Psych Quiz 13 – Flashcards
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The _____ perspective is the most integrative approach to psychological disorders.
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biopsychosocial
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Carrie has had trouble sleeping for the past two weeks. She has no energy and feels "blue." Carrie may be suffering from:
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major depressive disorder.
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Perception is to _____ as cognition is to _____.
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hallucination; delusion
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Disorganized speech is to decreased speech as _____ is to _____.
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positive symptom; negative symptom
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Many of the criticisms of the DSM-5 revolve around:
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the potential effects of labeling people based on inflexible categories.
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Classic films such as Sybil and The Three Faces of Eve as well as the recent television series United States of Tara focused on a disorder called _____ in which an individual presents several distinct personalities.
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dissociative identity disorder
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Chase stole money from the local grocery store on the corner to buy beer. He later assaulted a 72-year-old woman and stole her purse. In the alley, he dumped the purse, went to Starbucks for a cup of coffee, and proceeded to take the train. On the train, a woman accidentally stepped on his shoes, and he threw the hot coffee on her and laughed. Chase would be considered to have a(n) _______ personality disorder.
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antisocial
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Although Zebulon realizes his behavior is unreasonable, he is so distraught by high bridges that he avoids them, causing him to take an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Zebulon appears to suffer from:
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specific phobia.
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A true "drama queen" may well have ______ personality disorder.
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histrionic
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Which piece of evidence does NOT directly support a sociocultural perspective on the etiology of psychological abnormality?
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Traumatic childhood experiences are associated with bipolar disorder.
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Abnormal activity in the orbital frontal cortex is implicated in:
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obsessive-compulsive disorder.
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Feeling worthless, difficulty concentrating, and changes in appetite are symptoms of:
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major depressive disorder.
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The primary purpose of the DSM-5 is to provide:
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descriptions of disorders.
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Some people in Japan and Korea suffer from taijin kyofu, a variant of _____ anxiety disorder in which people fear _____.
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social; causing distress to others
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Thirty-five-year-old Lucy needs to have her blood drawn. She is so distraught by this that she must mentally prepare herself for it as well as take a short-acting sedative. Lucy seems to be suffering from:
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specific phobia.
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Which choice BEST expresses historical trends in psychologists' views of schizophrenia's etiology?
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Psychologists once attributed schizophrenia largely to environmental factors. They now believe that genetic factors play a critical role in the disorder's etiology.
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Drugs that block dopamine reduce the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia such as delusions and hallucinations. These drugs therefore lessen the _____ symptoms of the disorder.
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positive
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Michael is extremely fearful of germs. He sleeps in a special chamber at night, wears gloves, and will only eat food that he can unwrap. His symptoms are most characteristic of:
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specific phobia.
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The textbook describes a study in which researchers tracked 144 people with obsessive-compulsive disorder for more than 40 years. Recall the research designs used in developmental psychology. Skoog and Skoog's study exemplifies _____ research.
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longitudinal
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Rhonda is constantly worried about many aspects of her life. She is having trouble sleeping and is experiencing muscle tension. Rhonda is showing signs of:
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generalized anxiety disorder.
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Nick has felt depressed most of the time for the past two years. On this basis, he may be diagnosed with _____ disorder.
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persistent depressive
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The brain areas involved in obsessive-compulsive disorder also contribute to:
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movement.
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According to the textbook, normal and abnormal behavior are BEST viewed as:
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ends of a continuum.
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Paulette cannot recall long stretches of her difficult childhood; Paulette's case is an example of dissociative:
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amnesia.
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People with _____ disorders display rigid, unusual behavior patterns that impair functioning.
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personality
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Hallucination is to delusion as _____ is to _____.
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perception; cognition
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The text suggests that dissociative disorders generally occur as a result of:
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extreme stress or trauma.
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Narcissistic personality disorder is characterized by a(n):
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exaggerated sense of self-importance.
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With respect to depression, Beck is to Seligman as _____ is to _____.
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negative thinking; learned helplessness
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In obsessive-compulsive disorder, compulsions relieve or offset troubling obsessions. Thus, compulsions are therefore maintained through:
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negative reinforcement.
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With respect to schizophrenia, diathesis is to stress as _____ is to _____.
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nature; nurture
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Which statement BEST expresses the relationship between the diathesis-stress model of psychological disorders and the biopsychosocial perspective?
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The diathesis-stress model reflects the biopsychosocial perspective.
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Schizophrenia is associated with a(n):
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decrease in total brain volume.
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Individuals with antisocial personality disorder tend to break the law and violate others' rights. Because these behaviors fall outside society's standards and rules, they reflect the _____ often associated with psychological abnormality.
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deviance
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Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress the intrusive worry that she may have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is most symptomatic of _____ disorder.
