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Anthony has difficulty playing with other children. He often gets angry and stomps off when things don't go his way. To help him learn to deal with his anger, his parents engage him in a game of Candy Land. They respond the way they would like to see Anthony respond when he loses a turn or is forced to move backward on the board. Anthony's parents are using a behavior modification technique called

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modeling.

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Joy earns a gumball sticker for every chore she completes. She puts the stickers on her gumball chart. When the gumball chart is filled, Joy gets to choose a prize out of the prize box. Joy's parents are using

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a token economy.

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Joshua's sister had a bad day at school. As a result, she doesn't want to play with him. Joshua assumes she is angry with him. Joshua is experiencing

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personalization.

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Using medical methods to treat psychological disorders is a form of

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biomedical therapy.

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The first organized effort to do something with mentally ill persons began in

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London.

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Phillipe Pinel is known for

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personally unchaining the inmates at an asylum in Paris.

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Individuals who suffer from severe mental illness along with psychosis are generally not good candidates for ______ treatment.

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psychodynamic

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A therapy style in which the therapist remains relatively neutral is ______ therapy.

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nondirective

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A therapy technique in which the therapist restates what the client says rather than interpreting the statements is

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reflection.

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Who founded Gestalt therapy?

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Fritz Perls

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The process in which an undesirable behavior is paired with an aversive stimulus to reduce the frequency of the behavior is

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aversion therapy.

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Distortions of thinking in which a person blows a negative event out of proportion while ignoring relevant positive events is called

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magnification and minimization.

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In ______, no one person is seen as the problem.

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family therapy

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Who questioned whether psychotherapy really works?

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Hans Eysenck

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Therapies that directly affect the biological functioning of the body and brain are known as

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biomedical therapies.

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The use of drugs to control or relieve the symptoms of psychological disorders is called

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psychopharmacology.

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The main goal of _____ therapy is to change disordered or inappropriate behavior directly.

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action

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An insight therapy that emphasizes revealing unconscious conflicts, urges, and desires which may be causing mental disorders is

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psychoanalysis.

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______ is a technique in which the patient is encouraged to talk about anything that comes to mind without fear of negative evaluations.

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Free association

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When the therapist becomes a symbol of a parental authority figure from the past, the patient is experiencing

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transference.

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_______ therapies are action based rather than insight based.

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Behavior

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Rather than focusing on the behavior itself, _______ therapies focus on the distorted thinking and unrealistic beliefs that lead to maladaptive behavior.

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cognitive

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_______ seem(s) to work better in group settings than psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral therapies.

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Behavior therapies

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In behavior therapy, the reduction of the undesired behavior is

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easy to measure, but gaining insights, feelings of control, and self-worth are not easily evaluated.

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Unlike psychodynamic and humanistic therapies, behavior therapies are

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action based, rather than insight based.

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The symbolic or hidden meaning of a dream is its

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latent content.

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In person-centered therapy, most of the work is done by

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the client or patient.

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The first efforts to treat the mentally ill with kindness and guidance are called

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moral treatment.

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The two kinds of psychotherapy are ______, in which the main goal is helping people to gain insight with respect to their behavior, thoughts, and feelings, and _______, in which the main goal is to change disordered or inappropriate behavior directly.

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insight therapy; action therapy

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Who developed cognitive therapy?

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Aaron T. Beck

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Rogers's method of humanistic therapy is called _____ because of its nondirective nature, with the client doing most of the work and the therapist acting as a sounding board.

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person-centered therapy

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The first truly organized effort to do something with the mentally ill began in

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England.

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A technique in which the person is rapidly and intensely exposed to fear-provoking situations or objects and prevented from making the usual avoidance or escape response is

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flooding.

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Which of the following is an advantage of group therapy?

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The opportunity for the therapist and the client to observe how the client interacts with others.

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One of the criticisms of cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapies is that

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they treat the symptom, not the cause.

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Rather than focusing on unconscious, hidden conflicts, humanistic theorists focus on

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conscious, subjective experiences of emotion and people's sense of self.

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______ can be useful to treat disorders such as phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and anxiety disorders by pairing a stimulus that normally causes an unwanted response with a new, neutral stimulus.

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Classical conditioning

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As medical doctors, psychiatrists are almost inevitably biological in perspective and, thus, use biomedical therapies

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in addition to any psychotherapy technique they may favor.

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Generally speaking, the longer the person stays in therapy, the greater the

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improvement.

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According to humanistic therapists, the ideal self and the real self should match as closely as possible. This is achieved through

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unconditional positive regard.

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Daniel failed a math test. Upon receiving his grade, Daniel believed that he must be bad at math and therefore would fail the class, be unable to get into college, and would have to work in fast food for the rest of his life. Daniel is exhibiting

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overgeneralization.

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Dr. Stevens is treating a client with depression. During their sessions together, Dr. Stevens focuses on the client's relationships with friends, family, and coworkers, as well as how the everyday events of the client's life affect his mood. Dr. Stevens is using ______ to treat his client.

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interpersonal psychotherapy

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Steve tells his therapist that he has been feeling very restless and worried lately. The therapist restates Steve's concern, "So, you've been worried recently, and you've been feeling quite restless too?" The therapist is using a technique called

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reflection.

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Abhinov was told to stop knocking over his brother's block tower. After three warnings to stop this behavior, Abhinov's mom told him to go to his room. Abhinov's mom is using a form of extinction called

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time-out.

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How might a therapist using rational-emotive behavioral therapy treat a client who believes that if everyone does not love him, he is a terrible person and doesn't deserve to live?

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The therapist would argue with the client about this belief by challenging the rationality of the statement, assigning homework, and using behavioral techniques to modify the thinking.

