Question 1

Memory is best defined as

Accepted Answer

the persistence of learning through the storage and retrieval of information

Question 2

The process of getting information into memory is called

Accepted Answer

encoding

Question 3

The process of retrieval refers to

Accepted Answer

getting information out of memory storage

Question 4

After looking up his friend\'s phone number Alex was able to remember it only long enough to dial it correctly. In this case, the telephone number was clearly stored in his _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

short-term

Question 5

Encoding that occurs with no effort or a minimal elvel of conscious attention is known as

Accepted Answer

automatic processing

Question 6

While reading a novel at a rate of nearly 500 words per minute, Megan effortlessly understands almost every word. this ability highlights the importance of

Accepted Answer

automatic processing

Question 7

Effortful processing can occur only with

Accepted Answer

conscious attention

Question 8

The tendency for distributed study to yield better long-term retention than massed study is known as

Accepted Answer

the spacing effect

Question 9

On the telephone, Dominic rattles off a list of 10 grocery items for Kyoko to bring home from the store. Immediately after hearing hte list, Kyoko attempts to write down the items. She is most likely to forget the items

Accepted Answer

in the middle of the list

Question 10

The process by which information is encoded by its meaning is called

Accepted Answer

semantic encoding

Question 11

Ebbinghaus found that memorizing familiar words required much less effort than memorizing nonsense syllables. This best illustrates the advantage of

Accepted Answer

encoding meaning

Question 12

12. One reason adults typically recall little of their first three years of life is that during infancy they were unable to verbally label their experiences. This best illustrates that the formation of long-term memories often requires

Accepted Answer

semantic encoding

Question 13

The organization of information into meaningful units is called

Accepted Answer

chunking

Question 14

The use of acronyms to improve one\'s memory of unfamiliar material best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

chunking

Question 15

Tim, a third-grader, learns the sentence \"George Eats Old Gray Rats And Paints Houses Yellow\" to help him remember the spelling of \"geography.\" Tim is using

Accepted Answer

a mnemonic device

Question 16

By presenting research participants with three rows of three letters each for only a fraction of a second, Sperling demonstrated that people have ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

iconic

Question 17

Iconic memory refers to

Accepted Answer

photographic, or picture-image, memory that lasts for only a few tenths of a second

Question 18

Sounds and words that are not immediately attended to can still be recalled a couple of seconds later because of our _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

echoic

Question 19

Peterson and Peterson asked people to count aloud backward after they were presented with three consonants. This study finds that ______ memories will quickly disappear without active processing and rehearsal.

Accepted Answer

short-term

Question 20

The human capacity for storing long-term memories is

Accepted Answer

essentially unlimited

Question 21

Exceptionally clear memories of emotionally significant events are called

Accepted Answer

`sensory memories

Question 22

Unlike implicit memories, explicit memories are processed by the

Accepted Answer

hippocampus

Question 23

Damage to the hippocampus would most likely interfere with a person\'s ability to learn

Accepted Answer

the names of the 50 states in the United States

Question 24

The discovery that words hear underwater are later better recalled underwater than on land best illustrates the value of

Accepted Answer

retrieval cues

Question 25

Rehearsal is to encoding as retrieval cues are to

Accepted Answer

relearning

Question 26

Information learned while a person is _____ is best recalled when that person is ______.

Accepted Answer

drunk; drunk

Question 27

Austin can\'t remember Jack Smith\'s name because he wasn\'t paying attention when Jack was formally introduced. Austin\'s poor memory is best explained in terms of

Accepted Answer

encoding failure

Question 28

Using nonsense syllables to study memory, Ebbinghaus found that

Accepted Answer

the most rapid memory loss for new information occurs shortly after it is learned

Question 29

Harry Bahrick observed that three years after people completed a Spanish course, they had forgotten much of the vocabulary they had learned. This finding indicates that information is lost while it is

Accepted Answer

in storage

Question 30

Two people learned nonsense syllables and then tried to recall them after up to eight hours had elapsed. Jenkins and Dallenbach observed that forgetting occurred least rapidly when the individuals spent their time

Accepted Answer

sleeping

Question 31

learning a new ATM password may block the recall of a familiar old password. This illustrates

Accepted Answer

proactive interference

Question 32

Philippe has just completed medical school. In reflecting on his years of formal education, he is able to recall the names of all his instructors except the fifth grade teacher who flunked him. According to Freud, his forgetting illustrates

Accepted Answer

repression

Question 33

The misinformation effect refers to

Accepted Answer

incorporation of misleading information into one\'s memory of an event

Question 34

When asked misleading questions after observing an accident, eyewitnesses often reconstruct their initial memories of the event. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

the misinformation effect

Question 35

Researchers asked university students to imagine certain childhood events, including a false event such as breaking a window with their hand. They discovered that

Accepted Answer

it is surprisingly easy to lead people to construct false memories

Question 36

Those who are eager to use hypnosis to facilitate eyewitness recollections of the details of a crime should first be warned of the dangers of

Accepted Answer

the misinformation effect

Question 37

Adults who have trouble remembering incidences of childhood sexual abuse have often been led by therapists to believe that their memory difficulties are due to

Accepted Answer

repression

Question 38

Memory experts who express skepticism regarding reports of repressed and recovered memories emphasize that

Accepted Answer

most extremely traumatic life experiences are never encoded into long-term memory

Question 39

Participants in one experiment were given false accounts of their being lost in a shopping mall during their childhood.  Many of these participants later falsely recalled vivid details of such an experience. This experiment best illustrated

Accepted Answer

the misinformation effect

Question 40

Mentally re-creating the mood that accompanied your original learning of course material is an effective way to activate

Accepted Answer

retrieval cues

Question 41

Answering practice test questions about text material you have studied is a useful strategy for

Accepted Answer

becoming aware of what you do not yet know

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