question

Those working in the interdisciplinary field called ---- study the brain activity associated with perception, thinking, memory, and language

answer

Cognitive Neuroscientists

question

Why did psychologists abandon the study of consciousness during the first half of the twentieth century?

answer

Difficulty of scientifically studying consciousness This led them to look at behaviorism

question

How do most psychologists define consciousness?

answer

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment

question

What does consciousness help us do?

answer

Assemble information from many sources as we reflect on our past and plan for our future Ex. Driving a car becomes "Semi-Automatic"

question

What evidence suggests that a person who appears to be in a vegetative state (non-communicative) may actually understand what they hear?

answer

Ex. When asked to imagine playing tennis, parts of the brain that control arm and leg movement were activated when looking through the fMRI

question

What do psychologists mean by "dual processing"?

answer

"We know more than we know" EXAMPLE: BIRD -When we look at bird flying, we are consciously aware of the result of our cognitive processing ("It's a hummingbird!") but not of our sub-processing of the bird's color, form, movement, and distance neuroscience is that much of our brain work that occurs offstage, out of sight

question

Two Levels of: Dual Processing

answer

Two Levels: a conscious, deliberate "high road" and an unconscious, automatic "low road"

question

What is blindsight?

answer

"When the Blind can see" Example of blindsight and the two-track mind: Researchers Lawrence Weiskrantz trails a blindsight patient down a cluttered hallway -Although told the hallway was empty, the patient meandered around all of the obstacles without any awareness of them

question

Dual Processing Defintion

answer

The principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks

question

Blind Sight: DF Patient Carbon Monoxide damage

answer

- Could put the postcard in a mail slot without error -Sure enough, a scan of DFs brain activity revealed normal activity in the area concerned with reaching for, grasping, and navigating objects, but there was damage in the area concerned with consciously recognizing objects

question

Blindsight Defintion

answer

A condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it

question

What have researchers such as Goodale and Milner learned about vision from studying people with blindsight?

answer

Goodale and Milner concluded: Vision is actually: a dual processing system A "visual perception track" enables us "to think about the world" - to recognize things and plan for the future actions A visual action track guides our moment to moment movements

question

Myers uses the example of driving a car to illustrate the difference between unconscious and conscious processing. For an experienced driver, what part of driving is controlled below the level of consciousness?

answer

Traveling by car on a familiar route, your hands and feet do the driving Below level of consciousness: while your MIND rehearses your upcoming day

question

On a rare occasion: The Two Conflict

answer

Shown the hollow face illusion, people will mistakenly perceive the inside of a mask as a protruding face -Yet they will unhesitantly and accurately reach into the mask to flick off a bug-like target stuck on the face What their conscious mind doesn't know, their hand does

question

EXAMPLE: Another patient, who lost all his left visual cortex, leaving him blind to objects on the right side of his vision field

answer

** can nevertheless sense the emotion expressed in faces he does not consciously perceive The same is true of normally sighted people whose visual cortex has been disabled with magnetic stimulation - This suggests that brain areas below the cortex are processing emotion-related information

question

Brain waves jump at about

answer

0.35 seconds before you consciously perceive your decision to move

question

This readiness potential of 0.35 brain wave jump before you act, has enabled researchers to using fMRI to predict

answer

using fMRI to predict with 60% accuracy and up to 7 seconds ahead - participants decisions to press a button with their left or right finger -The startling conclusion: Consciousness sometimes arrives late to the decision making parking

question

Consciousness - "Our minds CEO"

answer

Consciousness -Enables us to exert voluntary control over behavior - Allows us to communicate about our mental states - Is serial processing - slow and limited in capacity - Is used to solve novel problems

question

The bottom line:

answer

In everyday life, we mostly function like an automatic point and shoot camera, but with a manual (conscious) override

question

Unconscious processing is much faster than conscious processing because it makes use of __________________ processing.

answer

Unconscious: familiar processing (A skilled tennis player's brain and body respond automatically to an oncoming serve before becoming consciously aware of the balls trajectory (which takes about 3/10 of a second) **Has neural assistants Conscious: Actually moving (Hitting the tennis ball)

question

Unconscious Parallel Processing

answer

Unconscious is much faster than Sequential Processing But both are essential

question

Sequential Processing

answer

Skilled at solving new problems, which require our focused attention

question

Latent Content

answer

according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content).

question

alpha waves

answer

the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.

question

LSD

answer

a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide).

question

barbiturates

answer

drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment.

question

Manifest Content

answer

according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content).

question

Change Blindness

answer

failing to notice changes in the environment.

question

Meth

answer

a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels.

question

narcolepsy

answer

a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.

question

Delta Waves

answer

the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.

question

Near Death Experience

answer

an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations.

question

dissociation

answer

a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.

question

Nicotine

answer

a stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco.

question

Night Terrors

answer

a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during NREM-3 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.

question

hallucinations

answer

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.

question

Opiates

answer

opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.

question

Hypnosis

answer

a social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.

question

physical dependence

answer

a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.

question

posthypnotic suggestion

answer

a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.