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obsessive-compulsive
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The police brought Gabriella to the emergency room after she was seen running down the street in her underwear yelling that she "has the power!" Gabriella was also spending large amounts of money and was agitated and reckless during the past 5 days. In the emergency room, Gabriella would not be quiet long enough for the nurse to ask her questions. Gabriella is MOST likely suffering from _____ disorder.
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bipolar
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Mr. James incorrectly believes that FBI agents are trying to steal his savings. Mr. James is suffering from a(n):
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delusion.
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Lenora is always tense and uneasy. She is plagued by insomnia and muscle tension. Lenora is MOST likely suffering from _____ disorder.
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generalized anxiety
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How might the results of David Rosenhan's study inform an evaluation of the DSM-5's system of classifying psychological disorders?
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The study's results are worrying because they suggest that diagnostic labels strongly affect how a person's behavior is perceived.
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Obsession is to compulsion as _______ is to _______.
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cognition; behavior
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Bipolar I disorder is to bipolar II disorder as _____ is to _____.
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mania; hypomania
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Kyle is extremely manipulative. He can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to their suffering as a result of his actions. His behavior BEST illustrates:
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antisocial personality disorder.
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"Negative reinforcement contributes to the maintenance of not only phobias but also obsessive-compulsive disorder." This statement BEST reflects a _____ perspective on psychological disorders.
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psychological
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Walter has an intense fear of public speaking. Because he can engage only in one-on-one interactions, he has been passed over for promotions. Walter's case illustrates _____ disorder.
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social anxiety
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A manipulative, callous individual with no apparent conscience might be diagnosed with _____ personality disorder.
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antisocial
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The brain abnormalities seen in schizophrenia are thought to be related to psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions. In other words, brain abnormalities may underlie some of the _____ symptoms of the disorder.
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positive
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Klaus has been diagnosed not only with major depressive disorder, but also generalized anxiety disorder. Klaus' case illustrates:
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comorbidity
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Michael complains that threatening voices are constantly telling him he is so evil he should kill himself. Michael is experiencing a(n):
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hallucination
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These days, Adam is sleeping very little. He seems full of energy and enthusiasm. His extreme optimism has led him to take foolish risks. He lost a lot of money, for instance, betting on a horse that he was sure would win. Adam may be in a _____ state.
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manic
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When people suffer from _____, they often feel intense fear that something horrible is about to happen. These feelings last several minutes and include heart palpitations, shortness of breath, and dizziness.
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panic disorder
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Heather has been feeling depressed and listless lately. She has had no motivation and has lost interest in activities she once enjoyed. For Heather to be diagnosed with major depression, these symptoms must last for at least:
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2 weeks.
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_____ is characterized by excessive worry and unease concerning multiple aspects of life.
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Generalized anxiety disorder
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Each day, the obsessions and compulsions of obsessive-compulsive disorder consume at least _____ of a person's day.
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1 hour
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Which psychological disorder is NOT universal?
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koro
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According to the World Health Organization, which psychological disorder causes the MOST disability in terms of missed work days?
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major depressive disorder
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Which mood disorders term is correctly paired with its description?
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hypomania - a less intense, less disruptive state of elation than mania
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Elaine feels that her life is empty. She has lost interest in her career and hobbies, and she wonders if she would be better off dead. She is MOST likely suffering from _____ disorder.
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major depressive
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In _____ disorder, an individual experiences sudden, intense fear or discomfort.
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panic
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Dramatic mood swings are characteristic of a condition known as _____ disorder.
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bipolar
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Major depressive disorder is a set of distressing, disabling cognitive, emotional, and behavioral symptoms. Major depressive disorder is a _____ disorder.
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psychological
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Alex is prone to drastic mood swings. Alex may suffer from a condition known as _____ disorder.
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bipolar
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_____ refers to the occurrence of two or more psychological disorders at the same time.
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Comorbidity
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Boris is a prolific painter. He is prone to periods of hopelessness and depression, which are followed by periods of great creativity. It is likely that Boris is suffering from _____ disorder.
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bipolar
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Suicide rates are highest among:
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White Americans.
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Symptoms that can be incorrectly perceived as those of a heart attack are MOST characteristic of _____ disorder.
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panic
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The textbook suggests that the language often used to discuss psychological disorders BEST reflects the _____ perspective.
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medical
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_____ disorders are defined by an enduring, inflexible pattern of inner experience and behavior that deviates from the expectations of an individual's culture.
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Personality
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Which choice BEST expresses how many states offer some form of the insanity legal defense?
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Almost all of them do.
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_____ is characterized by moods that alternate between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the euphoric, hyperactive state of mania.
