question

Gestalt therapy was developed by:

answer

Frederick (Fritz) Perls.

question

According to Carl Rogers, a child who did not receive unconditional positive regard in early life is likely to acquire:

answer

conditions of worth.

question

Cognitive therapists guide clients to challenge their own dysfunctional:

answer

thoughts.

question

Depression has been linked to low activity of the neurotransmitters ________ and ________.

answer

serotonin; norepinephrine

question

Huntington's disease has been traced to a loss of cells in the:

answer

basal ganglia.

question

In science, the perspectives used to explain phenomena are known as:

answer

paradigms.

question

___________ theorists believe that people are motivated mainly by a need to have relationships with others and that severe problems in the relationships between children and their caregivers may lead to abnormal development.

answer

Object relations

question

In which of the paradigms of abnormal psychology is the role of the therapist thought to be that of a teacher?

answer

the behavioral model

question

The example of a young boy developing a fear of sand because there is a sandbox in the yard where a dog barks and lunges demonstrates a principle of:

answer

classical conditioning.

question

The oldest and most famous of the modern psychological models is the ____________ model.

answer

psychodynamic

question

Which is not one of the three types of biological treatments used today?

answer

Insulin coma

question

According to Freud, the id operates in accordance with the ___________ principle.

answer

pleasure

question

According to psychodynamic theorists, when people behave with their therapist the way they interacted with their parents, they are demonstrating:

answer

transference.

question

__________ are chemicals released into the bloodstream.

answer

Hormones

question

Which is an inaccurate statement about the role of genes in abnormal behavior?

answer

Genes probably play no part in mental disorders.

question

Which of the following minority groups of individuals in the United States are more likely to stop therapy sooner than white Americans?

answer

Native Americans Asian Americans Hispanic Americans

question

What is the main difference between group therapy and a self-help group?

answer

In group therapy there is a trained therapist who leads the interaction, while a self-help group is conducted by people who share a similar problem without the help of a professional clinician.

question

Which model of abnormality rests on the deterministic assumption that no symptom or behavior is "accidental" and that all behavior is determined by past experiences?

answer

the psychodynamic model

question

The basic premise of family therapy is:

answer

the entire family is viewed as the unit of treatment, even if only one of the members receives a clinical diagnosis.

question

Psychodynamic approach holds that therapists are key figures in the lives of patients—figures whose reactions and beliefs should be included in the therapy?

answer

relational psychoanalytic therapy

question

Albert Bandura argued that in order to feel happy and function effectively, people must develop a positive sense of:

answer

self-efficacy.

question

According to Freud, ___________ is a condition in which the id, ego, and superego do not mature properly and are frozen at an early stage of development.

answer

fixation

question

Which of the following psychological difficulties is reported most often by those in the American Indian population?

answer

"constant restlessness"

question

Which of the following would be the type of prevention that seeks to provide effective treatment as soon as it is needed so that moderate or severe disorders do not become long-term problems?

answer

tertiary prevention

question

The _____________ helps to regulate emotions and memory.

answer

hippocampus

question

Behavioral therapists base their explanations and treatments of mental abnormality on principles of:

answer

learning.

question

Which is not a current major model of mental abnormality?

answer

evolutionary

question

Cybertherapy raises concerns about all of the following except:

answer

legal obligations to pay for services.

question

According to Freud, the _______ is the psychological force that represents a person's conscience.

answer

superego

question

The tiny space between the nerve ending of one neuron and the dendrite of the other is the:

answer

synapse.

question

A behavioral treatment in which clients with phobias gradually learn to react calmly instead of with intense fear of objects they dread is known as:

answer

systematic desensitization.

question

According to the psychodynamic model, someone who refuses to fully participate in therapy is said to be demonstrating:

answer

resistance.

question

___________ therapy suggests that people have two options with their lives—to face up to our own "being" and to give meanings to our lives or to shrink and hide from that responsibility.

answer

Existential

question

One of the main differences between group therapy and a self-help group is the presence in group therapy of:

answer

a professional therapist.

question

Psychotropic medications were developed in the ________, and since then have greatly changed the outlook for a number of mental disorders. Today they are used widely, either alone or with other forms of psychotherapy.

answer

1950s

question

When a 3-year-old boy climbed over a barrier at the Brookfield Zoo in Illinois in 1996 and fell into a gorilla compound, clinical theorists had a field day interpreting which of the events that took place after the boy fell?

answer

A 160-pound gorilla picked up the boy, protected him, and carried him to rescue workers unharmed.

question

According to Aaron Beck's cognitive theory, one illogical thought process regularly found in depression is __________, the drawing of broad negative conclusions on the basis of a single insignificant event.

answer

overgeneralization

question

According to the __________ model, human beings are driven to self-actualize, or to fulfill their natural potential for goodness and growth.

answer

humanistic

question

Some research has suggested that _________ has been linked to exposure to certain viruses during childhood or before birth.

answer

schizophrenia

question

Which of the following is not described by your text as being a part of the cerebrum?

