Psych unit 5 – Flashcards
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Selective attention is best illustrated by
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the perceptual process
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The sleep cycle is approximately ________ minutes.
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90-120 min.
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Which of the following sleep disorders is most strongly associated with obesity?
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sleep apnea
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One effect of sleeping pills is to
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decrease REM sleep
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A car driver's ability to navigate a familiar route while carrying on an animated conversation with passengers best illustrates the importance of
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dual processing.
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The distinction between manifest content and latent content is central to ________ theory of dreams.
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Freuds
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Sleep spindles predominate during which stage of sleep?
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NREM-2
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The effects of chronic sleep deprivation include
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altered metabolic functioning, decreased ability to think critically and logically, impaired creativity, and increased blood pressure.
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According to Freud, dreams are
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ego to prevent threatening impulses from being consciously recognized
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Bright light inhibits our feelings of sleepiness by suppressing the production of
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melatonin
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The large, slow brain waves associated with NREM-3 sleep are called
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delta waves
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Consciousness is defined in the text as
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our awareness of ourselves and our environment
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According to one physiological theory, dreaming represents
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the brain's efforts to integrate unrelated bursts of activity in the brain areas that process visual images with emotional tone provided by activity in the limbic system.
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A person whose EEG shows a high proportion of alpha waves is most likely
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awake and relaxed
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A recurring sleep stage during which most vivid dreams commonly occur is known as ________ sleep.
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REM
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A teenager texting while crossing the street is not likely to notice a car rounding the corner and about to cross her path. This best illustrates the impact of
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selective attention
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Which of the following best illustrates dual processing?
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A car driver's ability to navigate a familiar route while carrying on an animated conversation with passengers
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The perceptual error in which we fail to see an object when our attention is directed elsewhere is
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inattentional blindness
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The neural activation theory provides a physiological explanation for
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dreaming
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During which stage of sleep does the body experience increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and genital arousal?
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REM
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Which of the following statements regarding REM sleep is true?
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REM sleep deprivation results in a REM rebound.
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The constant quivering movements of our eyes enable us to
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minimize sensory adaptation.
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A subliminal message is one that is presented
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below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness.
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Weber's law states that
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the change in a stimulus that will be just noticeable is a constant ratio of the original stimulus.
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The process by which sensory information is converted into neural energy is
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transduction
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During a hearing test, many sounds were presented at such a low level of intensity that Mr. Antall could not detect them. These sounds were below Mr. Antall's
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absolute threshold
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Interpreting new sensory information within the framework of a past memory illustrates
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top-down processing
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After hearing rumors about the outbreak of an infectious disease, Alyosha began to perceive his normal aches and pains as disease-related symptoms. His reaction best illustrates the impact of
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perceptual set
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Which of the following is an example of sensory adaptation?
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ceasing to detect a smell, even though it is still present
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Experiments evaluating the impact of subliminal self-help recordings for improving memory indicated that they
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Did not help more than a placebo
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Sensory adaptation refers to
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diminishing sensitivity to an unchanging stimulus
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The local fire department sounds the 12 o'clock whistle. The process by which your ears transform the sound waves from the siren into neural impulses is an example of
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transduction
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After hearing that Bryce had served a prison sentence, Janet began to perceive his friendly behavior as insincere and manipulative. This best illustrates the impact of
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perceptual sets
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If you move your watchband up your wrist an inch or so, you will feel it for only a few moments. This best illustrates
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sensory adaptation
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The size of the difference threshold is greater for heavier objects than for lighter ones. This best illustrates
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effect size
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Sensory adaptation helps us to focus our attention on ________ stimuli.
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new
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The perception of an object as distinct from its surroundings is called
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size constancy
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Rules for organizing stimuli into coherent groups were first identified by
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Gestalt psychologists
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The fact that we recognize objects as having a consistent form regardless of changing viewing angles illustrates
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perceptual constancy
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A door casts an increasingly trapezoidal image on our retinas as it opens, yet we still perceive it as rectangular. This illustrates
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Shape Constancy
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After some practice, Carol was able to read books while holding them upside down. This best illustrates
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perceptual adaptation
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Although college textbooks frequently cast a trapezoidal image on the retina, students typically perceive the books as rectangular objects. This illustrates the importance of
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shape constancy
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Retinal disparity refers to the
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somewhat different images our two eyes receive of the same object
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If two objects cast retinal images of the same size, the object that appears to be closer is perceived as ________ the object that appears to be more distant.
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smaller than
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The monocular depth cue in which an object blocking another object is perceived as closer is
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Interposition
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As the retinal image of a horse galloping toward you becomes larger, it is unlikely that the horse will appear to grow larger. This best illustrates the importance of
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size constancy
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The organizational rules identified by Gestalt psychologists illustrate that
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the perceived whole differs from the sum of its parts
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Although he was wearing a pair of glasses that shifted the apparent location of objects 20 degrees to his right, Lars was eventually able to play tennis very effectively. This best illustrates the value of
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perceptual adaption
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The ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field is called
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Perpetual Adaption
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The perceptual tendency to fill in gaps in order to perceive disconnected parts as a whole object is called
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Grouping
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In the MÜller-Lyer illusion, the arrowheads at the ends of the lines lead people to misjudge the ________ of the two horizontal lines
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the line with arrowheads pointing inwards as longer that the line with arrowheads pointing outwards.