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Bipolar disorder
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One positive symptom of schizophrenia is:
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hallucinations.
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Hoang lives in Vietnam. He is terrified that his penis will disappear into his abdomen. Hoang appears to suffer from a disorder called:
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koro.
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Fabiana is dramatic and emotionally volatile. She rapidly forms intense relationships that then blow up or fall apart quickly. Although she tends to distrust others, she also needs their attention. Fabiana might be diagnosed with _______ personality disorder.
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borderline
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Twenty-year-old Brianna lives in a small town. She has always been extremely shy, but lately she has been feeling intensely afraid that others are scrutinizing her. She avoids speaking in class, she no longer goes to parties, and she no longer goes out to eat in restaurants. Brianna seems to be suffering from:
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social phobia.
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Dr. Herbert suggests that dissociative symptoms are created as defenses against the anxiety created by unacceptable unconscious urges. Dr. Herbert reflects psychology's _____ perspective.
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psychodynamic
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Sheila, who has schizophrenia, displays virtually no emotion, no matter how dramatic the event; this is a _____ symptom of schizophrenia.
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negative
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Stacy has to be the life of the party. She wears revealing clothing, even around her married friends' husbands. This behavior has upset a number of her friends, especially when she asked a friend's boyfriend out. On any given weekend, Stacy can be seen at a club dancing on a table. Stacy may be considered to have _____ personality disorder.
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histrionic
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Pam is experiencing a major depressive episode. She is upset that she doesn't feel "like herself," and it bothers her that she has too little energy to participate fully in her family and work life. Pam's discomfort is an example of the _____ associated with psychological abnormality.
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distress
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An intrusive, repetitive thought, urge, or image is called a(n):
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obsession.
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Dr. Alfonso investigates the etiology of psychological disorders. Dr. Alonso's field of specialization is known as _____ psychology.
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abnormal
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Lanie is very dramatic and impulsive. She displays shallow, attention-getting emotions and will do whatever she can to get people to praise her. Lanie exhibits characteristics typical of ______ personality disorder.
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histrionic
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Several times in the past two months, Petra has experienced a racing heart, intense fear that something horrible is about to happen, and an inability to breathe. Petra most likely is suffering from _____ disorder.
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panic
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Which statement BEST expresses the relationship between mania and depression?
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Mania and depression are opposite mood states.
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An individual with a fear of public speaking, going to parties, or eating out MOST likely suffers from _____ disorder.
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social anxiety
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Adults who feel depressed most of the time for two years may be diagnosed with _____ disorder.
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persistent depressive
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Individuals suffering from _____, a disorder seen in _____, believe their souls have left their bodies. The disorder usually develops after a frightening situation.
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susto; Latin America
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Data presented in the textbook indicates that _____ is the most common anxiety disorder among adults.
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specific phobia
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The learning mechanism MOST likely implicated in the development of panic disorder is:
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classical conditioning.
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The term _____ refers to the causes of psychological disorders.
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etiology
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Brett has an intense, irrational fear of needles and other sharp objects. Brett might be diagnosed with:
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specific phobia.
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Disorganized speech is a _____ symptom of schizophrenia. Hearing voices is a _____ symptom.
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positive; positive
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Individuals suffering from bipolar disorder cycle between periods of depression and periods of:
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mania.
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Among individuals who commit suicide, the most common psychological disorders are major depressive disorder and:
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substance abuse disorder.
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Dr. Chapman believes that major depression is best treated through the prescription of drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin in the brain. Dr. Chapman appears to endorse the _____ model of the etiology of psychological disorders.
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medical
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Which perspective on abnormal behavior places the greatest emphasis on early childhood experiences and personality factors?
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the psychological perspective
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Insanity is a _____ term.
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legal
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Gloria is a real "diva": She expects special treatment from others but completely disregards others' feelings. Gloria may have _____ personality disorder.
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narcissistic
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Victor's mother is frustrated because she cannot get Victor involved in any activities. Most days he sits in a chair with no expression on his face. Victor's absence of appropriate behavior exemplifies the _____ typical of schizophrenia.
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negative symptoms
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Omar was found wandering outside a Boise, Idaho discount store. His last memories are of his previous life in Greensboro, North Carolina; he had no memory of his journey to Idaho. Omar's condition is known as dissociative:
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fugue.
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At some time in Hector's life, he became one of the few people who crossed the line from normal worries and quirks to a time-consuming, disruptive impairment in which he must repeatedly do certain things in a certain order to prevent disaster from occurring. Hector's condition is known as _____ disorder.
