Psych Final – Flashcards
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An individual experiencing a low blood-glucose level would be best advised to do what?
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Eat a snack
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For several weeks, ever since she did not receive a raise that was given to several colleagues, Enid has lacked energy, has been unable to go to work, and has expected bad things to happen every day. She is most likely experiencing what?
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Depression
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Phobic and panic disturbances are examples of what kind of disorders?
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Anxiety
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In an experiment, which variable refers to the outcome that is measured by the experimenter?
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Dependent
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In Sigmund Freud's view, what is the role of the ego?
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Mediate among the id, the superego, and reality
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A hostile person with type A personality is most at risk for developing what?
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Heart disease
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One major objection to the early Skinnerian approach to psychology is what?
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It did not take into account internal thoughts and feelings
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The coiled tube in the inner ear that contains the auditory receptors is called the what?
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Cochlea
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One of the consistent research findings in the area of facial expressions and emotion is what?
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Universality of facial expressions across cultures
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Which part of the brain is most active in decision-making?
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Cerebral cortex
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Psychotic disorders frequently involve perceptions of nonexistent sensory stimulation, such as voices. What are these symptoms called?
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Hallucinations
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Punishment is most effective in eliminating undesired behavior when what?
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Punishment is delivered soon after the behavior
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According to the information-processing view of memory, the first stage in memory processing involves what?
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Encoding
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John suffered a head injury five years ago. He has clear memories of events that occurred before the accident, but he has great difficulty remembering any of the experiences he has had since the accident. What do his symptoms describe?
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Anterograde amnesia
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Drive reduction as a motivational concept is best exemplified by what?
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The injection of heroin by an addict
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Drawing a random sample of people from a town for an interview study of social attitudes ensures what?
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Each person in town has the same probability of being chosen for the study
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Climbing an irregular set of stairs is more difficult for an individual who wears a patch over one eye primarily because why?
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Some depth perception is lost
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Gustatory receptors are sensitive to all of the taste qualities EXCEPT what?
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Spicy
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When a list of words is learned in order, the words most likely to be forgotten are those that are what?
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In the middle of the list
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The rules of grammar are rules of what?
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Syntax
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Psychologists who emphasize the importance of personality traits are most often criticized for what?
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Underestimating the variability of behavior from situation to situation
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A genetically programmed action pattern is the ethologist's definition of what?
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Instinct
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Hypnosis is best described as a state that what?
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Induces heightened suggestibility in the hypnotized individual
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According to the Stanford-Binet formula for an IQ, the IQ of a 10 year old child with a mental age of 8 and a half years is what?
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85
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The precipitous decline of the impatient populations of state and county mental hospitals since the 1950s can be attributed to which of the following?
I. Declining incidence of severe mental illnesses
II. A policy of deinstitutionalization
III. New drug therapies
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II and III only
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According to research on attraction, people are most likely to be attracted to others who are what?
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Similar to themselves in many ways
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An individual's ability to remember the day they first swam the length of a swimming pool is most clearly an example of what kind of memory?
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Episodic
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Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome is an attempt to explain what?
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Reactions to stress
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The result of evolutionary process that preserves traits that enhance the adaptation of an organism and suppresses traits that do no is called what?
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Natural selection
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Graph on attitude change
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Easy messages on television and difficult messages in the newspaper
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A baby looks under the sofa for a ball that just rolled underneath it. According to Piaget, the baby has developed what?
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Object permanence
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Inkblot figures are used in which of the following kinds of tests?
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Projective personality
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Intense artificial light is most successfully used as therapy for what?
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Seasonal affective disorder
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What situation poses an approach-approach conflict for a person who only listens to classical music?
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Choosing to study with one of two friends, both go whom listen to classical music while studying
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In the James-Lange theory of emotion, what immediately precedes an emotion?
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Experience of physiological changes
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What following research methods is being used if the same subjects are tested at 2, 4, and 6?
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Longitudinal
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What is a circadian rhythm?
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A cycle of biological functioning that lasts about 25 hours
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According to cognitive dissonance theory, human beings are motivated to do what?
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Reduce tensions produced by inconsistent thoughts
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An important difference between humanistic and psychoanalytic approaches is that humanistic psychologists believe in the importance of what?
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Free will
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The more people present at a scene, the less likely it is that anyone will help a person in need. This phenomenon is known as what?
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Diffusion of responsibility
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One suspected cause of schizophrenia is the abnormal increase of what neurotransmitter?
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Dopamine
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Studies of learning have shown that animals develop an aversion for tastes associated with what?
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Sickness
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An individual's fear of dogs that is lost as the individual is exposed to dogs in nonthreatening situations is referred to to by behaviorists as a fear that has been what?
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Extinguished
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Gestalt principles are used to explain what?
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Perceptual organization
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Sabrina plays on a rugby team and collects antique dolls. Peter is on the football team and loves to cook. Both Sabrina and Peter demonstrate a high degree of what?
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Androgyny
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A student who obtained a percentile rank of 75 on an achievement test is best characterized as having what?
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Scored higher than 75% of the test takers
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The general function of the bones in the middle ear is to what?
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Transfer sound information from the tympanic membrane to the oval window
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What regularity in behavior can most likely be accounted for by the existence of a group norm?
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Students tend to use less profanity with adults that they do with their peers
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A brain tumor that results in obesity would most likely be located in the what?
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Area of the hypothalamus
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What personality disorders are characterized by behavior that includes dishonesty, repeated trouble with authority figures, and an absence of remorse for these types of conduct?
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Antisocial
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The most distinctive characteristic of the experimental method is that it what?
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Seeks to establish cause-effect relationships
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The performance of the group on which an IQ test is standardized sets what?
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Norms against which the performance of later test takers can be evaluated