PSYCH CHAP 1&2 – Flashcards
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Evolutionary psychology studies the evolution of behavior and the mind using principles of
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natural selection
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The occipital lobes are to ________ as the temporal lobes are to ________.
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seeing, hearing
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An undersupply of serotonin is most closely linked to
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depression
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The capacity of a brain area to reorganize in response to damage is known as brain
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plasticity
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Environmental factors such as diet, drugs, or stress can alter gene expression by affecting
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epigenetic molecules
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The hypothalamus influences the ________ to send messages to the ______
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pituitary, endocrine glands
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The two major divisions of the nervous system are the central and the ________ nervous systems.
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peripheral
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An axon is
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the extension of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body
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According to evolutionary psychologists, our predisposition to overconsume fatty junk foods illustrates that we are biologically prepared to behave in ways that promoted the ________ of our ancestors.
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reproductive success
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the cells that serve as the basic building blocks of the body's information system are called
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neurons
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The personalities of adopted children
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are not similar to the personalities of their adoptive parents
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One function of glial cells is to
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provide nutrients to neurons
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The amygdala consists of emotion-linked neural clusters in the
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limbic system
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Compared with identical twins, fraternal twins are ________ similar in neuroticism and ________ similar in extraversion.
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less, less
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A synapse is a[n]
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junction between a sending neuron and a receiving neuron
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Which research method would be most appropriate for investigating the relationship between the religious beliefs of Americans and their attitudes toward abortion?
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survey
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An inert substance that may be administered instead of a drug to see if it produces any of the same effects as the drug is called a
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placebo
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Edward Titchener is to structuralism as William James is to ________.
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functionalism
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Professor Delano suggests that because people are especially attracted to those who are good-looking, handsome men will be more successful than average-looking men in getting a job. The professor's prediction regarding employment success is an example of
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hypothesis
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Janna has low self-esteem because she is often teased for being overweight. Appreciating the complexity of Janna's difficulties requires
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biopsychosocial approach
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In a psychological experiment, the factor that may be influenced by the manipulated experimental treatment is called the ________ variable.
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dependent (being affected)
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The birth of psychology is often attributed to Wilhelm Wundt because he pioneered the investigation of mental processes using
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scientific method
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In a psychological experiment, the experimental factor that is manipulated by the investigator is called the ________ variable.
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independent ( i change)
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To determine whether the strength of people's self-esteem is related to their income levels, researchers would most likely make use of
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correlational research
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Humanistic psychologists focused attention on the importance of people's
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potential for healthy growth
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The biggest danger of relying on case-study evidence is that it
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may be unrepresentative of what is generally true
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To assess reactions to a proposed tuition hike at her school, Ariana sent a questionnaire to every fifteenth person in the registrar's alphabetical listing of all currently enrolled students. Ariana is ensuring that her survey results are accurate by using
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random sampling
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Three key attitudes of scientific inquiry are
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curiosity, skepticism and humility
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Which of the following methods is most helpful for clarifying cause-effect relationships?
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experiment
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Contemporary psychology is best defined as the science of
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behavior and mental processes
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What gland stimulates the flight or fight response
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the adrenal
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Under supply of serotonin causes
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depression
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motor neurons carry message
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OUT
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sensory neurons carry message
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IN
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occipital lobes
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EYES
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temporal lobes
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HEARING
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two major divisions of the nervous system
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central & peripheral
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what is the function of a glial cell
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to provide nutrients and protection
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cells that serve as the building blocks of the body's info system
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neurons
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action potential
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WAVE
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what are dendrites
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branches from neurons
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epigenetics
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study of how the environment acts on the surface of genes to alter their activity EX. obesity in adults can turn off weight regulation genes in offspring
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evolutionary psychology
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study of how evolutionary principles help explain the origin and function of the human mind, traits and behaviors
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identical twins
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same in personality traits, behaviors and abilities
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selective mating / evolutionary pyschology
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aggresive dog = mate 2 aggreesive dogs
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central nervous system
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brain & spinal cord
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Amygdala
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enabling two different responses to threat - aggresive or fear (ALMOND)
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hippocampus
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(SEAHORSE) episodic memories
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limbic system
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emotions like fear and agression, hunger and sex, episodic memories
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sympathetic
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AROUSES flight or fight
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parasympathetic
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CALMS rest and digest
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dopamine
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oversupply = schiz undersupply = parkinsons and ADHD
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Acetylcholine (ACh)
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alzheimers
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neurotransmiters
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chemicals used to send a signal across the synaptic gap.
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synapse
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a junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron.
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william wundt
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carefully measured observations and experiments
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edward titchener
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used data introspection (sensations) to build a view of the mind's structure (structuralism)
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william james
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functionalism, how have previous people succeeded?
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behaviorists
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((observable behavior)) watson and skinner
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sigmund freud
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pyschoanalysis - helped with mental disorder s
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humanists
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(studied people who were doing well) maslow and rogers
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Case Study
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observing and gathering information to compile an in-depth study of one individual
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Naturalistic Observation
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gathering data about behavior; watching but not intervening
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Surveys and Interviews
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having other people report on their own attitudes and behavior
