual abnormalities, unusual emotions, and suspiciousness. This person is probably suffering from a. schizophrenia. b. bipolar disorder. c. passive-aggressive personality. d. a dissociative disorder.
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a.schizophrenia.
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The belief that you are a special agent for the Intergalactic Supernova is an example of a a. loose association. b. neologism. c. delusion. d. negative symptom
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c.delusion.
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During an interview, a patient says he has frequently seen a hand come out of the bathroom sink to grab a bar of soap. The psychologist who is conducting the interview most likely writes that the patient presents evidence of a. delusions. b. loose associations. c. negative symptoms. d. hallucinations.
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d.hallucinations
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What are the two major categories of the symptoms of schizophrenia? a. acute and chronic b. negative and positive c. affect and ambivalence d. primary and secondary
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b.negative and positive
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False sensory perceptions that often take the form of hearing voices are called __________. a. hallucinations b. obsessions c. delusions d. compulsions
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a.hallucinations
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The term SCHIZOPHRENIA was first used by __________ and means __________. a. Sigmund Freud; "split personality" b. Evgen Bleuler; "split-mind" c. Anton Mesmer; hypnotized d. B. F. Skinner; reinforced
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b.Evgen Bleuler; "split-mind"
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Nancy smells smoke when there is no fire. This is an example of: a. a delusion. b. a hallucination. c. paranoia. d. olfactory inhibition
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b.a hallucination.
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Excessive amounts of dopamine in the brain have been proposed as a cause of: a. schizophrenia. b. manic-depression. c. antisocial personality. d. paraphilia.
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a.schizophrenia
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Of the following, which would provide the strongest evidence for a genetic component to schizophrenia? a. a higher concordance rate for fraternal twins than for other siblings b. a higher concordance rate for fraternal twins than for identical twins c. a high concordance rate among identical twins raised apart d. a high concordance rate among the general population
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c.a high concordance rate among identical twins raised apart
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Annette talks to her pet elephant, which no one else can see. Annette is having a: a. hallucination. b. delusion. c. clang association. d. neologism.
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a.hallucination.
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The substance known as _______ has been implicated in the development of schizophrenic symptoms. a. melatonin b. norepinephrine c. serotonin d. dopamine
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d.dopamine
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Delusions and hallucinations are associated with: a. somatoform disorders. b. mania. c. conversion hysteria. d. schizophrenia.
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d.schizophrenia.
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False sensory perceptions that most often take the form of hearing voices are called _______. a. delusions b. obsessions c. hallucinations d. compulsions
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c.hallucinations
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False beliefs about reality with no factual basis are known as ______. a. delusions b. obsessions c. hallucinations d. compulsions
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a.delusions
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Nick was admitted to a mental institution because he heard voices talking to him that no one else could hear, and he saw demons attacking him, though no one else could see anything near him. Nick's symptoms are known as ________. a. delusions b. obsessions c. hallucinations d. compulsions
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c.hallucinations
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Nick was admitted to a mental institution because he claimed he was the king of an alien race that would soon return to earth to dominate mankind. He claimed to be in constant communication with these aliens and helping to plan for their return. His symptoms are known as ________. a. delusions b. obsessions c. hallucinations d. compulsions
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a.delusions
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What technique is used when patients are asked to relate thoughts, feelings, or images without modifying them? a. hypnosis b. primary analysis c. dream analysis d. free association
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d.free association
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A therapist is interested in interpreting dreams and in having clients relate their thoughts without modifying them. This therapist is most likely to be a: a. client-centered therapist. b. psychoanalyst. c. cognitive therapist. d. behavior therapist.
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b.psychoanalyst.
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What is the process by which a patient projects feelings about other individuals onto the psychoanalyst? a. resistance b. reactance c. countertransference d. transference
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d.transference
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The major goal of insight therapies is to give people __________. a. basic training in observational learning and practice b. feedback from their biologically controlled responses c. help in understanding perceptual processes d. clearer understanding of their feelings, motivations, and actions
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d.clearer understanding of their feelings, motivations, and actions
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Psychoanalysis was a therapy technique designed by __________. a. Fritz Perls b. Sigmund Freud c. Carl Rogers d. Alfred Adler
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b.Sigmund Freud
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The term "free association" is associated with which of the following therapeutic endeavors? a. applied behavior analysis b. analytical analysis c. specific therapies d. psychoanalysis
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d.psychoanalysis
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Freud believed that many psychological problems were the result of: a. feelings and emotions repressed during childhood. b. genetic factors. c. organic disturbances. d. the identity crises.
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a.feelings and emotions repressed during childhood.
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Insight therapies include all but which one of the following? a. psychoanalysis b. humanistic therapy c. behavior modification d. Gestalt therapies
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c.behavior modification
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Psychoanalytic theory was developed by: a. Freud. b. Perls. c. Erikson. d. Rogers.
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a.Freud.
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Of the following, which type of therapist would be more interested in a client's past rather than the current situation? a. psychoanalytic b. rational-emotive c. behavioral d. Gestalt
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a.psychoanalytic
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The overall goal of psychoanalysis is to: a. make the unconscious conscious. b. promote fulfillment of the person's potential. c. remove symptoms as quickly as possible. d. correct faulty thinking and perception.
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. a.make the unconscious conscious.
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In the psychoanalytic technique of _______, the patient is encouraged to say whatever thoughts come to mind, regardless of their order or appropriateness. a. abreaction b. cathexis c. free-association d. transference
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c.free-association
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. A student finds himself hating a professor because the latter reminds him of his abusive father. In psychoanalytic terms, the student is exhibiting _______. a. abreaction b. transference c. resistance d. cathexis
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b.transference
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Psychoanalysis is considered LEAST useful in treating _______. a. anxiety disorders b. phobia c. depression d. schizophrenia
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d.schizophrenia
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Sigmund Freud believed that many psychological problems resulted from: a. feelings and emotions repressed during childhood. b. organic disturbances, such as brain tumors. c. poor social interactions. d. failure to "find oneself" during adolescence.
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a.feelings and emotions repressed during childhood.
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The belief that anxiety results from feelings and emotions repressed during childhood was proposed by _______. a. Perls b. Moniz c. Pinel d. Freud
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d.Freud
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Which method was NOT used by Freud to identify repressed feelings? a. role playing b. dream interpretation c. asking a client to talk about whatever comes to mind d. free association
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a.role playing
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. Maureen is in therapy because she is very frightened of her father and feels tongue-tied around him. After a few months she begins to feel frightened of her therapist also. According to Freud, this is an example of _______. a. latency b. interpretation c. transference d. sublimination
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c.transference
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Rational Emotive Therapy classifies as a/an _______ approach. a. humanistic b. behavioral c. cognitive d. psychoanalytic
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c.cognitive
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Albert Ellis is best known as a _______ therapist. a. Gestalt b. rational-emotive c. family d. group
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b.rational-emotive
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The originator of rational-emotive therapy is _______. a. Bandura b. Perls c. Rogers d. Ellis
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d.Ellis
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On the door of the refrigerator is a sheet of paper with check marks on it. Every time Alice cleans her room properly and Makes her bed she receives a check mark. When she accumulates 100 check marks, she can get the new video game she wants. What type of behavioral program are Alice's parents using? a. modeling b. systematic desensitization c. token economy d. negative reinforcement
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. c.token economy
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Which method of treating phobias involves progressive relaxation and exposure to the feared object (either actual or imagined)? a. extinction b. systematic desensitization c. punishment d. token economy
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b.systematic desensitization
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During a case conference, a therapist says his recommendation is to use a technique based on classical conditioning that associates the client's drinking with an unpleasant stimuli. You recognize that the recommended treatment is: a. modeling. b. extinction. c. aversion therapy. d. systematic desensitization
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c.aversion therapy.
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What do behavior therapists see as the cause of maladaptive behaviors? a. learning b. distortions in thinking c. unconscious conflicts d. discrepancy between the real self and ideal self
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a.learning
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Psychotherapies that emphasize changing clients' perceptions of their life situation as a way of modifying their behavior are called __________. a. behavior therapy b. client-centered therapy c. cognitive therapy d. Gestalt therapy
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c.cognitive therapy
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Arranging anxiety-provoking situations in a hierarchy would be characteristic of __________. a. behavioral contracting b. operant conditioning c. aversive conditioning d. systematic desensitization
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d.systematic desensitization
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Beck's cognitive therapy is particularly effective in the treatment of __________. a. somatoform disorders b. anxiety disorders c. depression d. schizophrenia
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c.depression
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Making someone who is afraid of snakes handle dozens of snakes in an effort to get him to overcome his fear is called __________. a. systematic desensitization b. aversive conditioning c. flooding d. paradoxical intent
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. c.flooding
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In which of the following therapies might a therapist use real physical pain to change behavior? a. operant conditioning b. aversive conditioning c. psychoanalysis d. desensitization
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b.aversive conditioning
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Paula's mother painted Paula's nails with an unpleasant-tasting salve to stop her nail biting. This illustrates ________. a. aversive conditioning b. systematic desensitization c. biofeedback d. modeling
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a.aversive conditioning
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Operant conditioning can be used in classrooms, hospitals, prisons, and industry by giving individuals exchangeable rewards for performing appropriate actions. This illustrates which of the following? a. classical conditioning b. bartering c. a token economy d. bribery
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c.a token economy
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Systematic desensitization is especially useful as a treatment for ________. a. panic disorders b. schizophrenia c. depression d. phobias
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d.phobias
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. Which of the following therapists has used modeling to treat phobias? a. Ellis b. Bandura c. Perls d. Rogers
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b.Bandura
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Aversive conditioning belongs in the category of: a. Gestalt therapy. b. psychoanalysis. c. classical conditioning therapies. d. operant conditioning therapies.
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c.classical conditioning therapies.
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The focus of behavior therapies is on: a. conflict resolution. b. external observable behavior. c. restructuring the whole personality. d. finding the causes of undesirable behavior.
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b.external observable behavior
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In _______, an unpleasant event is paired with a particular response in order to make that response less likely to occur. a. aversive conditioning b. token economies c. reward training d. biofeedback
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a.aversive conditioning
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Systematic and contact desensitization evolved from: a. classical conditioning principles. b. modeling therapies. c. biofeedback techniques. d. operant conditioning principles.
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a.classical conditioning principles
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Systematic desensitization is especially useful as a treatment for: a. panic disorders. b. schizophrenia. c. depression. d. phobias
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d.phobias
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What approach to therapy utilizes the principles of classical and operant conditioning? a. behavior modification b. cognitive c. humanistic d. psychoanalytic
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a.behavior modification
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Which therapeutic approach is most concerned about changing the problem behavior? a. behavior modification b. cognitive c. humanistic d. psychoanalytic
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a.behavior modification
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The "token economy" is most closely associated with the _______ approach to treatment. a. operant-conditioning b. cognitive c. humanistic-existential d. rational-emotive
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a.operant-conditioning
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Which therapy does NOT assume that many psychological problems are the result of internal thoughts and feelings? a. humanistic b. Gestalt c. psychoanalytic d. behavioral
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d.behavioral
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. _______ therapy assumes that problem behaviors are learned and, as such, can be unlearned. a. Behavior b. Group c. Gestalt d. Person-centered
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a.Behavior
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In _______ therapy the person must learn an association between the target behavior and an unpleasant event. Thus, the person receives unpleasant consequences for the undesired behavior. a. Gestalt b. group c. aversive conditioning d. rational-emotive
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c.aversive conditioning
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Aversive conditioning: a. is a type of behavior therapy. b. is no longer used by therapists. c. is designed so that the person receives unpleasant consequences for undesired behavior. d. both a and c
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d.both a and c
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A technique which assumes it is impossible to be relaxed and anxious at the same time is _______. a. systematic desensitization b. overgeneralization c. conditioning d. free association
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a.systematic desensitization
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Which technique uses reinforcement to change behavior? a. operant conditioning b. classical conditioning c. aversive conditioning d. desensitization
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a.operant conditioning
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After Jeff is expelled from school for missing too many classes, he seeks help from a therapist. The therapist develops a contract that specifies that if Jeff attends all his classes, he will be allowed certain privileges at home; but if he cuts classes he will be subject to certain penalties. Jeff's therapist is probably a _______ therapist. a. behavior b. psychoanalytic c. client-centered d. rational-emotive
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a.behavior
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Jerry is 22 years old and still gets too many cavities from eating too many sweets. Jerry's dentist trains him to think of the pain of having his teeth drilled each time he reaches for a piece of candy. The dentist is using _______ to cure Jerry's excess eating of sweets. a. negative transference b. desensitization c. behavioral contracting d. aversive conditioning
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d.aversive conditioning
question
. Every time Jeanie opens her cigarette case or uses her lighter, she gets a painful electric shock. Jeanie's friends and family have been asked not to give her any cigarettes or light any for her, so she must use her own lighter if she wants to smoke. Eventually, Jeanie loses her desire to smoke, thanks to _______. a. negative transference b. desensitization c. behavioral contracting d. aversive conditioning
answer
d.aversive conditioning
question
The method that gradually reduces a client's fears is called _______. a. operant conditioning b. free association c. desensitization d. reciprocal inhibition
answer
c.desensitization
question
Julian seeks professional help for his fear of spiders. In stages, his therapist shows him pictures, movies, and models of spiders, then a real dead spider, a small live spider in a jar, several live spiders in a jar, and finally a live spider loose in the room. At each stage, he made sure that Julian was fully relaxed. This technique is known as _______. a. free association b. desensitization c. aversive conditioning d. transactional therapy
answer
b.desensitization
question
Martha and Stan are newlyweds. They see a therapist because Martha is afraid of sexual intercourse. The therapist asks Martha exactly which acts make her anxious, constructs a hierarchy of those threatening acts, teaches her to relax, and asks her to imagine each threatening scene in the hierarchy and use the relaxation technique to reduce her anxiety as she imagines each scene from the bottom to the top of her hierarchy. The therapist is using _______. a. desensitization b. behavioral contracting c. free association d. positive regard
answer
a.desensitization
question
Cognitive models of therapy tend to focus on: a. corrective emotional experiences. b. changing thinking processes. c. removing symptoms. d. fulfilling one's potential.
