question

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

answer

Personality disorder characterized by self-preoccupation, inflated estimates of one's abilities and attractiveness, and the need for others to focus on oneself.

question

Conversion Disorder

answer

A somatic symptom disorder in which a psychological problem manifests itself as a deficit in physiological functioning (e.g. blindess, paralysis). Freud called these "Hysterias".

question

Dissociative Disorders

answer

Group of disorders that involve dysfunction of memory or an altered state of identity (e.g. dissociative identity disorder, dissociative amnesia)

question

Histrionic Personality Disorder

answer

Personality disorder characterized by excessive emotional reactions and excitability, as well as by the need for attention and overly dramatic behavior

question

Somatic Symptom-Related Disorders

answer

This category of disorders includes psychological disorders characterized by physical symptoms without any (known) physical causes. Illness Anxiety Disorder and Conversion Disorder are examples.

question

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

answer

a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

question

Illness Anxiety Disorder

answer

A somatic symptom disorder characterized by excessive preoccupation with health concerns and incessant worry about developing physical illnesses.

question

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

answer

also called multiple personality disorder; person displays more than one distinct personality & these personalities are expressed a different times.

question

Narcolepsy

answer

a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks

question

Bipolar Disorder

answer

a mental disorder characterized by episodes of mania and depression

question

dopamine

answer

a neurotransmitter that is associated with Parkinson's disease (too little of it) and schizophrenia (too much of it)

question

hallucination

answer

sensory experience without an accompanying sensory stimulus; auditory most common

question

Major Depressive Disorder

answer

depressive disorder characterized by two weeks or more of low energy and mood

question

Factitious Disorder

answer

disorder in which the sufferer purposefully ingests harmful substances or engages in acts of self-harm or mutilation in order to obtain medical attention

question

tardive dyskinesia

answer

side effect of antipsychotic medications; repetitive, uncontrollable muscle movements

question

SSRI's

answer

most commonly used drug treatment for depression; examples include Prozac and Zoloft

question

benzodiazepenes

answer

central nervous system depressants used to treat anxiety disorders; examples include Xanax, Valium, and Librium

question

neuroleptics

answer

drugs used to treat psychotic disorders; includes Risperdal, Clozaril, Thorazine

question

Lithium Carbonate

answer

most common drug treatment for bipolar disorder

question

eating disorders

answer

anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are examples

question

bulimia nervosa

answer

eating disorder marked by episodes of binge eating followed by purging (through use of laxatives or induced vomiting)

question

Anorexia Nervosa

answer

eating disorder wherein the sufferer is irrationally concerned about weight gain and avoids eating, despite being significantly underweight for his/her age and height

question

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

answer

caused by exposure to trauma, such as war or violence, which leads to recurring thoughts and anxiety related to the trauma

question

sleep disorders

answer

narcolepsy, sleep apnea, and night terrors are examples

question

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)

answer

cognitive therapy developed by Albert Ellis; therapist often directly challenges the patient's irrational beliefs

question

Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT)

answer

cognitive therapy developed by Aaron Beck; therapist works with the patient to correct maladaptive thoughts and harmful beliefs through hypothesis testing

question

systematic desensitization

answer

behavioral treatment for anxiety disorders that requires creation of a fear hierarchy; the patient approaches tasks on the list while practicing relaxation

question

flooding

answer

behavioral treatment for anxiety disorders that requires the patient confront the fearful situation at full force

question

counterconditioning

answer

behavioral treatment (using classical conditioning principles) that seeks to remove the association between a particular stimulus and the fearful response

question

psychoanalysis

answer

Freud's "talking cure" that includes techniques like free association, dream interpretation, hypnosis, etc.

question

free association

answer

Psychoanalytic technique that requires the patient to speak of anything that comes to mind, without censorship

question

transference

answer

in Freudian theory, when a patient redirects feelings for a (for example) parent or loved one toward the therapist

question

resistance

answer

pauses in speech or gaps in memory that occur during free association; believed by psychoanalysts to indicate attempts at repression

question

Gestalt Therapy

answer

methods pioneered by Fritz Perls; includes the "empty chair" technique, use of "I-statements" and metaphor

question

client-centered therapy

answer

therapy developed by Carl Rogers; non-directive

question

unconditional positive regard

answer

according to Rogers, humans develop to their fullest when others display this: a total acceptance of others' value (without judgment)

question

active listening

answer

conversational method used by client-centered therapists: includes summarizing and clarifying questions, as well as non-verbal signals of understanding

question

token economy

answer

system used to encourage positive behaviors by providing small rewards that can be exchanged for desired items; relies on principles of operant conditioning

question

rTMS

answer

treatment for depression that involves passing an electromagnet back & forth close to the person's left eyebrow (left frontal lobe).

