Question 1

Through direct experience with animals, we come to anticipate that dogs will bark and that birds will chirp. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

associative learning

Question 2

Pavlov noticed that dogs began salivating at the mere sight of the person who regularly brought food to them. For the dogs, the sight of this person was a(n)

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conditioned stimulus

Question 3

Blinking in response to a puff of air directed to your eye is a

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UR

Question 4

Conditioning seldom occurs when a ________ comes after a(n) _____

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CS; US

Question 5

Long after her conditioned fear of dogs had been extinguished, Marcy experienced an unexpected surge of nervousness when first shown her cousin\'s new cocker spaniel. Her unexpected nervousness best illustrates

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spontaneous recovery

Question 6

A year after surviving a classroom shooting incident, Angie still responds with terror at the sight of toy guns and to the sound of balloons popping. This reaction best illustrates

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generalization

Question 7

John B. Watson believed that psychology should be the science of

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observable behavior

Question 8

If you have a \"frightening experience\" immediately after hearing a strange sound, your fear may be aroused when you hear that sound again. This best illustrates

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classical conditioning

Question 9

Researchers condition a flatworm to contract when exposed to light by repeatedly pairing the light with electric shock. The electric shock is a(n)

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unconditioned stimulus

Question 10

You repeatedly hear a tone just before having a puff of air directed to your eye. Blinking to the tone presented without an air puff is a

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CS

Question 11

After being bitten by his neighbor\'s dog, Miguel experienced fear at the sight of that dog but not at the sight of other dogs. This best illustrates the process of

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discrimination

Question 12

The infant Albert developed a fear of rats after a white rat was associated with a loud noise. In this example, fear of the white rat was the

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CR

Question 13

The law of effect was most clearly highlighted by

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Skinner\'s experiments on reinforcement

Question 14

In teaching her son to play basketball, Mrs. Richards initially reinforces him with praise for simply dribbling while standing still, then only for walking while dribbling, and finally only for running while dribbling. She is using a procedure known as

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shaping

Question 15

If the onset of a light reliably signals the onset of food, a rat in a Skinner box will work to turn on the light. In this case, the light is a ________ reinforcer

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conditioned

Question 16

Airline frequent flyer programs that reward customers with a free flight after every 50,000 miles of travel illustrate the use of a ________ schedule of reinforcement

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fixed-ratio

Question 17

Punishment ________ the rate of operant responding, and negative reinforcement ________ the rate of operant responding

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decreases; increases

Question 18

If children get attention from their parents for doing cartwheels, they will repeat the trick in anticipation of more attention. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

operant conditioning

Question 19

Matt regularly buckles his seat belt simply because it turns off the car\'s irritating warning buzzer. This best illustrates the value of

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negative reinforcement

Question 20

A word of praise is to a soothing back rub as ________ is to ________

Accepted Answer

conditioned reinforcer; primary reinforcer

Question 21

A pigeon receives food for pecking a key, but only rarely and on unpredictable occasions. This best illustrates

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partial reinforcement

Question 22

For professional baseball players, swinging at a pitched ball is reinforced with a home run on a ________ schedule

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variable-ratio

Question 23

An organism\'s ability to mentally anticipate that a US will follow a CS is most likely to be highlighted by a(n) ________ perspective

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cognitive

Question 24

Rats easily learn to associate nausea-producing radiation treatments with

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novel tastes

Question 25

If one chimpanzee watches a second chimp solve a puzzle for a food reward, the first chimp may thereby learn how to solve the puzzle. According to many researchers, this best illustrates

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observational learning

Question 26

An empathic husband who sees his wife in pain will exhibit some of the same brain activity she is showing. According to many researchers, this best illustrates the functioning of

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mirror neurons

Question 27

Children often imitate behaviors seen on television. This best illustrates the impact of

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modeling

Question 28

If you get violently ill a couple of hours after eating contaminated food, you will probably develop an aversion to the taste of that food but not to the sight of the restaurant where you ate or to the sound of music you heard there. This best illustrates that associative learning is constrained by

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biological predispositions

Question 29

Research participants formed more gut-level liking for PokÃ©mon characters associated with positive rather than negative images. This best illustrates the impact of

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classical conditioning

Question 30

Caroline loves to read and enjoys looking up the meanings of words she does not know. In school, her teacher promises a gold star to students each time they learn a new word. The teacher\'s behavior is most likely to undermine

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intrinsic motivation

Question 31

Children who are promised a payoff for playing with an interesting toy have later been observed to play with the toy less than those who are not promised the reward. This provides evidence for the role of ________ in operant behavior

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cognitive processes

Question 32

Which pioneering learning researcher highlighted the antisocial effects of aggressive models on children\'s behavior?

