Flashcards on Psychology CH 1
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Which type of early psychologist believed that "the whole is more than the sum of its parts"?
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Gestalt Psychologist
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Researchers must report their results completely whether the hypothesis was supported or not. Complete reporting is necessary for the purpose of ________.
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Replication
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Ideally, everything in the experimental situation except the __________is held constant.
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independent variables
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The goals of psychology are to ________.
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describe, explain, predict, and control behavior
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Which treatment approach did Sigmund Freud develop for treating his patients?
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psychoanalysis
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The school of behaviorism attempted to explain behavior by studying:
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how a specific stimulus evokes a specific response.
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________is an experiment in which neither the participants nor the individuals running the experiment know if participants are in the experimental or the control group until after the results are tallied.
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The double-blind study
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Professor Beverly approaches questions about human behavior from a perspective that emphasizes bodily events and chemicals, such as hormones, associated with behavior. It is most likely that she accepts which of the following psychological approaches?
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biopsychological
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Each of the following is a common ethical guideline suggested by the American Psychological Association EXCEPT ________.
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debriefing may be omitted when young children are involved
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The question "What is happening?" refers to which of the following goals in psychology?
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description
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________refers to the idea that one can repeat a research project that has already been conducted to see if the same results are or are not obtained.
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Replication
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Observing behavior as it happens in real-life natural settings without imposing laboratory controls is known as the ________.
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naturalistic observation method
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The school of psychology called structuralism used a technique called ________, which involved reporting the contents of consciousness to study a person's experiences.
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objective introspection
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Pavlov's research demonstrated that ________.
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involuntary reaction (salivation) could occur in response to an unrelated stimulus (sound of a metronome)
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The belief that the unconscious mind has an influence on one's behavior is part of what early field of psychology?
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psychoanalysis
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Which of the following statements is true about naturalistic observation?
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It involves observing behavior in its natural setting.
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In addition to describing and explaining mental processes and behavior, psychology also attempts to ________these phenomena.
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Predict and control
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In the definition of psychology, the term mental processes refers to ________.
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internal, covert activities
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A group of randomly selected subjects for a study that matches the population on important characteristics such as age and sex is called ________.
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a representative sample
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Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the strongest relationship between two variables?
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-.75
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The more modern form of psychoanalysis is called the ________perspective.
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Psychodynamic
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Evolutionary psychology might suggest that certain cognitive strategies and goals are built into the brain because:
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they help humans adapt to their natural environment.
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Objective introspection requires:
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reflection on the self.
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You attend a lecture by a psychologist who uses terms such as free will and self-actualization. Which psychological perspective is most consistent with the points the psychologist presented?
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The humanistic perspective
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A negative correlation means that ________.
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high values of one variable are associated with low values of the other
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The question "When will it happen again?" refers to which of the following goals in psychology?
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prediction
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The question "How can it be changed?" refers to which of the following goals in psychology?
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control
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A correlation coefficient represents two things: ________and ________.
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strength; direction of the relationship
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Humanistic psychologists suggest that when people reach self-actualization, they:
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develop to their fullest potential.
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A(n) ________is a measure of how strongly two variables are related to one another.
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correlation
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"Children who watch violent cartoons will become more aggressive." According to the scientific method, this statement is most likely a(n) ________.
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hypothesis
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Which of the following is CORRECT concerning random assignment?
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In random assignment, each participant has an equal chance for each condition.
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The question "Why is it happening?" refers to which of the following goals in psychology?
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explanation
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A detailed description of a particular individual being studied or treated is called a ________.
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case study
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Which research method involves watching behaviors as they occur without intervening or altering the behaviors in any way?
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naturalistic observation
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Quantitative research is associated with what type of research _________________ and attempts to establish ____________________.
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survey and cause
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Which of these is the most accurate definition of the discipline of psychology?
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the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
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Dr. Braunz has been treating a child with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. She decides to write a prescription for Ritalin. Given this information, it is most likely that Dr. Braunz is a ________.
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Psychiatrist
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A researcher is investigating the effects of exercise on weight. What are the independent and dependent variables in this experiment?
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The dependent variable is weight; the independent variable is exercise
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According to Freud, unconscious urges:
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attempt to surface and affect our behaviors.
