Psychology – 1 – Flashcards
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What year did Edward Titchener introduce Structuralism?
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1901
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What event happened in 1954?
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Humanism began, led by Rogers and Maslow who published "Motivation and Personality"
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What is the "Manual of Experimental Psychology" about?
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Structuralism
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What two events happened in 1896?
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Freud founded psychoanalysis James and Dewey published an article that promoted functionalism
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What was the first modern book of psychology called?
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Principles of Psychology
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Who founded Humanism?
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Maslow and Rogers
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Which approach of psychology asserts that people are motivated by unconscious drives and conflicts?
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Psychoanalysis
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Which approach of psychology focuses on the conscious mind, free will, human dignity and the capability of self-actualization?
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Humanism
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Who introduced operant conditioning?
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B.F. Skinner
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A form of cognitive psychology is the leading form of therapy today. When did it begin?
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1956
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Why is 1879 considered the first year of modern psychology?
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The first experimental laboratory in psychology opened
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What book did William James write?
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The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology
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What book did Maslow and Rogers write?
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Motivation and Personality
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What book did B.F. Skinner write?
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The Behavior of Organisms
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What book did Edward Titchener write?
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Manual of Experimental Psychology
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Who opened the first experimental laboratory in psychology? Where and when?
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Wilhelm Wundt University of Leipzig, Germany in 1879
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When was Principles of Psychology written by who?
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1890 William James
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In what year did Freud found Psychoanalysis?
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1896
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When did William James begin his work in Functionalism?
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1896
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When did Edward Titchener introduce structuralism? How?
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1901 With his book "Manual of Experimental Psychology"
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What did Ivan Pavlov do ?
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Publish the first studies in classical conditioning in 1906 Win Nobel Prize for work with salivating dogs
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In what year was behavioralism launched by who?
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1913 John B Watson with his book
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In what year was The Behavior of Organisms published by who?
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1938 B.F. Skinner
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In what year did psychologists begin to focus on cognitive states and functions?
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1956
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Behaviorism
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The school of psychology, founded by John Watson, that defines psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior
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Functionalism
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The school of psychology, founded by William James, that emphasizes the purpose of behavior and mental process
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BF Skinner
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Investigated positive and negative reinforcement for learned behavior
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Sociocultural Perspective
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Perspective that focuses on the roles of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status in personality formation, behavior, and mental processes
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Introspection
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An examination of one's own thoughts and feelings
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Structuralism
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The school of psychology, founded by Wilhelm Wundt, that maintains that conscious experience breaks down into objective sensations and subjective feelings
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Behavior
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Observable and measurable actions of people and animals
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William James
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Psychologist who wrote the first modern book of psychology, the Principles of Psychology, in 1890
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Psychoanalytic Perspective
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The perspective that stresses the influences of unconscious forces on human behavior
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Sigmund Freud
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Founded psychoanalysis
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Cognitive activity
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Private, unobservable mental processes such as sensation, perception, thought, and problem solving
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Gestalt psychology
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The school of psychology that emphasizes the tendency to organize perceptions into meaningful wholes
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Wilhelm Wundt
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Founded structuralism and is the first modern psychologist
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John B Watson
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Founded behavioralism
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Biological perspective
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Psychological perspective that emphasizes the influence of biology on behavior
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Psychoanalysis
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The school of psychology, founded the Freud, that emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and conflicts as determinants of human behavior
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Basic research
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Research that is conducted for its own sake, that is, without seeking a solution to a specific problem
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Psychology
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The scientific study of behavior and mental processes
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Counseling psychologists
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help people with challenges, vocational, marriage
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Clinical psychologists
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treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders
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Psychiatrist psychologists
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Medical doctors who can prescribe medicine
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Environmental psychologists
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Studies the effects of environment on behavior, (extreme temp, cold, etc)
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Consumer psychologists
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Study behavior of shoppers to explain and predict behavior
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School psychologists
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Help students with problems learning
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Forensic psychologists
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Advises in the field of law and acts as an expert witness to testify at trials
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Health psychologists
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Study the link between psychology and our physical health
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Educational psychologists
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Studies and helps students in schools
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Industrial/Organizational psychologists
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Study and advise on behavior in the workplace
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Social psychologists
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Explores how people influence on eanother
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Personality psychologists
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Investigate out persistent traits
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Developmental psychologists
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Changes in people as we age from the womb to the tomb