answer

hypothalamus

question

A therapy developed by Aaron Beck that helps people recognize and change their faulty thinking processes

answer

cognitive therapy

question

Psychotropic drugs that improve the moods of people with depression

answer

antidepressant drugs

question

According to psychoanalytic theory, strategies developed by the ego to control unacceptable id impulses and to avoid or reduce the anxiety they arouse

answer

ego defense mechanisms

question

The reliving of past repressed feelings in order to settle internal conflicts and overcome problems

answer

catharsis

question

A treatment approach that emphasizes community care

answer

community mental health treatment

question

According to Freud, the psychological force that employs reason and operates in accordance with the reality principle

answer

ego

question

Psychotropic drugs that help reduce tension and anxiety. Also called minor tranquilizers or anxiolytics

answer

antianxiety drugs

question

The psychoanalytic process of facing conflicts, reinterpreting feelings, and overcoming one's problems

answer

working through

question

The humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers in which clinicians try to help clients by conveying acceptance, accurate empathy, and genuineness

answer

client-centered therapy

question

According to Freud, a condition in which the id, ego, and superego do not mature properly and are frozen at an early stage of development

answer

fixation

question

Psychotropic drugs that help correct the confusion, hallucinations, and delusions found in psychotic disorders

answer

antipsychotic drugs

question

A simple form of learning

answer

conditioning

question

A form of biological treatment, used primarily on depressed patients, in which a brain seizure is triggered as an electric current passes through electrodes attached to the patient's forehead

answer

electroconvulsive therapy

question

Explanations that attribute the cause of abnormality to an interaction of genetic, biological, developmental, emotional, behavioral, cognitive, social, and societal influences

answer

biopsychosocial theories

question

A psychodynamic technique in which the patient describes any thought, feeling, or image that comes to mind, even if it seems unimportant

answer

free association

question

A series of ideas and images that form during sleep

answer

Dream

question

A therapy format in which the therapist works with two people who share a long-term relationship. Also called marital therapy

answer

couple therapy

question

Approaches that seek to address the unique issues faced by members of minority groups

answer

culture-sensitive therapies

question

A theory that views the family as a system of interacting parts whose interactions exhibit consistent patterns and unstated rules

answer

family systems theory

question

A therapy format in which the therapist meets with all members of a family and helps them to change in therapeutic ways

answer

family therapy

question

Psychotropic drugs that help stabilize the moods of people suffering from a bipolar mood disorder. Also called mood stabilizers

answer

antibipolar drugs

question

The psychodynamic theory that emphasizes the role of the ego and considers it an independent force

answer

ego theory

question

A therapy that encourages clients to accept responsibility for their lives and to live with greater meaning and value

answer

existential therapy

question

Therapy- approaches that seek to help clients change both counterproductive behaviors and dysfunctional ways of thinking

answer

cognitive-behavioral therapies

question

A process of learning by temporal association in which two events that repeatedly occur close together in time become fused in a person's mind and produce the same response

answer

classical conditioning

question

Approaches geared to the pressures of being a woman in Western society. Also called feminist therapies

answer

gender-sensitive therapies

question

Chromosome segments that control the characteristics and traits we inherit

answer

gene

question

The humanistic therapy developed by Fritz Perls in which clinicians actively move clients toward self-recognition and self-acceptance by using techniques such as role playing and self-discovery exercises

answer

gestalt therapy

question

A therapy format in which a group of people with similar problems meet together with a therapist to work on those problems

answer

group therapy

question

The chemicals released by endocrine glands into the bloodstream

answer

hormones

question

According to Freud, the psychological force that produces instinctual needs, drives, and impulses

answer

id

question

A set of assumptions and concepts that help scientists explain and interpret observations. Also called a paradigm

answer

model

question

A process of learning in which an individual acquires responses by observing and imitating others

answer

modeling

question

The view that each culture within a larger society has a particular set of values and beliefs, as well as special external pressures, that help account for the behavior and functioning of its members. Also called culturally diverse perspective

answer

multicultural perspective

question

A nerve cell

answer

neuron

question

A chemical that, released by one neuron, crosses the synaptic space to be received at receptors on the dendrites of neighboring neurons

answer

neurotransmitter

question

The psychodynamic theory that views the desire for relationships as the key motivating force in human behavior

answer

object relations theory

question

A process of learning in which behavior that leads to satisfying consequences is likely to be repeated

answer

operant conditioning

question

Brain surgery for mental disorders. Also called neurosurgery

answer

psychosurgery

question

Drugs that primarily affect the brain and reduce many symptoms of mental dysfunctioning

answer

psychotropic medications

question

A site on a neuron that receives a neurotransmitter

answer

receptor

question

A form of psychodynamic therapy that considers therapists to be active participants in the formation of patients' feelings and reactions, and therefore calls for therapists to disclose their own experiences and feelings in discussions with patients

answer

relational psychoanalytic therapy

question

An unconscious refusal to participate fully in therapy

answer

resistance

question

The psychodynamic theory that emphasizes the role of the self our unified personality

answer

self theory

question

The humanistic process by which people fulfill their potential for goodness and growth

answer

self-actualization

question

The belief that one can master and perform needed behaviors whenever necessary

answer

self-efficacy

question

According to Freud, the psychological force that represents a person's values and ideals

answer

superego

question

the redicrection toward the psychotherapist of feeling associated with important figures in a patients's life, now or in the past.

answer

transference

question

A group made up of people with similar problems who help and support one another without the direct leadership of a clinician. Also called a mutual help group

answer

self-help group

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