question

psychopharmacology

answer

the study of the effects of drugs on the mind and behavior

question

Dorothea Dix

answer

known for her efforts to reform psychiatric institutions and improve living conditions for the mentally ill during the 19th century

question

Aaron Beck

answer

known for developing a model of cognitive therapy

question

Albert Ellis

answer

founder of Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy

question

Sigmund Freud

answer

father of psychoanalysis

question

Carl Rogers

answer

founder of person-centered (client-centered) therapy

question

Joseph Wolpe

answer

credited with establishing procedure for systematic desensitization

question

anxiolytics

answer

general term for drugs that reduce feelings of anxiety

question

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

answer

A disorder characterized by pervasive, "free-floating" anxiety not connected to any one, specific stimulus

question

Specific Phobia

answer

Anxiety disorder characterized by irrational and persistent fear of a particular object or situation, along with a compelling desire to avoid it.

question

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

answer

a disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions).

question

Panic Disorder

answer

anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks

question

Anxiety Disorders

answer

psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety (includes phobias, GAD, panic disorder, etc.)

question

Manic episode

answer

a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state; occurs in persons with bipolar disorder

question

Persistent Depressive Disorder

answer

a low-grade chronic depression with symptoms that are milder than those of severe depression but are present on a majority of days for 2 or more years; also known as dysthymia

question

Somatic Symptom Disorder

answer

A disorder marked by a history of diverse physical symptoms that appear to be psychological in origin.

question

Personality Disorders

answer

psychological disorders characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning

question

Antisocial Personality Disorder

answer

a personality disorder in which the person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist

question

Borderline Personality Disorder

answer

a personality disorder characterized by lack of stability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotion; impulsivity; angry outbursts; intense fear of abandonment; recurring suicidal gestures

question

Behavioral Therapies

answer

Treatments designed to change behavior through the use of established learning techniques (for example, systematic desensitization, token economies); more concerned with change in behavior than any underlying thoughts

question

aversion conditioning

answer

A method that uses classical conditioning to create a negative response to a particular stimulus (e.g. a client with a paraphilia might be trained to respond negatively to a previously arousing stimulus). Also known as avoidance conditioning.

question

behavior modification

answer

psychotherapy that seeks to extinguish or inhibit abnormal or maladaptive behavior by reinforcing desired behavior and extinguishing undesired behavior (i.e. use of operant conditioning techniques to adjust behavior)

question

modeling

answer

use of observational learning processes to help a client change behavior; the process of observing and imitating a behavior (e.g. a therapist might demonstrate how to introduce oneself to a stranger at a party and have the client repeat/mimic the behavior).

question

Cognitive Therapies

answer

Treatments designed to remove irrational beliefs and negative thoughts that are presumed to be responsible for psychological disorders; includes CBT, REBT

question

stress inoculation

answer

stress management technique in which a person consciously tries to prepare ahead of time for potential stressors

question

Psychodynamic therapies

answer

looks at unconscious conflicts, defense mechanisms and symptom resolution in a broader manner than Freud; often more brief and present-focused than traditional psychoanalysis

question

Humanistic therapies

answer

therapies that emphasize the development of human potential and the belief that human nature is basically positive

question

empty-chair technique

answer

A role-playing intervention often used in Gestalt psychotherapy in which clients play conflicting parts. This typically consists of clients engaging in an imaginary dialogue between different sides of themselves.

question

I-statements

answer

promoted by Gestalt therapists and others, this type of statement illustrates willingness to take responsibility for own feeling and actions by describing our feelings, rather than evaluating others

question

Family & Group Therapies

answer

therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members. Group therapies, in general, emphasize shared experience and mutual support.

question

Biomedical therapies

answer

the use of medications, electroconvulsive therapy, or other medical treatments to treat the symptoms associated with psychological disorders

question

Risperdal

answer

(Risperidone) antipsychotic used to treat schizophrenia; Dopamine antagonist

question

Haldol

answer

(Haloperidol) tranquilizer used to treat some psychotic disorders and Tourette's syndrome; one of the "old" antipsychotics

question

Thorazine

answer

An "old" antipsychotic drug thought to block receptor sites for dopamine, making it effective in treating the delusional thinking, hallucinations and agitation commonly associated with schizophrenia.