answer
b.changing thinking processes.
question
Cognitive behavior therapy is particularly effective in the treatment of _______. a. anxiety disorders b. schizophrenia c. somatoform disorders d. depression
answer
d.depression
question
Sally's therapist wants her to bring her parents and siblings to counseling sessions with her. Sally is going through a. social skills training. b. family therapy. c. assertiveness training. d. client-centered therapy.
answer
b.family therapy.
question
A type of psychotherapy in which people meet regularly to interact and help one another achieve insight into their feelings and behavior is __________ therapy. a. virtual b. group c. Gestalt d. response
answer
b.group
question
When problems exist between parents and children, their problems are usually BEST handled by __________. a. psychoanalysis b. family therapy c. operant conditioning d. individual therapy
answer
b.family therapy
question
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of group therapy? a. It is relatively economical. b. Clients learn that others have problems similar to their own. c. Clients practice and receive feedback on their interpersonal skills. d. The therapist does not need as much training as an individual therapist
answer
d.The therapist does not need as much training as an individual therapist.
question
An important advantage of group therapy is that: a. group members serve as therapists. b. clients learn that others have problems similar to their own. c. much more serious problems can be discussed than in individual therapy. d. only one participant has to speak each session
answer
b.clients learn that others have problems similar to their own.
question
When problems exist between parents and children, their problems might best be handled by ____ ___. a. Gestalt therapy b. psychoanalysis c. desensitization d. family therapy
answer
d.family therapy
question
What was a major reason for the decrease in the number of psychosurgeries performed? a. the government stopped paying for the procedure b. laws prohibited the procedure c. patient rights activists protested the surgery d. drug treatments were developed
answer
. d.drug treatments were developed
question
How do most antipsychotic drugs seem to work? a. reduce the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine b. cause more excitatory neurons to fire c. prevent serotonin and norepinephrine from being broken down d. block the activity of dopamine
answer
. d.block the activity of dopamine
question
Virtually all antipsychotic drugs work by __________. a. increasing the amount of serotonin in the brain b. blocking dopamine receptors in the brain c. increasing the amount of acetylcholine in the brain d. inhibiting the function of the hypothalamus
answer
b.blocking dopamine receptors in the brain
question
Which of the following has been fairly effective in treating bipolar disorders? a. cingulotomy b. valium c. lithium carbonate d. ECT
answer
c.lithium carbonate
question
Which of the following is NOT used in biomedical therapy? a. electric shock b. language c. drugs d. surgery
answer
b.language
question
Which of the following is NOT a primary technique associated with modern biomedical therapy? a. drugs b. surgery c. trephining d. ECT
answer
c.trephining
question
The medically based therapy/therapies most commonly used today is/are: a. electro-convulsive therapy. b. psychoactive drugs. c. psychosurgery. d. trephination.
answer
b.psychoactive drugs
question
Electroshock treatment often is accompanied by: a. a total mental breakdown during the first week following application. b. tardive dyskinesia. c. temporary visual hallucinations. d. a memory loss of unpredictable length.
answer
d.a memory loss of unpredictable length.
question
Electroshock treatment is mainly effective in treating _______. a. depression b. schizophrenia c. anxiety disorders d. all of the above
answer
a.depression
question
Electroconvulsive therapy is used to alleviate _______. a. anxiety b. schizophrenia c. somatoform disorders d. severe depression
answer
d.severe depression
question
Electroconvulsive therapy _______. a. is used more frequently today than in years past. b. is only effective if administered daily over a six-month period c. is capable of damaging the brain d. produces only negative results
answer
c.is capable of damaging the brain
question
Which treatment is LEAST likely to be used today? a. drug therapy b. prefrontal lobotomy c. ECT d. behavior therapy
answer
b.prefrontal lobotomy
question
Which treatment is MOST likely to be used today? a. drug therapy b. prefrontal lobotomy c. ECT d. in vitro therapy
answer
a.drug therapy
question
Tardive dyskinesia is a side effect of _______. a. barbiturate use b. psychosurgery c. ECT d. antipsychotic drugs
answer
d.antipsychotic drugs
