Psych Chapter 16: Treatments – Flashcards
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Psychotherapy
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Psychological intervention designed to help people resolve emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal problems and improve the quality of their lives
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Psychiatrist
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Medical doctors, can prescribe drugs; focus on chemical imbalance; provide therapy in hospitals, clinics and private practice
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(Clinical) Psychologists
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Typical PhD+; not allowed to prescribe drugs; focus on altering psychological processes
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Paraprofessionals
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Substance abuse counselors; work through hospital or outpatient treatment team; no professional training
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Insight Therapies
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Psychotherapies, including psychodynamic, humanistic, and group approaches, with the goal of expanding awareness or isnight
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Psychodynamic Therapy Assumptions
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Assumes behavior is rooted in unconscious conflicts (id and superego, fixations)
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Psychodynamic Therapy Goal
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Understand unconscious conflicts and their role in maladaptive thoughts/behavior
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Psychodynamic Therapist's Role
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Neutral, helps client discover insight by understanding unconscious thoughts and motivation
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Free Association
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Technique in which clients express themselves without censorship of any sort; "just tell me what you're thinking"
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Resistance
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Patients attempts to try to avoid confrontation and anxiety associated with uncovering previously repressed thoughts, emotions, and impulses; trying to avoid therapy
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Transference
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Patient projecting feelings from the past onto therapist; i.e. start treating therapist as a parent
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Dream Analysis: manifest content
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Surface features
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Dream Analysis: latent content
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Unconscious wishes, desires, hidden by defense mechanism
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Interpersonal Therapy
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Contemporary psychoanalysis; treatment that strengths social skills and targets interpersonal problems, conflicts and life transitions; treats depression
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Psychoanalysis Treatment Effectiveness
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Similar effectiveness with most other forms of therapy, not as effective for schizophrenia
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Humanistic Therapies
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Therapies that emphasize the development of human potential and the belief that human nature is basically positive
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Humanistic Therapy: Assumptions
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Focuses on here and now, not childhood; disorders are due to failure of innate drive to grow; clients will improve on own in supportive conditions
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Humanistic Therapy: Goals
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Self-acceptance, self-actualization
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Humanistic Therapy: Therapist's role
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Not to provide a cure, to collaborate and help them improve on the right conditions and on their own
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Person-Centered Therapy
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Humanistic approach; therapy centering not he client's goals anyways of solving problems through unconditional positive regard, empathy, reflection and authenticity
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Unconditional Positive Regard
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Person-centered therapy; the therapist treats the client as a valued person, no matter what. The therapist listens to the client, without interrupting and accepts what is said, without evaluating it. Doesn't give advice
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Empathy
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Person-centered therapy; emotional understanding of what the client might bet thinking and feeling; conveyed through active listening and reflection
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Reflection
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Person-centered therapy; therapist using a paraphrased summary of the client's words and the feelings that appear to accompany them in order to show active listening
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Congruence
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Person-centered therapy; refers to consistency between what the therapist feels and the way she or he acts toward the client
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Gestalt Therapy
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Humanistic approach; therapy that aims to integrate different and sometimes opposing aspects of personality into a unified sense of self
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Humanistic Therapy Effectiveness
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Similar effectiveness as most other therapies; relies on the relationship with the therapist
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Behavioral Therapy: Assumptions
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Focuses on current behaviors; helps with disorders due to people's learned actions; but can change by learning new ways to act
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Behavioral Therapy: Goals
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Change patient's actions via conditioning
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Behavioral Therapy: Therapist's role
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Teacher, trainer
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Behavioral Therapy: Effective for?
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Helpful with anxiety, substance abuse, OCD, depression, eating disorders
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Systematic Desensitization
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Exposure therapy; clients are taught to relax as they are gradually exposed to what they fear in a stepwise manner
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Exposure Therapy
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Behavioral therapy; therapy that confronts clients with what they fear with the goal of reducing the fear
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Flooding
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Exposure therapy; a procedure that keeps people in a feared but harmless situation, depriving hem of their normally rewarding escape pattern
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Token Economy
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Behavioral therapy; method in which desirable behaviors are rewarded with tokens that clients can exchange for tangible rewards
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Dismantling
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Research procedure for examining the effectiveness of isolated components of a larger treatment
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Response Prevention
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Technique in which therapists prevent clients from performing their typical avoidance behaviors
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Aversion Conditioning
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Treatment that uses punishment to decrease the frequency of undesirable behaviors
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Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
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Treatments that attempt to replace irruption cognitions and maladaptive behaviors with more rational cognitions and adaptive behaviors
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Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: Assumptions
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Psychological disorders are from errors in thinking called cognitive distortions; people tend to catastrophize
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Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: Goals
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Change interpretation of these events they catastrophize
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Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: Therapist's Role
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Identify and critically evaluate learned cognitive distortions; often give homework
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Stress Inoculation Training
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Cognitive-behavioral therapy; teach clients to prepare for and cope with future stressful event in order to minimize its harm
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Meta-analysis
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Statistical method that helps researchers interpret large bodies of psychological literature
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Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)
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Cognitive-behavioral therapy; identify self-defeating thoughts and replace them (cognitive restructuring)
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Behavioral and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: Effectiveness
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Effective for anxiety disorders; CBT is reasonably effective for mood disorders
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Group Therapy
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Therapy that treats more than one person at a time
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Alcoholics Anonymous
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Twelve-step self-help program that provides social support for achieving sobriety; doesn't include a professional mental illness specialist
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Family Therapies
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Focus on communication between family members
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Strategic Family Intervention
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Family therapy approach designed to remove barriers to effective communication
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Structural family therapy
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Treatment in which therapists deeply involve themselves in family activities to change how family members arrange and organize interactions
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Biological Treatment
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Surgery and drugs
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Biological Treatment: Assumptions
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Psych disorders are due to physical/physiological dysfunction; focus on resuming normal function
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Biological Treatments: Goals
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Change behavior, emotion and thoughts by affecting biology
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Biological Treatments: Therapist's Role
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Medical expert
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Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
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Biological Treatment; brief shock administered to brain to cause a seizure; used for severe depression; painless and gives temporary effective relief
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Psychosurgery
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Biological Treatment; brain surgery to treat psychological problems, destroy brain tissue
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Prefrontal Lobotomy
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Psychosurgery; cut into frontal lobe and sever connections; use decline with development of psychoactive drugs; still last resort for extreme cases of OCD, depression and bipolar
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Psychopharmacotherapy
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Use of medications to treat psychological problems
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Psychopharmoactherapy Side Effects
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Nausea, dizziness, drowsiness, impaired sexual performance, tardive dyskinsia, suicidal thoughts, dependence, tolerance
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Tardive Dyskinesia
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Involuntary twitching of facial muscles and limbs
