question

Robert Sternberg distinguished among analytical, practical, and ________ intelligence

answer

creative

question

Spearman's g factor refers to:

answer

a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks.

question

The ability to control one's impulses and delay immediate pleasures in pursuit of long-term goals is most clearly a characteristic of:

answer

emotional intelligence

question

Although Nicole scored well above average on an academic aptitude test, she frequently loses her temper and needlessly antagonizes even her best friends. Her behavior best illustrates a low level of:

answer

emotional intelligence

question

In order to determine whether a child's intellectual development was fast or slow, Binet and Simon assessed the child's:

answer

mental age

question

For the original version of the Stanford-Binet, IQ was defined as:

answer

mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100

question

Five-year-old Wilbur performs on an intelligence test at a level characteristic of an average 4-year-old. Wilbur's mental age is:

answer

4

question

Object assembly, picture arrangement, and block design are three performance subtests of the:

answer

WAIS

question

When Brandon was told that he correctly answered 80 percent of the items on a mathematical achievement test, he asked how his performance compared with that of the average test taker. Brandon's concern was directly related to the issue of:

answer

Standardization

question

If a test yields consistent results every time it is used, it has a high degree of:

answer

reliability

question

A test that measures or predicts what it is supposed to is said to have a high degree of:

answer

Validity

question

A measure of intelligence based on head size is likely to have a ________ level of reliability and a ________ level of validity.

answer

high;low

question

Academic aptitude test scores are most likely to predict accurately the academic success of ________ students.

answer

high school

question

Mr. and Mrs. Linkletter are parents of a mentally retarded child. It is most likely that their child:

answer

was born with an extra chromosome

question

Which of the following observations provides the best evidence that intelligence test scores are influenced by heredity?

answer

Identical twins reared separately are more similar in their intelligence scores than fraternal twins reared together

question

Motivation is defined by psychologists as

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a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal

question

For a thirsty person, drinking water serves to reduce:

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A drive

question

Positive and negative environmental stimuli that motivate behavior are called:

answer

incentives

question

On some college football teams, players are rewarded for outstanding performance with a gold star on their helmets. This practice best illustrates the use of:

answer

incentives

question

Which theory would be most likely to predict that rats are motivated to explore precisely those areas of an experimental maze where they receive mild electric shocks?

answer

Arousal theory

question

According to Maslow, our need for ________ must be met before we are preoccupied with satisfying our need for ________.

answer

adequate clothing; self-esteem

question

In a series of studies, research participants were informed that personality test results indicated they were the type likely to end up alone later in life. As a result, they became ________ likely to underperform on aptitude tests and ________ likely to become aggressive toward someone who had insulted them.

answer

less;more

question

Jeff, who is 14, engages in rigorous tennis drills or competitive play at least four hours every day because he wants to master the sport and play on one of the best college teams in the country. His goal and behavior best illustrate the concept of:

answer

achievement motivation.

question

People who are high in achievement motivation prefer ________ tasks; people who are low in achievement motivation prefer ________ tasks.

answer

moderately difficult; very easy or very difficult

question

The James-Lange theory of emotion states that:

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to experience emotion is to be aware of one's physiological responses to an emotion-arousing event.

question

The idea that an emotion-arousing stimulus is simultaneously routed to the cortex and to the sympathetic nervous system is central to the:

answer

Cannon-Bard theory.

question

According to the James-Lange theory, we experience emotion ________ we notice our physiological arousal. According to the Cannon-Bard theory we experience emotion ________ we become physiologically aroused.

answer

after; at the same time as

question

The two-factor theory of emotion places more emphasis on the importance of ________ than does the James-Lange theory

answer

cognitive activity

question

A therapist tells a patient who is afraid of elevators that his rapid breathing while on an elevator is not due to fear but is a natural consequence of too little oxygen in a small, enclosed space. With this new interpretation of his arousal, the patient no longer dreads elevators. The reduction in the patient's fear is best understood in terms of the:

answer

two-factor theory.

question

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system:

answer

increases respiration and decreases salivation.

question

People are especially good at quickly detecting facial expressions of:

answer

anger

question

Men and women students watched film clips that were sad, happy, or frightening. Measures taken during their viewing of films showed that the genders differed the most in their:

answer

facial expressions of emotion.

question

The fact that people from widely different cultures display and interpret facial expressions of emotion in a similar manner best illustrates the impact of:

answer

human genetic similarities.

question

People experience a mood shift when they switch from taking short shuffling steps to taking long strides and swinging their arms by their sides. This best illustrates:

answer

the behavior feedback phenomenon

question

The term catharsis refers to emotional:

answer

release

question

Subjective well-being among university and college students is ________ with the extent to which love is valued and ________ with the extent to which money is valued

answer

positively correlated; negatively correlated

question

A measure of intelligence based on head size is likely to have a ________ level of reliability and a _______ level of validity.

