Psych Exam Part 2 (Previous Quizzes) – Flashcards
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who developed the first comprehensive theory of personality?
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freud
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The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective test
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in which people are presented with ambiguous images
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____ theorists attempt to explain our personality by identifying our stable characteristics and ways of behaving.
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trait
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Who believed that our personality traits are influenced by our genetic inheritance?
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Hans and Sybil Eysenck
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Who developed social cognitive theory?
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Bandura
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The ____ refers to the common psychological tendencies that have been passed down from one generation to the next.
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collective unconscious
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Who suggested that men have womb envy because they cannot give birth?
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Horney
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An archetype is a
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pattern that exists in our collective unconscious across cultures and societies
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Carl Jung referred to the ____ as the mask we adopt.
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persona
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The traits openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism are key components of the ___
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Five Factor Model
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Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?
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denial
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After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. What defense mechanism?
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Regression
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According to Freud, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites nails, is fixated in the ____ stage of her psychosexual development.
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Oral
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The _____ is composed of a series of true and false questions in order to establish ones clinical profile.
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MMPI - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
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The ____ Inkblot Test employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist in an effort to reveal the person's unconscious desires, fears, and struggles.
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Rorschach
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During which period are sexual feelings dormant as children focus on other pursuits such as school, friendships, hobbies, and sports?
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latency
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Many cultures have stories about a hero who goes on a quest. What would Carl Jung say this exemplified?
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Archetype
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According to Abraham Maslow, the highest need is
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self-actualization
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What was one of Alfred Adler's main contributions to personality theory?
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suggesting that our birth orders shape personality.
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____ refers to prejudice and discrimination against individuals based solely on their same-sex orientation.
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Homophobia
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Mona works at a bank. When Luis, a Colombian man, arrives to drop off his paycheck, she pretends to be busy and directs him to another tellers. She does this whenever a non-white person wants assistance. This is an example of ____.
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discrimination
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Negative beliefs about individuals based solely on their membership in a group
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stereotypes
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The ____ is demonstrated by the attack on Kitty Genovese
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Bystander effect
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Suppose you are walking down a street. A women has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ____.
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Diffusion of responsibility
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Travis is part of a group playing tug-of-war. He knows that his team is stronger, so he doesn't try as hard as he could. Travis is engaged in ___.
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social loafing
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A couple share household chores as equally as possible. They take turns with the cooking and driving their son to daycare. Both work outside the home and one takes responsibility of the boy one night a week. Their relationship has ___.
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Reciprocity
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What strategy would be effective in preventing groupthink from occurring
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seeking outside opinions on group decisions.
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What was the major flaw in the Stanford prison study?
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Zimbardo did not use a control group
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What is a major problem with the original Milgram study?
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Milgram lied to his respondents, making his study borderline unethical.
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What is the major flaw in the Asch conformity study?
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Asch ignored the importance of several factors influencing conformity- race, class, and gender.
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What is the main point of Milgram's obedience study?
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Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.
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Social psychology
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people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social situations
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What is the main point of the Stanford prison experiment?
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social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior.
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Which type of social influence involves conformity to a group norm prompted by the belief that the group is competent and has the correct information?
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informational
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Which type of persuasion involves logic-driven arguments using data and facts to convince people of an argument's worthiness?
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central route
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Which type of persuasion involves an indirect route that relies on association of peripheral cues to associate positivity with a message?
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peripheral route
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A ____ is the evaluation of our feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative.
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attitude
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Following an outcome, ____ are those attributions that enable us to see ourselves in favorable light.
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Self-serving bias
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Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she likes to bully him, not because she had a bad day. Lee is making a ____.
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fundamental attribution error
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A psychological disorder is a ___.
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a condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
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Who argued that the notion of mental illness was invented by society (& the mental health establishment) to stigmatize and subjugate people whose behavior violates accepted social and legal norms?
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Thomas Szasz
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Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the US?
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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The ____ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events
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diathesis-stress
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____ disorders are characterized b excessive, persistent fear and apprehensions and by related disturbances in behavior.
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anxiety
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People with ____ disorders experiences thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts.
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obsessive compulsive
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Which of the following defines antisocial personality disorder?
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lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibilty, and lack of remorse over misdeeds.
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___ involves thoughts of death by suicide, thinking about or planning suicide, or making a suicide attempt.
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Suicidal ideation
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What disorder is characterized by major disturbances in thought, perception and behavior?
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schizophrenia
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What kind of symptoms involve reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives?
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negative
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Donna exhibits two separate personalities, each well-defined and distinct from one another, so her doc diagnosed her with ___.
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dissociative identity disorder
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Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails. What kind of delusion is this?
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somatic
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what symptom of schizophrenia is illustrated: So bees with knees have fleas and fleas jump, I jump like a jack.
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disorganized thinking
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Nathan has an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance. He is preoccupied with fantasies of success and believes that he is entitled to special treatment from others. Which is the diagnoses?
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Narcissistic personality disorder
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Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently she wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which is the diagnoses?
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boarderline personality disorder
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What are common characteristics of all anxiety disorders?
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excessive, persistent fear and anxiety
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Repeated drug use/and or alcohol use after a period of improvement from substance abuse is
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relapse
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Addiction is often viewed as a ___ disease.
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chronic
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humanistic therapy is also called ___ therapy.
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client-centered therapy
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Aversive conditioning is a ____
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counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior.
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ECT stands for
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electro-convulsive therapy
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In medieval times, abnormal behaviors were viewed as a sign that a person was
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possessed by demons
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Who developed psychoanalysis?
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Sigmund Freud
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Rafael is in therapy and one of his goals is to overcome his pessimistic attitude. His therapist helps him eliminate thought patterns that lead to distress. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?
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cognitive therapy
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Thora decides to treat her fear of heights by exposing her self to heights using a stimulus hierarchy. What form of therapy is this?
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systematic desensitization
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The amount of time spent in therapy depends on the needs of the client and the
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client's personal goals
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What is a benefit of group therapy?
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It can decrease a client's shame and isolation about a problem
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A man is arrested for drunk driving. His sentences includes attending therapy sessions to treat alcohol addiction. He doesn't want to attend these sessions, but his sentence will be extended if he does not attend them. What kind of treatment is this?
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involuntary
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Which mental disorder is least likely to be treated in children 8-15 years old?
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anxiety disorder