question

Clozaril

answer

Antipsychotic drug; Blocks serotonin activity as well as dopamine. Requires regular blood tests to determine any abnormal changes on white blood cells (thus, less commonly used treatment)

question

antidepressants

answer

drugs that combat depression by affecting the levels or activity of neurotransmitters in the brain (e.g. SSRI's and MAOI's)

question

psychosurgery

answer

brain surgery on human patients intended to relieve severe and otherwise intractable mental or behavioral problems

question

lobotomy

answer

a now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain

question

medical model

answer

the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital

question

Bio-Psycho-Social Model

answer

contemporary perspective that assumes biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors combine and interact to produce psychological disorders

question

DSM-5

answer

version of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders published in 2013; includes changes to many diagnostic categories and more emphasis on severity of symptoms in diagnosis

question

McNaughten Rule

answer

a rule determing insanity, which asks whether the defendant knew what he or she was doing or whether the defendant knew what he or she was doing was wrong

question

sanity/insanity

answer

LEGAL (not psychiatric) determination of whether someone was aware enough of their own actions to be held responsible for their behavior.

question

Mary Cover Jones

answer

"mother of behavior therapy"; used classical conditioning to help "Little Peter" overcome fear of rabbits

question

Fritz Perls

answer

Creator of Gestalt Therapy

question

Paraphilias

answer

Sexual disorders and deviations in which sexual arousal occurs almost exclusively in the context of inappropriate objects or individuals. (e.g. pedophilia)

question

serotonin

answer

neurotransmitter believed to be in short supply for depression-sufferers

question

positive symptoms

answer

Schizophrenic symptoms that involve behavioral excesses or peculiarities, such as hallucinations, delusions, bizarre behavior, and wild flights of ideas.

question

negative symptoms

answer

Schizophrenic symptoms that involve behavioral deficits, such as flattened emotions, social withdrawal, apathy, impaired attention, and poverty of speech.

question

flat affect

answer

a lack of emotional responsiveness

question

delusions

answer

false beliefs, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders

question

flight of ideas

answer

symptom of schizophrenia; a confused state in which thoughts and speech go in all directions with no unifying concept

question

clinical psychologist

answer

psychologist who treats people serious psychological problems or conducts research into the causes of behavior; holds a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology

question

psychiatrist

answer

a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders; can prescribe medication; holds an M.D. and likely has extensive training therapy & treatment

question

dodo bird verdict

answer

refers to the finding of similar efficacy (effectiveness) for widely differing therapies; in Alice in Wonderland, the dodo bird declares "all have won and all must have prizes!"

question

placebo effect

answer

the healing effect that faith in medicine, even inert medicine, often has; may be one of the reasons people overestimate the effectiveness of any particular psychotherapy

question

light exposure therapy

answer

Treats seasonal affective disorder (SAD); scientifically proven to be effective, exposure to daily doses of intense light. Increases activity in the adrenal gland and the superchiasmatic nucleus.

question

regression toward the mean

answer

the tendency for unusual events (or emotions) to return toward their average state; may be one reason many suffering from mental disorders seem to improve with time & that benefits of psychotherapy get overestimated

question

meta-analysis

answer

a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies; used to evaluated effectiveness of psychotherapies

question

agoraphobia

answer

a morbid fear of open spaces or places from which quick escape would be difficult (like a large crowd); often occurs with Panic Disorder (though not always)

question

depressive disorders

answer

general category of mood disorders in which people show extreme and persistent sadness, despair, and loss of interest in life's usual activities.

question

rumination

answer

compulsive fretting; overthinknig about our problems and their causes

question

Social Anxiety Disorder

answer

An anxiety disorder involving the extreme and irrational fear of being embarrassed, judged, or scrutinized by others in social situations

question

linkage analysis

answer

genetic research strategy: locate families that have had the disorder across several generations, draw blood from both affected and unaffected and examine DNA looking for differences

question

non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI)

answer

self-harm (e.g., "cutting," self-tattoo, burning oneself) done in order to relieve emotional distress, signal need for help, or to fit in.

question

binge eating disorder

answer

Significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that marks bulimia nervosa.

question

insight therapies

answer

any therapy aimed at improving psychological functioning by increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses (e.g., psychoanalytic, humanistic, some cognitive approaches)

question

diathesis-stress model

answer

A model of mental disorders that attributes them to a combination of genetic predispositions and environmental stress factors.

question

acute schizophrenia

answer

Type of schizophrenia that develops rapidly (due to stressor) and recovery is better; more likely to display positive symptoms. Also called "reactive"

question

chronic schizophrenia

answer

When schizophrenia is slow to develop, recovery is doubtful. These patients usually display more negative symptoms. Also called "process"

question

virtual reality exposure therapy

answer

an anxiety treatment that uses technology to progressively expose people to simulations of their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking

question

therapeutic lifestyle change

answer

an approach to preventing mental health problems by adopting a healthy lifestyle (which includes aerobic exercise, adequate sleep, light exposure, and social connection)

question

therapeutic alliance

answer

the bond of trust and mutual understanding between therapist and client, who work together to overcome the client's problem; research has suggested that the strength of this relationship predicts the effectiveness of therapy

Psych Disorders and Treatment – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards