Psych ch. 14 terms – Flashcards
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Therapy 1 PR Treatment feel better
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Treatment methods aimed at making people feel better
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Psychotherapy 2 PR Therapy psychologist counselor
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Therapy for mental disorders in which a person with a problem talks to a psychologist or counselor
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Biomedical therapy 3 PR Therapy biological medicine
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Therapy for mental disorders in which a person with a problem is treated with biological or medicine methods
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Insight therapies 4 PR Therapy gain insight
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Therapies in which the main goal is helping people to gain insight with respect to their behavior, thoughts, and feelings
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Action therapy 5 PR Therapy change behavior
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Therapy in which the main goal is to change disordered or inappropriate behavior
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Psychiatrist 6 PR Medical doctor specializes
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A medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders
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Psychoanalyst 7 PR Special training Freud
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Either a psychiatrist or a psychologist who has special training in the theories of Sigmund Freud
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Psychoanalysis 8 PR Insight therapy Freud
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Insight therapy based on the theory of Freud, emphasizing the revealing of unconscious conflicts
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Psychiatric social worker 9 PR Social worker environmental conditions
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A social worker with some training in therapy methods who focuses on the environmental conditions that can impact mental disorders, such as stress and drug abuse
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Psychologist 10 PR Academic degree psychology
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A professional with an academic degree and specialized training in one or more areas of psychology
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Free association 11 PR Psychoanalytic talk anything
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Psychoanalytic technique in which a patient was encouraged to talk about anything that came to mind
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Manifest content 12 PR Content of dream
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The actual content of one's dreams
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Latent content 13 PR Meaning of dream
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The hidden, symbolic meaning of a dream
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Resistance 14 PR Reluctance discuss topic
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A patients reluctance to discus a certain topic
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Transference 15 PR Patient project feelings
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The tendency for a patient to project feelings for important people from the last onto the therapist
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psychodynamic therapy 16 PR New psychoanalysis transference
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A newer and more general term for therapies based on psychoanalysis with an emphasis on transference
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Unconditional positive regard 17 PR Warmth respect affection
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Warmth, respect, and affection without any conditions attached; this is a crucial part of the accepting atmosphere the therapist creates for the client
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Nondirective 18 PR Therapist remains neutral
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Term used to describe a therapy style in which the therapist remains relatively neutral and doesn't interpret or take direct actions with regard to the client
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Person-centered therapy 19 PR Insight therapy Carl Rogers
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A non-directive insight therapy based on the work of Carl Rogers in which the client does most of the talking
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Reflection 20 PR Therapy technique restates
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Therapy technique in which the therapist restates what the client says rather than interpreting those statements
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Empathy 21 PR Therapist ability understand
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The ability of the therapist to understand the feelings of the client
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Authenticity 22 PR Genuine open honest
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The genuine, open, and honest response of the therapist to the client
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Behavior therapies 23 PR Classical & operant conditioning
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Action therapies based on the principles of classical and operant conditioning and aimed at changing disordered behavior without concern for the original causes of such behavior
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Classical conditioning 24 PR Learning pairing stimulus
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Learning in which one learns an involuntary response when a stimulus that normally causes a particular response is paired with a new, neutral stimulus. After enough pairings, the new stimulus will also cause the response to occur.
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Operant conditioning 25 PR Learning behavioral response
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Learning in which one learns a behavioral response because a given behavior produces certain effects
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Applied behavior analysis 26 PR Learning technique modify
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The use of learning techniques to modify or change undesirable behavior and increase desirable behavior
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Systematic desensitization 27 PR Behavior technique treat phobias
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Behavior technique used to treat phobias in which a client makes an ordered list of fears and is taught to relax while concentrating on those fears
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Aversion therapy 28 PR Undesirable behavior aversive stimulus
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The pairing of an undesirable behavior with an aversive stimulus to reduce the frequency of the behavior
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Flooding 29 PR Treating phobias rapidly exposed
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Technique for treating phobias and other stress disorders in which the person is rapidly and intensely exposed to the fear-provoking situation or object and prevented from avoiding or escaping it
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Reinforcement 30 PR Strengthening response pleasurable consequence
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The strengthening of a response by following it with a pleasurable consequence or the removal of an unpleasant stimulus
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Token economy 31 PR Tokens reinforce behavior
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The use of objects called tokens to reinforce behavior; tokens can be accumulated and exchanged for desired items or privileges
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Contingency contracting 32 PR Written goals penalties
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The use of a formal, written agreement between the therapist and client that clearly states behavioral goals, reinforcements, and penalties
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Modeling PR 33 Learning imitation others
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Learning through the observation and imitation of others
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Participant modeling PR 34 Technique model demonstrates
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Technique in which a model demonstrates the desired behavior in a step-by-step, gradual process while the client is encouraged to imitate the model
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Extinction PR 35 Disappearance of learned response
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The disappearance or weakening of a learned response following the removal of the unconditioned stimulus
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Time-out PR 36 Extinction process removed
