Psychology 203: SS3 C10-15 – Flashcards
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Jaymon is a third-grader and has been asked by his teacher to describe himself. What is the MOST likely description Jaymon will give?
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" I am friendly."
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Which of the following terms refers to self-evaluations in the different domains of an individual's life?
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self-concept
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Self-esteem refers to _____ self-evaluation while self-concept refers to _____ self-evaluation.
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global; domain-specific
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The correlation between self-esteem and school performance is:
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moderate.
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Many of today's children grow up receiving praise for mediocre or even poor performance. What could be a possible consequence of this?
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They may have difficulty handling competition and criticism.
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The increased capacity for self-regulation that is seen in middle and late childhood is linked to developmental advances in:
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the prefrontal cortex in the brain.
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Darren is a 12-year old active boy. Sometimes when his friend Simon cheats on the game, he tends to get irritated. But Darren tries to hold his anger and reasons out to Simon why it is bad practice to cheat. Which developmental aspect is Darren displaying in his actions?
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Self-regulation
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All of the following are changes in emotional development during middle and late childhood EXCEPT:
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the increased ability to comprehend subtle social cues.
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Both Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg agree that:
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cognitive stages are the underpinnings of morality.
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Your best friend sideswipes a car and drives away without reporting the accident. You do not report it either, even though you worry about the owner's loss, but over the next few days, you do talk to your friend about it. Your actions suggest that you are in which of Kohlberg's moral reasoning stages?
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social system morality
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To investigate the nature of moral thought, Lawrence Kohlberg presented children with a story in which a character named Heinz faces a moral dilemma. When Ellie is read the story and asked whether Heinz should have stolen the drug, she states, "No, it is against the law to steal. The husband should find another way to get the drug." Ellie is in the _____ stage of moral development.
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social system morality
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At which stage of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development does a person understand that values and laws are relative, and that standards may vary from one person to another?
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social contract or utility and individual rights
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Which of the following statements represents a criticism of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
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It's not what one thinks, but what one does that is most important for morality.
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More than 80% of the respondents to a survey said that buying a stolen television set is morally wrong. Yet 50% admitted they would buy a stolen set if guaranteed they would not be caught. These data indicate:
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preconventional moral reasoning.
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Moral rules are widely accepted, somewhat impersonal and:
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obligatory.
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On his first day on the job as a toll-taker, Roger's coworkers taught him how to steal $10-$20 an hour from the Turnpike Authority. Roger refused to participate in the theft and his coworkers shunned him for the rest of the summer. Roger's refusal to steal and to stand up to his colleagues shows that he has developed:
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moral character.
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One area of math in which boys were found to be better at is:
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visuospatial skills.
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Boys are much more likely than girls to be behaviorally disruptive in the classroom. This is because:
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boys show less self-regulation.
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Which of the following would probably be the MOST developmentally appropriate type of discipline tactic for an 11- year-old?
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discussion
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Which of the following statements about peer groups and peer interactions in middle and late childhood is TRUE?
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Children in middle and late childhood spend approximately 30 percent of their time with peers
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Blanca is a "bully," and no one likes to play with her. Which of the following is Blanca's probable sociometric status?
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rejected
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According to John Coie, which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why aggressive peer-rejected boys have problems in social relationships?
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Rejected children are more focused on maintaining positive relationships with peers.
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An aggressive boy's interpretation of an encounter as hostile and his classmates' perception of his behavior as inappropriate are examples of _____ in behavior development.
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social cognition
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According to the data available, which is the most frequent type of bullying?
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belittled about looks or speech
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Which of the following is NOT true regarding observations on bullying?
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Girls and younger high school students were most likely to be affected by bullying.
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In a study analyzing children's perspective-taking skills, children were assessed to determine if they understood that people sometimes hide their emotions by showing a different emotion than they really feel. The theory applied here is the theory of:
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Mind tasks
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Which of the following is NOT a function of childhood friendships?
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cultural regulation
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_____ is a program designed to increase parental employment and reduce family poverty.
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New Hope
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Which of the following is one of the findings of the evaluation of the New Hope program?
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Adolescents were more competent at reading.
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All of the following are effective ways to improve relationships among ethnically diverse students EXCEPT:
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turning the classroom into a segregated learning experience.
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Puberty refers to a period of:
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rapid physical maturation involving hormonal and bodily changes that occurs primarily during early adolescence.
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It is difficult to know exactly when puberty begins and ends because:
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it is a gradual process involving multiple distinguishing events.
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Conflict with parents most often escalates during:
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early adolescence.
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Orthodox Jews and Mormons have especially low rates of alcohol use, underscoring the:
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environment's role in alcoholism.
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There is a "one-third rule'' for alcoholism: by age 65, one-third are dead or in terrible shape, one-third are abstinent or drinking socially, and one-third are _____.
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still trying to beat their addiction
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In early adulthood, individuals often switch from acquiring knowledge to applying knowledge as they pursue success in their work. This reflects the idea that:
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adults do progress beyond adolescents in their use of intellect.
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In one longitudinal study, when three-year-old children showed good control of their emotions and were resilient in the face of stress:
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they were likely to continue to handle emotions effectively as adults.
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_____ adults describe themselves as securely attached.
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The majority of
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Which of the following is true of the preferences of adults regarding the attachment styles of their partners?
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Adults prefer having a securely attached partner.
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Julie describes how she feels about Mark: "I'm very physically attracted to him, but we aren't what you would call emotionally close. I love being with him, but I don't know that this will be a long-lasting relationship." According to Robert Sternberg's theory of love, which type of love is Julie experiencing?
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romantic love
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After Mildred's divorce, she went back to college, renewed old acquaintanceships, and took up ballroom dancing. She chose the pathway of:
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the enhancer
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The average adult in middle adulthood _____ height and _____ weight.
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loses; gains
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Bob is 50 years old. If he is typical for his age, what is one of his major health concerns at this stage of life?
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weight
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Stress weakens the ability of the immune system to fight disease. This effect _____ as we age.
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increases
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The type of white blood cell that is more likely to be present in low-stress circumstances is referred to as _____.
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NK cells
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Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with menopause?
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high blood sugar
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Laura is in her 40s. Which of the following of her abilities will decline in the next 10 years?
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inductive reasoning
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According to the text, which of the following is NOT one of the levels of analysis that could be the possible cause for the decline in speed of processing information in adults?
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neurophysiological
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According to cognitive aging expert Denise Park, the slowdown in learning new information has been linked to changes in:
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working memory.
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As we age, our level of spirituality:
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Increases.