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Jack is newly dating Jenny, a girl he really likes. They had a date for Friday night, but Jenny texted him and said she'd gotten the flu and couldn't make it to the date. Jack immediately broke up with her, assuming she was cancelling because she didn't like him anymore. This type of distorted thinking is known as

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arbitrary inference.

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An extinction process in which a person is removed from the situation that provides reinforcement for undesirable behavior is known as

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time-out.

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Elliot has made a list of the things that scare him about giving a speech. After learning relaxation techniques, Elliot's therapist has Elliot relax as he imagines each item on his list, from least to most scary. Elliot is participating in

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systematic desensitization.

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Lauren withdraws from social situations because she does not know how to enter a group conversation. To help her, Lauren's therapist has her watch several videos in which people demonstrate, step-by-step, how to enter conversations, and then Lauren imitates the people in the videos. Lauren's therapist is using a technique called

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modeling.

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Alfie's doctor has prescribed a drug to stop the hallucinations that are a symptom of Alfie's schizophrenia. Alfie is receiving

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biomedical therapy.

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Telling a therapist about your problems is a form of

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psychotherapy.

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Which of the following therapy styles has been found to work best with group therapy?

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person-centered

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What is the goal of family counseling?

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To treat family members as interacting parts of the whole unit, to discover unhealthy ways members interact, and to teach healthier, more productive means of interaction.

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One of the earliest and best-known psychosurgical techniques is the _____, in which the connections of the prefrontal cortex to other areas of the brain are severed.

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prefrontal lobotomy

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Electroconvulsive therapy is used to treat

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depression.

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Electroconvulsive therapy may be used to treat

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suicidal depression.

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One of the key elements of person-centered therapy is _____, which is the genuine, open, and honest response of the therapist to the client.

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authenticity

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Which of the following is a danger of seeking psychological treatment over the Internet?

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There is no guarantee that a cybertherapist has any credentials or training in psychotherapy.

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______ is psychotherapy that is offered on the Internet.

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Cybertherapy

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A therapy style that results from combining elements of several different therapy techniques is called

answer

eclectic.

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Because interpersonal psychotherapy combines psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, and humanistic therapies, it is considered to be a(n) ______ method of treatment.

answer

eclectic

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Psychoanalysts refer to the actual events of a dream as the ______ of the dream.

answer

manifest content

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Meredith tells her therapist, Dr. Shepherd, that her mother recently died and she's been experiencing suicidal thoughts. Dr. Shepherd responds by explaining that he can imagine that she must be feeling angry and abandoned. Dr. Shepherd is displaying ______, a key element in person-centered therapy.

answer

empathy

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Reflection is the technique the therapist must use

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to allow clients to have insights without the interference of the therapist's ideas.

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The role of a ______ therapist is to get clients to look at and test their beliefs to see how accurate their beliefs really are.

answer

cognitive

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One of the goals of ______ is to use action-based therapies to change the way clients think from irrational, self-defeating thoughts to more rational, self-helping, positive thoughts.

answer

cognitive-behavioral therapy

question

Melissa received compliments on her new haircut, but no one mentioned her new glasses. She assumes no one likes her glasses. This way of thinking can be referred to as

answer

selective thinking.

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Don's psychoanalyst believes that if she and Don can correctly interpret the hidden meanings behind the events in Don's dreams, they will reveal

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unconscious conflicts that are causing Don's mental disorders.

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When Angela began to tell her therapist about memories of her grandfather, she suddenly refused to talk. After that session, she did not show up for her next appointment. This is an example of

answer

resistance.

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Freud focused his cleansing on the impurities of the unconscious mind, such as

answer

socially unacceptable desires.

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Many psychological professionals use a combination of

answer

insight and action therapeutic methods.

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The type of therapy where the goal is for patients to better understand the motives behind their actions is ______ therapy.

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insight

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The potential for addiction and for patients taking larger doses than prescribed to "escape" are both risks associated with prescribing

answer

antianxiety drugs.

question

A syndrome caused by antipsychotic drugs that causes repetitive involuntary jerks and movements of the face, lips, legs, and body is

answer

tardive dyskinesia.

question

What is Philippe Pinel famous for?

answer

personally unchaining inmates in an asylum in Paris and beginning the movement of humane treatment

question

Steve and Sally are constantly arguing about how to discipline the children. Consequently, the children are "out of control," because they don't listen to or respect their parents, they are failing their classes, and they are often in trouble for aggressive behavior. Steve and Sally's therapist recommended they try ______ and meet as a family to work out their relationship issues.

answer

family counseling

question

Which of the following is NOT true about self-help/support groups?

answer

A therapist leads the group meetings.

question

According to Sue & Sue (2008), what problem can occur when the cultural or ethnic backgrounds of therapist and client are mismatched?

answer

The therapist may project his or her values onto the client, causing the failure of the therapist to achieve true empathy with the client's feelings.

question

Jill is afraid of flying, but she wants to visit her ailing mother across the country. Jill and her therapist begin her treatment by having Jill imagine herself boarding a plane, taking off, and landing safely. They then have Jill take a ride in a flight simulator. Next Jill goes to an airport and sits in a seat on the plane but does not take off. Finally, Jill is able to board a plane and travel successfully. This method of exposure therapy is called _____ exposure.

answer

graded

question

Kate is trying to quit smoking. Her therapist has her write out and sign a formal agreement that outlines goals, tasks, and penalties to help her change her behavior. It also outlines rewards she will receive as she meets each milestone. Kate has entered into a

answer

contingency contract.

question

Residents at the mental hospital earn tickets whenever they meet their behavioral goals for the day. Every Saturday, they can trade the tickets for extra free time. The residents are participating in

answer

a token economy.

Psych101: Chapter 13 Psychological Therapies – Flashcards

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