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An extinction process in which a person is removed from the situation that provides reinforcement for undesirable behavior, usually by being placed in a quiet corner
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Shaping PR 37 Technique rewarded coming closer
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Technique in which a person is rewarded for gradually coming closer to demonstrating a desirable behavior by reinforcing steps toward the desired behavior and extinguishing behaviors that move away from the desired behavior
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Cognitive therapy PR 38 Therapy recognize distortions
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Therapy focused on helping clients recognize distortions in their thinking and replace distorted beliefs with more realistic ones
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Arbitrary inference PR 39 Distortion draws conclusion
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Distortion in which a person draws a conclusion that isn't based on any evidence
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Selective thinking PR 40 Distortion focuses one aspect
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Distortion in which a person focuses on only one aspect of a situation while ignoring all other relevant aspects
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Overgeneralization PR 41 Distortion sweeping. Conclusions
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Distortion in which a person draws sweeping conclusions based on only one event and applies those conclusions to unrelated events
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Magnification and minimization PR 42 Distortions negative positive
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Distortions in which a person blows a negative event out of proportion to its importance while ignoring positive events
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Personalization PR 43 Distortion takes responsibility
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Distortion in which a person takes responsibility or blame for events that are unconnected to the person
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Cognitive behavioral therapy PR 44 Therapy overcome problem
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Action therapy in which the goal is to help clients overcome problems by learning to think more rationally and logically
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Rational-emotive behavioral therapy PR 45 Therapy challenged irrational
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Cognitive-behavioral therapy in which clients are directly challenged in their irrational beliefs and helped to restructure their thinking into more rational belief statements
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Family counseling PR 46 Group therapy family
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A form of group therapy in which family members meet together with a counselor or therapists to resolve problems that affect the entire family
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Self-help groups PR 47 Group similar problems
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Groups composed of people who have similar problems and who meet together without a therapist or counselor for the purpose if discussion, problem solving, and social support
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Eclectic therapy PR 48 Therapy combining elements
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Therapy style that results from combining elements of several different therapy techniques
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Therapeutic alliance PR 49 Relationship therapist client
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The relationship between therapist and client that develops as a warm, caring, accepting relationship
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Eye movement desensitization reprocessing PR 50 Controversial therapy PTSD
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Controversial form of therapy for PTSD in which the client is directed to move the eyes rapidly back and forth while thinking of a disturbing memory
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Psychopharmacology PR 51 Drugs control psychological disorders
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The use of drugs to control or relieve the symptoms of psychological disorders
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Antipsychotic drugs PR 52 Drugs psychotic symptoms
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Drugs used to treat psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, and other bizarre behavior
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Typical neuroleptics PR 53 Antipsychotic drug blocks dopamine
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Antipsychotic drugs that block certain dopamine receptors in the brain, thereby reducing dopamine's effect in synaptic transmission
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Atypical neuroleptics PR 54 Antipsychotic drug suppress dopamine
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Antipsychotic drugs that suppress dopamine to a much greater degree in one particular dopamine pathway related to psychoses, and which block or partially block certain serotonin receptors
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Partial dopamine agonists PR 55 Class atypical neuroleptics
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A newer class of atypical neuroleptics that affect the release of dopamine rather than blocking its receptors
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Antianxiety drugs PR 56 Treat calm anxiety
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Drugs used to treat and calm anxiety reactions, typically minor tranquilizers
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Benzodiazepines PR 57 Lower anxiety stress
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Drugs that lower anxiety and reduce stress
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Antidepressant drugs PR 58 Treat depression anxiety
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Drugs used to treat depression and anxiety
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Monoamine oxidase inhibitors PR 59 Antidepressant block monoamine oxidase
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Antidepressant drugs that block the activity of the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which breaks down several neurotransmitters involved in regulating mood
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Tricyclics PR 60 Increase serotonin norepinephrine
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Antidepressant drugs that increase the activity of serotonin and norepinephrine by inhibiting their reuptake into the neurons' synaptic vesicles
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Antimanic drugs PR 61 Treat bipolar and mania
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Drugs used to treat bipolar disorder and episodes of mania
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Lithium PR 62 Element antimanic drug
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Chemical element that, in the form of lithium carbonate, has traditionally been used as an antimanic drug
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Anticonvulsant drugs PR 63 Treat seizures and mania
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Drugs traditionally used to treat seizure disorders and sometimes used in treating mania
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Electroconvulsive therapy PR 64 Treat severe depression
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Form of biomedical therapy used to treat severe depression, in which electrodes are placed on either one or both sides of a person's head and an electrical current is passed through the electrodes that is string enough to cause a seizure or convulsion
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Bilateral ECT PR 65 Electrodes both sides
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Electroconvulsive therapy in which the electrodes are placed on both sides of the head
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Unilateral ECT PR 66 Electrodes one side
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Electroconvulsive therapy in which the electrodes are placed on only one side of the head and forehead
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Psychosurgery PR 67 Surgery control psychological
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Surgery preformed on brain tissue to relieve or control severe psychological disorders
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Prefrontal lobotomy PR 68 Psychosurgery connections severed
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Psychosurgery in which the connections of the prefrontal lobes of the brain to the rear portions are severed
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Bilateral cingulotomy PR 69 Electrode inserted cingulated gyrus
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Pyschosurgical technique in which an electrode is inserted into the cingulated gyrus with the guidance of a magnetic resonance imaging machine for the purpose of destroying that area of the brain tissue with an electric current
