Test Answers on Psych Quiz 1 – Flashcards
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Contemporary psychology is best defined as the science of
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Behavior and mental processes
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Platos assumption that certain ideas are inborn is most directly relevant to the controversy regarding
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Nature and Nuture
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In its early years, psychology focused on the study of _______; from the 1920's into the 1960s, American psychologists emphasized the study of_______
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Mental illness; effective psychotherapy
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The first psychological laboratory was establish by
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Wilhelm Wundt
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The early school of psychology known as functionalism was developed by
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William James
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Psychology developed from the more establish fields of philosophy and biology. For example, _______ was an American philosopher and ________ was an Austrian physician
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William James; Sigmund Freud
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The nature-nurture issue refers to the debate over the relative contributions that _______ make to the development of psychological traits
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Behavior and mental processes
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Janna has low self esteem because she is often teased for being overweight. Appreciating the complexity of Janna's difficulties requires
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A biopsychosocial approach
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Which perspective would help us understand the impact of strokes and brain diseases on memory
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Neuroscience
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Which perspective highlights the reproductive advantages of inherited psychological traits?
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Evolutionary
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The distinctive feature of the psychodynamic perspective is its emphasis on
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Unconscious conflicts
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Dr. Wilson attributes the delinquent behaviors of many teens to the pressures associated with being members of street gangs. Her account best illustrates a ________ perspective
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Social-cultural
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Dr. Caleigh conducts research on the relationship between adults language skills and their capacity to solve mathematical problems. Dr. Caleigh is most likely a _________psychologist.
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Cognitive
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Clinical psychologists specialize in
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Providing therapy to troubled people
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The specialist most likely to have a medical degree is a
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Psychiatrist
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The hindsight bias refers to peoples tendency to
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Exaggerate their ability to have forseen an outcome
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Jamie was sure she had answered most of the multiple choice questions correctly because the questions were only common sense. They scored very badly, this best illustrates
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Overconfidence
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Lee heard about experimental evidendence that drinking orange juice triggers hyperactivity in children- she questioned whether the tested children had been randomly assigned to the experimental conditions. Her reaction best illustrates
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Critical Thinking
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Psychological Theories:
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-Organize scientific observations -Explain observed facts -Generate hypotheses
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After detailed study of a gunshot wound victim, a psychologist concludes that the brain region destroyed is likely to be important for memory functions. What type of research did she use to deduce this?
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The case study
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In which type of research is a representative, random sample of people asked to answer questions about their behaviors or attitudes
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The survey
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A researcher would be most likely to discover a positive correlation between
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School grades and school absences
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A negative correlation between degree of wealth and likelihood of suffering home a psychological disorder would indicate that
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Psychological disorders usually prevent people from accumulating wealth
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A correlation of +93 between children's physical height and their popularity among their peers indicates that
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Higher levels of popularity among peers is associated with greater physical height in children
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In which type of research would an investigator manipulate one factor and observe its effect on some behavior or mental process?
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Experimentation
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Research participants are randomly assigned to different groups in an experiment in order to
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Increase chances that participants are representative of people in general
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In an experiment to determine the effects of exercise on memory, exercise is the
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Independent variable
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In an experimental study of the effects of anxiety on self esteem, anxiety would be the _________variable
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independent
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An experiment was designed to study the potential impact of alcohol consumption on emotional stability. A specification of the procedures used to measure emotional stability illustrates
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An operational definition
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In a study of the effects of drinking alcohol, some participants drank a nonalcoholic beverage that actually smelled and tasted like alcohol. This nonalcoholic drink was a
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Placebo
