Psychology 321 Exam 4 – Flashcards

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True or False: Individuals who choose low goals tend to perform better than those who choose high goals
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False
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Abilities that you have as soon as you're born is an example of what?
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None of these
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Optimism is
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Similar to efficacy in its effects on behavior
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Bandura said that therapy should be based upon
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Learning principles
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True or False: A recognition of the role of personality, situation, behavior, and fortuitous chance help offer a complete understanding of personality according to Bandura
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True
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The concept of reciprocal determinism involves all of the following variables EXCEPT which one?
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Society
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Which of the following is not a mode of induction for verbal persuasion?
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Self-guidance
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True or False: Barack Obama had a number of important models in his life including his father
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False
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True or False: An important step in self-regulation is to choose goals
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True
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True or False: By recognizing the role of fortuitous chance in determining life outcomes, Bandura was stating that he believed in determinism
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False
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Self-efficacy has been found to help treatment programs for
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All the above
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True or False: To ensure moral behavior, we must conducer society and not only the individual, according to Bandura
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True
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Receiving good grades on small assignments in class should __________ self-efficacy for students in the class
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Increase
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True or False: People with high self-efficacy try harder
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True
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Students high in self-efficacy
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Get better grades
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True or False: Modeling is limited to childhood
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False
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Which of the following is NOT included as a process of observational learning?
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Thinking about doing the behavior
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A student has just started working on a term paper, which is supposed to be 40pgs long. One way to increase a sense of efficacy is to
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Realize that writing 4 pgs a week for 10 weeks will complete the task
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Bandura recommends that self-efficacy should be measured
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Separately for each area of behavior
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A student who believes he/she can memoize all the definitions in the book, but still will not get a good grade, has
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Low outcome expectations
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True or False: Parents who set high standards for their own behavior are likely to have children who also set high standards
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True
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Bandura's studies of modeling in children were designed to investigate the psychoanalytic concept of
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identification
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True or False: Outcome expectations are the same, theoretically , as self-efficacy
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False
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When models were punished for aggressive interaction, who was more likely to also engage in aggression toward the BoBo doll?
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Girls
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Why do individuals behave immorally, according to Bandura
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People fail to regulate their behavior towards moral standards, because of moral disengagement
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According to Rogers, what sources begin to replace the organismic valuing process for most people over time?
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All of these
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True or False: Empathy is an important component for Roger's theories in regard to therapy
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True
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Which of the following is NOT considered a humanistic psychologist
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Karen Horney
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Rogers has influenced business in what ways?
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Reasoning that employee-boss relationships can lead to growth just like other relationships
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Roger's concept of unconditional positive regard refers to
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the therapist's acceptance and positive valuing of the client, which is not dependent on particular "good" behaviors
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As a client makes progress in therapy, what happens?
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The client more freely experiences and expresses emotions
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A criticism of humanistic psychology is that it encourages
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narcissism and selfishness
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True or False: Often individual's dismiss Roger's theory as being unhelpful and useless as to insights it provides into human nature
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False
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Roger's believed that work employee/employer relationships would benefit from all of the following EXCEPT
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Traditional authority patterns
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Carl Rogers grew up in a family that can be described as
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Strict
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True or False: Self-actualization is always a healthy process
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False
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True or False: Satellite relationships have no risk for jealousy
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False
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True or False: Unconscious mechanisms are an important component for Roger's theories in raged to therapy
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False
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Rogers criticized parents for
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Making their love depend on their children's good behavior
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True or False: Having expectations a person must live up to before receiving respect and love is called "conditions of worth"
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True
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Rogers thought that theories could be improved through
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Research
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True of False: According to Rogers people's fundamental motivating process is the actualizing tendency
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True
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True or False: Rogers recommended that therapists should clearly communicate to clients what behavioral standards they must reach
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False
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True or False: Friends can facilitate healthy psychological growth
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True
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True of False: For Rogers, creativity is a talent determined by heredity
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False
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True or False: Therapists are not responsible to learn of their clients' culture if they proceed with counseling a culturally different individual
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False
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True or False: Accepting and valuing a person without requiring particular behaviors as a prerequisite is called "conditions of worth"
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False
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A desirable outcome of psychotherapy, according to Rogers is
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The experience of having choices
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Changes in psychotherapy are measure by Rogers
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Process Scales
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You bump into a psychologist at a grocery store, after saying you're studying psychology in college they proceed to tell you about how they see clients and emphasize healthy growth & self-acceptance. this psychologist likely practices which type of therapy?
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Humanistic
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Which of the following characteristics is typical of D-love?
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Jealousy
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The VIA Classifications of Strengths lists all EXCEPT
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Temperament
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Positive emotions are/do NOT
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Enhanced by drugs
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True or False: After esteem needs are met, the next level to emerge as important is belongingness and love
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False
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True or False: A meaningful life and quest for meaning in life is always happy
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False
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Self-actualization is not universally developed because...
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it has to compete with the lower-order needs such as adequate food and housing, growth choices and safety choices are the same
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True or False: According to Maslow, humans, unlike animals, are never motivated primarily by hunger and other physical needs
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False
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Which of the following is an example of the second level of the need hierarchy?
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People are evacuated from a building because of a bomb threat
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Which of the following is NOT listed by Maslow as a characteristic of self-actualized people
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optimism
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According to Maslow, once a need has been met...
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it may again become dominant, if no longer met in the future
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Which of the following is NOT a trait shown to contribute to happiness and/or sense of well being?
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making money
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True or False: Esteem needs are satisfied when other people think well of us, even if that reputation is based on erroneous information
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False
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What was Maslow's attitude toward religion?
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religious prophet's have experienced what Maslow calls "peak experiences" which are vulnerable insights to be communicated to others
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Deci's concept of intrinsic motivation is best described as...
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motivation to do an activity for the inherent satisfaction of the activity itself
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The Time Competence Scale of the Personal Orientation Inventory measures the extent to which a person lives in the ______, which is evidence of self-actualization
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present
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Maslow recommended that psychological study be _____-centered rather than _____-centered
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problem; method
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True of False: Achievement and concern with reputation are typically important at the fourth level of the need hierarchy
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True
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True or False: Maslow advocated that business should only seek to meet lower-order needs as higher-order needs were beyond most business' scope
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False
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To encourage "growth choices" in children, parents should...
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avoid overprotection and excessive approval
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True or False: The Personal Orientation Inventory measures self-actualization
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True
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True or False: Research shows the people with very low incomes in the US are not as unhappy with life as most people think
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True
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The need tone all that you can be, to fulfill all your potentials, is typical of the _____ level of the need hierarchy
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fifth
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Maslow's theory is sometimes called...
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third force psychology
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True or False: At the highest level of the need hierarchy, people are metamotivated
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True
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At the lower levels of the hierarchy of needs, people are motivated by
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unmet basic needs
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