Psychology, 8th edition by David G. Myers, Prologue
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Psychology
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The scientific study of behavior and mental processes
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Empiricism
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the view that (a) knowledge comes from experience via the senses, and (b) science flourishes through observation and experimentation
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Structuralism
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an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind
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Functionalism
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a school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish.
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Humanist Psychology
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historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people; used personalized methods to study personality in hopes of fostering personal growth
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Nature-Nurture Issue
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the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors
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Natural Selection
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the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
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Levels of Analysis
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the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon
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Biopsychological Approach
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an integrated perspective that incorporates biological, psychological, and social cultural levels of analysis
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Basic Research
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pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base
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Applied Research
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scientific study that aims to solve practical problems
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Counseling Psychology
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a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being
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Clinical Psychology
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a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders
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Psychiatry
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a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy