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obsessive-compulsive
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Dr. Fritsch and Dr. Gupta are debating why depression is more prevalent among women than among men. "Women have fewer economic opportunities than do men, and they experience role conflicts more often," notes Dr. Fritsch. Dr. Gupta remarks that women experience fluctuations in estrogen levels, whereas men do not. Dr. Fritsch appears to take a _____ approach to depressive disorders, whereas Dr. Gupta seems to favor a _____ approach.
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sociocultural; medical
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Jackie is extremely afraid of rejection. As a result, she has always been withdrawn. Her inflexible and enduring behavior patterns have impaired her social functioning, and she may have _____ personality disorder.
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avoidant
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Cross-cultural variants of panic disorder do NOT include:
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taijin kyofu.
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The case of the Genain quadruplets _____ the importance of _____ factors in schizophrenia's etiology.
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affirms; genetic
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Major depressive disorder is diagnosed when at least _____ symptoms of depression are evident.
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5
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Recall the "three Ds" of psychological disorders mentioned in the textbook. The extent to which a behavior falls outside society's standards or rules is referred to as its:
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deviance.
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Butch alternates between periods of dark despair and times of elation, great energy, recklessness, and creativity. Butch seems to suffer from ______ disorder.
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bipolar
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The rates of major depressive disorder may be up to 3 times _____ for women than for men beginning in _____.
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higher; adolescence
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For the past four weeks, Nan has been feeling lethargic and worthless. Her friends are worried because she no longer shows interest in her normal social activities. Nan is MOST likely suffering from _____ disorder.
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major depressive
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Frank was seen laughing inappropriately in the library as if he were responding to internal stimuli. On the bus home, he was crying uncontrollably and suddenly became angered when a fellow passenger offered him a tissue. Frank's excess of inappropriate behaviors exemplify the _____ typical of schizophrenia.
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positive symptoms
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Anxiety disorders are:
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twice as common among women as among men.
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People with schizophrenia demonstrate a severe and chronic loss of contact with reality called:
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psychosis.
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In major depressive disorder, symptoms must be present for at least _____ consecutive weeks.
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4
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Recall the "three Ds" of psychological disorders mentioned in the textbook. Which "D" is correctly matched with its definition?
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dysfunction - the extent to which a behavior interferes with daily life and relationships
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In round numbers, the DSM-5 lists approximately _____ disorders.
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150
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Dex is troubled by his own methamphetamine use; moreover, he has been written up twice lately for missing shifts at work. Dex's case illustrates the _____ associated with psychological abnormality.
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distress and dysfunction
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Schizophrenia:
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affects men earlier in life than it does women.
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______ disorders are characterized by extreme apprehension and debilitating fears.
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Anxiety
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Evidence suggests that persons with depressive disorders may have _____ levels of the hormone _____.
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high; cortisol
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In any given year, the most common type of psychological disorder is:
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anxiety disorders.
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A _____ is a negative attitude about groups of people based on certain shared traits or characteristics.
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stigma
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Taijin kyofu is to ataque de nervios as _____ disorder is to _____ disorder.
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social anxiety; panic
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Specific neurotransmitters are being implicated in an increasing number of psychological disorders. This fact most directly affirms the _____ perspective on abnormality.
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medical
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The two personality disorders that have received the MOST research attention are _____ personality disorder and _____ personality disorder.
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antisocial; borderline
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People who suffer from _____ disorder are so preoccupied by unwanted repetitive thoughts and/or actions that they are unable to function in their daily lives.
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obsessive-compulsive
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Which is NOT one of the "three Ds" of psychological disorders mentioned in the textbook?
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disability
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An excess of the neurotransmitter _____ has long been associated with schizophrenia.
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dopamine
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Compared to chronic medical conditions, psychological disorders are _____ impairing and are _____ often treated.
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more; less
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A(n) _____ is a false belief that often accompanies schizophrenia.
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delusion
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Sleep problems, lack of energy, and a "down" mood are symptomatic of:
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major depressive disorder.
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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is sometimes diagnosed alongside substance use disorder in the same individual. This is an example of:
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comorbidity.
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Kristi has been detached from her friends and classmates. She displays such emotionless disengagement that she might be diagnosed with _____ personality disorder.
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schizoid
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder may reflect reduced activity of the neurotransmitter:
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serotonin.
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Which mood disorder is NOT correctly matched with an example?
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hypomania - For the past couple of years, Robbie has felt "down" most of the time.
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Sally is focused on cleaning her home, which she does for four hours per day. In particular, the fringe on her rugs must be straight on both sides in all five rooms. This takes considerable time, and she often repeats this 10 to 12 times per day. Her experience is most symptomatic of _____ disorder.
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obsessive-compulsive
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The subfield in which psychological disorders are studied is generally known as _____ psychology.
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abnormal
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The anxiety disorders identified in the DSM-5 do NOT include:
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bipolar disorder.
