question

Learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentive to demonstrate it is called:

answer

latent learning

question

Respondent behavior is defined as a ________ response to some stimulus.

answer

automatic

question

In classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus signals the impending occurrence of:

answer

an unconditioned stimulus.

question

Voluntary behaviors that produce rewarding or punishing outcomes are called:

answer

operant behaviors.

question

Our ability to learn by witnessing the behavior of others best illustrates:

answer

observational learning.

question

Extinction occurs when a ________ is no longer paired with a ________.

answer

CS; US

question

Learning that some responses, but not others, will be punished is called:

answer

discrimination

question

A fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a

answer

specified number of responses have been made.

question

Dogs conditioned to salivate to stimulation of the thigh also begin to salivate when stimulated on other body parts. This best illustrates:

answer

generalization

question

Positive reinforcers ________ the rate of operant responding, and negative reinforcers ________ the rate of operant responding.

answer

increase; increase

question

The ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus is called:

answer

discrimination

question

Any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response is called a

answer

positive reinforcer.

question

A partial reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response after an unpredictable number of responses is a ________ schedule.

answer

variable-ratio

question

Conditioning is the process of:

answer

learning associations.

question

A partial reinforcement schedule that reinforces a response that occurs after an unpredictable period of time is a ________ schedule.

answer

variable-interval

question

In classical conditioning, generalization refers to the tendency for the conditioned response to be evoked by stimuli that are similar to the:

answer

conditioned stimulus

question

The desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment involves:

answer

extrinsic motivation.

question

Intrinsic motivation refers to a desire to perform an activity:

answer

for the sake of its own enjoyment.

question

Resistance to extinction is most strongly encouraged by ________ reinforcement.

answer

intermittent

question

A fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a

answer

specified time period has elapsed.

question

Shaping is a procedure in which reinforcers are:

answer

used to guide actions closer and closer to a desired behavior.

question

Primary reinforcers could best be described as:

answer

innately satisfying stimuli.

question

Administering an aversive stimulus following an operant response is:

answer

positive punishment.

question

An event or situation signaling that an operant response will be reinforced is called a

answer

discriminative stimulus.

question

Learning specific behaviors simply by watching others perform them is known as:

answer

observational learning.

question

A dog salivates to the sound of a tone because the tone has regularly been associated with the delivery of food. In this case, the tone is called a

answer

conditioned stimulus.

question

Psychologists define learning as the process of:

answer

acquiring through experience new information or relatively enduring behaviors.

question

The type of learning in which one comes to associate two stimuli and thereby anticipate events is called:

answer

classical conditioning

question

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning is called a

answer

neutral stimulus.

question

The reappearance, after a time lapse, of an extinguished CR is called:

answer

spontaneous recovery.

question

A stimulus that acquires reinforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer is called a ________ reinforcer.

answer

conditioned

question

An event that strengthens the behavior it follows is a

answer

reinforcement

question

Any stimulus that, when removed after a response, strengthens the response is called a

answer

negative reinforcer

question

Evidence that organisms most readily learn behaviors favored by natural selection best illustrates the importance of:

answer

biological constraints.

question

Animals tend to revert from newly learned habits to their biologically predisposed behaviors. This is an example of:

answer

instinctive drift.

question

In classical conditioning, the NS becomes a ________ after it reliably signals the impending occurrence of the ________.

answer

CS; US

question

If rats are allowed to wander through a maze, they will subsequently run the maze with few errors when a food reward is placed in the maze's goal box. Their good performance demonstrates:

answer

latent learning.

question

Voluntary behaviors that become more frequent when followed by reinforcers are called:

answer

operant behaviors.

question

In classical conditioning a stimulus is any event or situation that:

answer

evokes a response.

question

In which form of learning is behavior influenced by its consequences?

answer

operant conditioning

question

Behaviors followed by favorable consequences become more likely, and behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely. This principle is called:

answer

the law of effect.

question

The use of physical punishment may: A. lead to the suppression but not the forgetting of undesirable behavior. B. model aggression as a way of coping with problems. C. lead people to fear and avoid the punishing agent. D. have all of these results.

answer

D

psych chapter 7 quizzes – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards