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John Locke would have suggested that a perceptual set results from

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Prior experience

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the best way to detect enlarged fluid-filled brain regions in some patients who have schizophrenia is to use

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MRI

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The ability to simultaneously process the pitch, loudness, melody, and meaning of a song best illustrates

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parallel processing

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The mechanical vibrations triggered by sound waves are transduced into neural impulses by

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hair cells

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the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the rods and cones, is the

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retina

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knowing the difference between an experimental condition and a control condition is most relevant to understanding the name of

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independent variables

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Stereotypes are mental conceptions that can strongly influence the way we interpret the behaviors of individuals belonging to specific racial or ethnic groups. a stereotype is most similar to a

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perceptual set

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the principles of continuity and closure best illustrate the importance of

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top-down processing

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the phenomenon of color constancy best demonstrate that

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an object's perceived color is influenced by its surrounding objects.

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which of the following play the biggest role in our feeling dizzy and unbalanced after a thrilling roller coaster ride

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semicircular canals

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the detection and encoding of stimulus energies by the nervous system is called

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sensation

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in additive color mixing the combination of red, green, and blue creates_____;in subtractive color mixing, the combination of red, yellow, and blue creates

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white; black

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young children tend to draw human figures in a rather unrealistic way. this reflects their

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perceptual schemas

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because she had a serious traffic accident on Friday the 13th of last month, Felicia is convinced that all Friday the 13ths will bring bad luck. Felicia's belief best illustrates

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Illusory correlation

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Damage to the fovea would have the greatest effect on

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Visual acuity

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Evidence that some cones are especially sensitive to red light, others to green light, and still others to blue light is most directly supportive of the ___ theory

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Young- Helmholtz

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Which of the following correlations between annual income and education level would best enable you to predict annual income on the basis of level of education

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+0.50

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holding two index fingers in front of the eyes can create the perception of a floating finger sausage. This best illustrates the effect of

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retinal disparity

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although college textbooks frequently cast a trapezoidal image on the retina, students typically perceive the books as rectangular objects. This illustrates the importance of

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shape constancy

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Felix was so preoccupied with his girlfriend's good looks that he failed to perceive any of her less admirable characteristics. This best illustrates the dangers of

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selective attention

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it has been suggested that experience with the corners of buildings and the rectangular shapes of a carpentered world may contribute to

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the Muller-lyer illusion

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visual information is processed by

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ganglion cells before it is processed by feature detectors.

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which region of your brainstem plays a role in arousing you to a state of alertness when someone nearby mentions your name

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reticular formation

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the american psychological association and British psychological society have developed ethical principles urging investigator to

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Explain the research to the participants after the study has been completed

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which brain structure relays information from the eyes to the visual cortex

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Thalamus

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the fact that fear may increase your sensitivity to an almost imperceptible pain stimulus is of most relevance to

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signal detection theory

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in psychology, Gestait principles are used to explain

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perceptual organization

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the coiled tube in the inner ear that contains the auditory receptors is called

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cochlea

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the healing power of positive expectations is best illustrated by

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the placebo effect

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the McGurk effect best illustrates

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sensory interaction

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Figure is to ground as ___ is to ____

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a white cloud; blue sky

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the perceptual tendency to group together stimuli that are near each other is called

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proximity

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it wasnt until clara heard some of her classmates laughing loudly during history class that she began to perceive the professor's ongoing lecture to be very funny. This provides an illustration of

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context effects

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the retina is to the eye as the _____ is to the ear

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cochlea

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in order to learn about the eating habits of all the children attending Green Hope elementary school, professor Miller randomly selected and interviewed 25 of the school's students. In this instance all the children attending the school are considered to be a

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population

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hearing a sequence of sounds of different pitches is to ____ as recognizing the sound sequence as a familiar melody is to ____

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sensation; perception

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according to Erikson isolation is to intimacy as role confusion is to

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identity

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as a bird flies towards you you do not perceive it as growing larger. This is primarily due to

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Perceptual constancy

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because the two teams wore different-colored uniforms, Cheri perceived the ten basketball players as two distinct groups. This is best illustrates the principle of

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similarity

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The patient \"E.H\" suffers from prosopagnosia and is unable to recognize her own face in a mirror. Her difficulty stems from a deficiency in

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top down processing

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neurosurgeons have severed the corpus callosum in human patients in order to reduce

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epileptic seizures

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messages are transmitted from your spinal cord to your digestive system's stomach muscles by the

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Sympathetic nervous system

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When a pair of lights flashing in quick succession seems to an observer to be one light moving from place to place the effect is referred to as

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the phi phenomenon

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after hearing rumors about the outbreak of an infectious disease, Alyosha began to perceive his normal aches and pains as disease related symptoms. His reaction best illustrates the impact of

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perceptual set

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Bipolar cells are located in the

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retina

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while reading a novel Raoul isn't easily distracted by the sounds of the TV or even by his brothers loud arguments. This best illustrates

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selective attention

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the tendency to see complete letters on a neon sign, even though some of the bulbs are out, illustrates the principle of

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closure

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a subliminal message is one that is presented

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below one's absolute threshold for awareness

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questions about the extent to which maladaptive habits learned in childhood can be overcome in adulthood are most directly relevant to the issue of

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stability or change

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according to the opponent-process theory, cells that are stimulated by exposure to ___ light are inhibited by exposure to ___light

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yellow;blue

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despite huge legal costs and social disapproval, Mr. Lambers refuses to pay income taxes because his conscience will not allow him to support a government that spends billions of dollars on military weapons. Mr. Lambers' reasoning best illustrates Kohberg's ___ stage

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postconventional

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Mr. and Mrs. Berry have five children aged 2, 3, 7, 9, and 9. The median age of the Berry children is

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7

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On the day she is to be interviewed for an important new position, Rachel awakens with a severe toothache. During the interview she feels no pain; not until 30 minutes later does she become aware again of the troublesome toothache. Rachel's experience is best explained by

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the gate-control theory

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Vincent's ability to reason hypothetically in his geometry class indicates that he is in the ___ stage of development

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formal operational

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In one experiment, most of the participants who viewed a videotape of men tossing a basketball remained unaware of an umbrella-toting woman sauntering across the screen. This illustrated

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inattentional blindness

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already at 15 months of age, Justin strongly senses that he can rely on his father to comfort and protect him. This most clearly contributes to

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basic trust

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to minimize the extent to which outcome differences between experimental and control conditions can be attributed to placebo effects, researchers make use of

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the double-blind procedure

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Kinesthesis refers to the

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System for sensing the position and movement of muscles, tendons, and joints

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the part of the cerebral cortex that directs the muscle movements involved in speech is known as

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Broca's area

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the green-colored ham and eggs had such a strange appearance that they tasted terrible to sam. This illustrates the importance of

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sensory interaction

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gustatory receptors are sensitive to all of the following taste qualities except

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spicy

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Janice experienced motion sickness simply from watching a movie scene of a thrilling motorcycle chase. her experience best illustrates the impact of

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visual capture

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the general function for the bones in the middle ear is to

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transfer sound information from the tympanic membrane to the oval window

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although a few keys on the piano were broken, Shana couldn't prevent herself from mentally filling in the missing notes of the familiar melodies. This best illustrates the principle of

answer

closure

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which of the following is not a monocular cue for depth perception

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retinal disparity

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the local fire department sounds the 12 o'clock whistle. The process by which your ears convert the sound waves from the siren into neural impulses is an example of

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transduction

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Climbing an irregular set of stairs is more difficult for an individual who wears a patch over one eye primarily because

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some depth perception is lost

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an 80-decibel sound is ____ times louder than a 60-decibel sound

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100

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The tendency to see all the individual spokes in a bicycle wheel as part of a larger single unit best illustrates the principle of

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connectedness

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Your dog Molly has been lost for three days, and you cannot stop thinking about him. When you hear a bark, you assume that it is Molly because of

answer

top-down processing

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as the farmer looked across her field, the parallel rows of young corn plants appeared to converge in the distance. This provided her with a distance cue know as

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linear perspective

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the perception that Bugs Bunny is hopping across a movie screen best illustrates

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stroboscopic movement

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according the the Gestalt principle of ____, even when we see a line take a 90 degree turn, we still see it as the same line

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continuity

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which of the following would play a role in quickly alerting you to a gas leak in you home

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olfactory receptors

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the surgical removal of a large tumor from Dane's occipital lobe resulted in extensive loss of brain tissue. Dane is most likely to suffer some loss of

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visual perception

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in order to give greater depth to his painting, Shakir enveloped the background landscape in a misty haze. Shakir was making use of the distance cue know as

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relative clarity

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With her eyes closed and her nose plugged Chandra was unable to taste the difference between an onion and a pear. Her experience best illustrates the importance of

answer

sensory interaction

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the individual boulders and crevices of the huge and clearly visible mountain peak appeared as indistinct to the hikers that they knew it would take them another full day to reach it. This best illustrates the impact of ____on distance perception

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texture gradient

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a gestalt is best described as a

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organized whole

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news about the supposed effects of briefly presented messages on moviegoers' consumption of popcorn and Coca-Cola involved false claims regarding

answer

subliminal stimulation

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