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Albert Bandura

Question 33

After Maya gave her friend the password to a protected website, the friend was able to remember it only long enough to type it into the password box. In this instance, the password was clearly stored in her ________ memory

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short-term

Question 34

Mr. Nydam suffers amnesia and is unable to remember playing golf several times each week on a particular course. Yet the more he plays the course, the more his game improves. His experience illustrates the need to distinguish between

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explicit memory and implicit memory

Question 35

Another term for implicit memory is ________ memory

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nondeclaritive

Question 36

Mentally rehearsing the glossary definitions of unfamiliar terms in order to remember them for a later test illustrates

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effortful processing

Question 37

Employing the single word HOMES to remember the names of North America\'s five Great Lakes best illustrates the use of

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a mnemonic technique

Question 38

The semantic processing of the words in a short poem illustrates

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deep processing

Question 39

Researchers now recognize the active information processing that occurs in short-term memory and refer to it as ________ memory

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working

Question 40

When you hear familiar words in your native language, it is virtually impossible not to register the meanings of the words. This best illustrates the importance of

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automatic processing

Question 41

Which of the following is most likely to be stored as an implicit memory

Accepted Answer

a mental image of one\'s best friend

Question 42

Combining individual letters into familiar words enables you to remember more of the letters in this sentence. This best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

chunking

Question 43

Which of the following questions about the word depressed would best prepare you to correctly remember tomorrow that you had seen the word on this quiz?

Accepted Answer

How well does the word describe you?

Question 44

The semantic processing of the words in a short poem illustrates

Accepted Answer

deep processing

Question 45

Which of the following is central to the processing of procedural memories?

Accepted Answer

hippocampus

Question 46

Damage to the ________ would most likely interfere with a person\'s memory of how to play the piano

Accepted Answer

basal ganglia

Question 47

Conscious memories of emotionally stressful events are especially likely to be facilitated by activation of the

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amygdala

Question 48

Which of the following is believed to be the synaptic basis for learning and memory?

Accepted Answer

long-term potentiation

Question 49

Passing an electric current through the brain during electroconvulsive therapy is most likely to disrupt ________ memory

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short term

Question 50

Having read a story once, certain amnesia victims will read it faster the second time even though they can\'t recall having seen the story before. They have most likely suffered damage to the

Accepted Answer

hippocampus

Question 51

Damage to the ________ would most likely interfere with learning a conditioned fear response to the sight of a dog who had bitten you on several occasions

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cerebellum

Question 52

The amygdala boosts activity in the brain\'s memory-forming areas when stimulated by

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stress hormones

Question 53

Many people can easily recall exactly what they were doing when they first learned of the death of a close friend or family member. This best illustrates ________ memory

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flashbulb

Question 54

The receptor sites of receiving neurons have been observed to increase following

Accepted Answer

long-term potentiation

Question 55

Hearing the word \"rabbit\" may lead people to spell the spoken word \"hair\" as \"h-a-r-e.\" This best illustrates the outcome of a process known as

Accepted Answer

priming

Question 56

The recall of sad experiences is often primed by feelings of sadness. This most clearly illustrates

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mood-congruent memory

Question 57

At a block party, Cyndi is introduced to eight new neighbors. Moments later, she remembers only the names of the first three and last two neighbors. Her experience illustrates

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the serial position effect

Question 58

After suffering a brain injury in a motorcycle accident, Arotza cannot form new memories. He can, however, remember events before the accident. Arotza\'s memory difficulty most clearly illustrates

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anterograde amnesia

Question 59

The happier Judie is, the more readily she recalls positive life experiences. This best illustrates that emotional states can become

Accepted Answer

retrieval cues

Question 60

Activating memories of your childhood by forming vivid mental images of various locations in your childhood home best illustrates

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priming

Question 61

Julie most accurately recalls information learned in her history classroom when her recall is tested in the very same classroom. This best illustrates

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context-dependent memory

Question 62

Information learned while a person is ________ is best recalled when that person is ________

Accepted Answer

drunk; drunk

Question 63

Whenever Valerie experiences intense feelings of fear, she is overwhelmed with childhood memories of her abusive parents. Valerie\'s experience best illustrates

Accepted Answer

mood-congruent memory

Question 64

On the phone, Dominic rattles off a list of 10 grocery items for Kyoko to bring home from the store. Immediately after hearing the list, Kyoko attempts to write down the items. She is most likely to forget the items

Accepted Answer

in the middle of the list

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