Psych 7B – Flashcard
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Cognition
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Which Term refers to all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communications
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Category hierarchies
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By dividing broad concepts into increasingly smaller and detailed subgroups, we create
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Prototype
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A best example of objects, events, or people is called a
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Best example of a particular category
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A prototype is
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A robin is a bird
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With which of the following statements will people typically agree most quickly
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Humans
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Which of the following are we likely to recognize first as belonging to The category "mammal"
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Trial and error
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In testing thousands of different materials for use as lightbulb filaments, Thomas Edison best illustrated a problem-solving approach known as
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Methodical step-by-step procedure for solving problems
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An algorithm is
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Algorithms
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Logical, step-by-step procedures for solving problems are called
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Heuristics
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Simple thinking strategies that allow us to solve problems and make judgments efficiently are called
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Simple thinking strategies for solving problems quickly and efficiently
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Heuristics are
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Insight
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A sudden realization of the solution to a problem is called
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Creativity
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Intrinsic motivation is thought to be an important component of
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Confirmation bias
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People who have a tendency to search for information that supports their preconceptions. What do psychologists call this tendency
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Confirmation bias
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The tendency to search for information consistent with our perceptions is called
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Functional fixedness
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The tendency to think of objects only in terms of their normal uses is called
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The availability heuristic
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Dean overestimates the proportion of family chores for which he takes sole responsibility because it's easier for him to recall what he had done
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The availability heuristic
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Many people overestimate how long they are actually remain awake during restless nights because their moments of wakefulness are easier to recall than their moments of sleep
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The availability heuristic
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The indelible memories of the 9/11 terrorist tragedy unduly inflated many people's
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The availability heuristic
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Many people perceive carjackings as more serious threats to their lives than failing to use seatbelts because carjackings are so much more memorable. This best illustrates the importance of
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Overconfidence
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Stockbrokers often believe that their own expertise will enable them to select stock that will outperform the market average
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Overconfidence
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Students routinely underestimate how much time it will take them to complete assigned course projects
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Believe perseverence
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I'm on the willingness to give up our beliefs even when the evidence proves us wrong it's called
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Intuitions
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In contrast to explicit conscious reasoning, I seemingly effortless an automatic feelings or thoughts are called
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Quick decisions
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Although intuition cannot times and rationality, it is often valuable because it facilitates
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Intuition
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Without awareness we often use highly adaptive heuristics. This best illustrates the
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Framing
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Consumers respond more positively to ground beef advertised as 75% lean down to ground beef described is 25% fat this the best illustrates that consumer reactions are influenced bye
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Language
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Spoken, written, or signed words and the ways they are combined to communicate meaning constitute
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Phoneme
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The smallest distinctive sound unit of language is a
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2
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How many morphemes are in the word bats
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Morphemes
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The smallest speech units that carry meaning or called
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Receptive language
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The ability to comprehend the meaning of a speech is called
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Babbling
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The earliest stage of speech development is called the___stage
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The spontaneous utterance of a variety of sounds by infants it's called
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Babbling
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A grammatically correct two-word utterance
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Telegraphic speech is
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Two word
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Telegraphic speech is most closely associated with the___stage of language development
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Linguistic determination
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If our capacity to form concepts depends on our verbal memory, this would best illustrate
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Words shape the way people think
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Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis emphasizes that
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Language on thinking
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Perceived differences between various shades of color are greater is people assign a different name to each hue. This best illustrates the influence of
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An algorithm
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People's procedural memory of how to open the front door of their house is most likely to consist of
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Studying effectively
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Introductory psychology students performed best on a midterm psychology test if they had previously spent five minutes a day visualizing themselves as
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Visualizing themselves studying effectively
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Introductory psychology students were more likely to achieve a good midterm exam grade prior to the exam if they repeatedly practiced visual imagery that involved
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Thinking effects language, which then affects our thoughts
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Which of the following best illustrates psychology's current understanding of the relationship between thinking and language