answer

high;low

question

Achievement tests are designed to

answer

assess learned knowledge or skills

question

Spearman's g factor refers to

answer

a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks.

question

Tests of ________ measure what an individual can do now, whereas tests of ________ predict what an individual will be able to do later.

answer

achievement; aptitude

question

Current intelligence tests compute an individual's intelligence score as

answer

the amount by which the test-taker's performance deviates from the average performance of others the same age.

question

When retested on the WAIS, people's second scores generally match their first scores quite closely. This indicates that the test has a high degree of

answer

reliability

question

Studies of adopted children and their biological and adoptive families demonstrate that with age, genetic influences on intelligence

answer

become more apparent

question

Babies in an Iranian orphanage suffered delayed intellectual development due to

answer

a deprived environment

question

A test of your capacity to learn to be an automobile mechanic would be considered a(n) ________ test.

answer

aptitude

question

When Phoebe strongly disagrees with her sister's opinion, she effectively controls her own anger and responds with empathy to her sister's frustration regarding their dispute. Her behavior best illustrates

answer

emotional intelligence

question

Which term refers to all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating?

answer

cognition

question

For the original version of the Stanford-Binet, IQ was defined as

answer

mental age divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100.

question

Experts would most likely agree that intelligence is a(n)

answer

mental ability to learn from experience

question

Most experts view intelligence as a person's

answer

ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and adapt to new situations.

question

If a test yields consistent results every time it is used, it has a high degree of

answer

reliability

question

Reported racial gaps in average intelligence scores are most likely attributable to

answer

environmental factors

question

Howard Gardner identified a total of ________ relatively independent intelligences.

answer

eight

question

Five-year-old Benjy has an IQ of 120 on the original version of the Stanford-Binet. His mental age is

answer

6

question

A test that measures or predicts what it is supposed to is said to have a high degree of

answer

validity

question

Standardization refers to the process of

answer

defining meaningful scores relative to a representative pretested group

question

A 6-year-old child has a mental age of 9. The child's IQ is

answer

150

question

Alfred Binet and Théodore Simon designed a test of intellectual abilities in order to

answer

identify children likely to have difficulty learning in regular school classes.

question

If a test is standardized, this means that

answer

a person's test performance can be compared with that of a representative pretested group

question

The ability to delay immediate pleasures in pursuit of long-range rewards is most clearly a characteristic associated with

answer

emotional intelligence

question

Broad definition of Intelligence:

answer

The ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills

question

Charles Spearmans s factors are what

answer

Specific factors: verbal, mathematical or spatial skills

question

g factor:

answer

general intelligence, underlying skills and abilities needed to perform well on all tests

question

Howard gardeners theory of intelligence is called what?

answer

Multiple intelligences

question

What is linguistic intelligence

answer

a strong capacity for using language

question

what is logical/mathematical intelligence

answer

strong capacity for using numbers, logic, reasoning

question

Musical intelligence

answer

ability to play or compose music and to recognize patterns and understand the structures of songs

question

Bodily/kinesthetic intelligence

answer

the capacity to use and control ones bodily movements

question

spatial intelligence

answer

ability to understand and visualize spatial relationships

question

naturalist intelligence

answer

sensitivity to and recognition of patterns found in the natural world

question

interpersonal intelligence

answer

awareness of the moods and motivations of others

question

existential intelligence

answer

tendency to ponder questions about life, death and reality

question

What is the triarchic theory of intelligence

answer

Analytic, creative, practical

question

fluid intelligence

answer

the ability to solve problems and think abstractly, independently of past learning, education, or cultural experience

question

crystallized intelligence

answer

the knowledge you've accumulated over the years from prior learning and past experiences

question

What's a criticism about the standard IQ tests?

answer

they measure educational experiences, have exposure to language and reflect cultural learning more than they measure an innate ability for abstract thinking and problem solving

question

What does the SPM do?

answer

The Ravens standard progressive matrices is a nonverbal assessment tool designed to measure one's capacity to observe, solve problems and learn

question

Fluid intelligence

answer

the ability to solve problems and think abstractly, independent of past learning,education or cultural experience (peaks in late adolescence and early adulthood)

question

crystallized intelligence

answer

the knowledge you've accumulated over the years from prior learning and past experiences (continues to improve across the life span and influenced more by environmental variables)

question

Instincts provide what:

answer

a description of behavior yet they don't do a good job at explaining behavior

question

Evolutionary psychology:

answer

based on the principle that behavior is guided by genetic urges and impulses related to survival

question

Drive reduction theory:

answer

when you have a biological need that is not being met, an internal tension occurs

question

A state of tension is called what?

answer

A drive

question

Behaviors are motivated by what

answer

The need to reduce the tension (drive)

question

The tension is reduced when:

answer

You've satisfied your need (ex. food or water)

question

Drive reduction theory centers around the concept of:

answer

homeostasis

question

Homeostasis

answer

Your body is constantly trying to maintain an internal state of balance

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