question

amphetamines

answer

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speededup body functions and associated energy and mood changes.

question

psychoactive drug

answer

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.

question

circadian

answer

rhythm the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.

question

psychological dependence

answer

a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions.

question

Depressants

answer

drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.

question

REM rebound

answer

the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep).

question

Ecstasy (MDMA)

answer

a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.

question

REM sleep

answer

rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.

question

inattentional blindness

answer

failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.

question

selective attention

answer

the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.

question

sleep apnea

answer

a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.

question

alcohol dependence

answer

(popularly known as alcoholism). Alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal if suspended, and a drive to continue use.

question

consciousness

answer

our awareness of ourselves and our environment.

question

Dream

answer

a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it.

question

hallucinogens

answer

psychedelic ("mind-manifesting") drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.

question

Sleep

answer

periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness-as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation. (Adapted from Dement, 1999.)

question

stimulants

answer

drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, Ecstasy, and methamphetamine) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.

question

THC

answer

the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.

question

tolerance

answer

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect.

question

withdrawal

answer

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug.

question

psychoactive drugs

answer

Alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and a wide variety of other chemical agents that alter perceptions and moods are called

question

Which of the following drugs is most likely to produce a euphoric high and feelings of social intimacy?

answer

Ecstasy

question

Pushing back school start times has been found to ________ adolescent mood states and ________ adolescent alertness.

answer

improve, improve

question

While Bev was hypnotized, her therapist suggested that during the next several days she would have a strong desire to eat well-balanced meals. The therapist was apparently making use of

answer

posthypnotic suggestion

question

The emotional tone of our dreams is especially likely to be influenced by activation of the ________ during REM sleep.

answer

Limbic = emotional

question

Prior to the twentieth century, psychology was considered to be the study of

answer

consciousness

question

Margie insists that she never dreams, but her roommate feels she can prove otherwise. To prove that Margie does dream, the roommate should

answer

wake Margie after 5 minutes of REM sleep and ask her what she's dreaming

question

The ability to consciously recognize and name the color of an object while we simultaneously and unconsciously monitor the object's shape and movement illustrates

answer

Dual-Processing

question

Because she was listening to the news on the radio, Mrs. Schultz didn't perceive a word her husband was saying. Her experience best illustrates

answer

selective attention

question

What is the cocktail party effect?

answer

Your ability to attend to only one voice among many

question

What signal can you use to assess if your friend is focused on what you are saying?

answer

-Let another voice speak your name and your cognitive radar, operating on your mind's other track, will instantly bring that voice into consciousness Example: Northwest Airlines pilots "lost track of time" engrossed in their conversation, they ignored alarmed air traffic controllers attempts to reach them as they overflew their Mpls destination by 150 miles - if only the controllers had known and spoken their names

question

Why are you less likely to make a mistake while driving if you are having a conversation with a passenger in your car rather than talking on a cell phone to a person who is not in your car?

answer

Because multitasking distracts from brain resources allocated to driving Areas in the brain that are vital to driving DECREASE by 37% on average when a driver is attending to a conversation

question

Inattentional Blindness Definition

answer

Definition: Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

question

Inattentional Blindness Example

answer

Robert Becklen and Daniel Cervone demonstrated this with a one-minute video with 3 men in black shirts, and 3 men in white shirts. They were asked to press a key each time the black shirted people passed the ball *most focused the attention so completely on the game that they failed to notice a woman carrying an umbrella across the screen mid way

question

Low doses of alcohol enliven a drinker by acting as a

answer

disinhibitor

question

Caged rats respond to foot shocks with unusually high levels of aggression after ingesting

answer

Cocaine

question

Cindi prefers to take exams in the late afternoon rather than during the morning, because her energy level and ability to concentrate are better at that time. Her experience most likely reflects the influence of the

answer

circadian rhythm

question

Jana developed a habit of drinking several beers after work each day. Her diminishing feeling of intoxication from the drinks is indicative of

answer

Tolerance

question

Sleep apnea is a disorder involving

answer

temporary cessations of breathing during sleep

question

Research indicates that hypnotherapy is especially helpful for the treatment of

answer

Obesity

question

An altered state of consciousness in which people experience fantastic images and often feel separated from their bodies is most closely associated with the use of

answer

LSD

question

According to Freud, people dream in order to

answer

give expression to personally threatening drives and wishes

question

Felix was so preoccupied with his girlfriend's good looks that he failed to perceive any of her less admirable characteristics. This best illustrates the dangers of

answer

Selective attention

question

Dissociation refers to

answer

a state of divided consciousness

question

Soon after taking a psychoactive drug, Larisa's breathing slowed, her pupils constricted, and her feelings of anxiety were replaced by blissful pleasure. Larisa most likely experienced the effects of

answer

Heroin

question

One study of long-haul truck drivers showed that they were at 23 times greater risk of a collision while texting. This best illustrates the impact of

answer

Selective Attention

question

Repeated use of amphetamines has caused Aaron legal problems, which threaten his job. However, he continues to use the drugs. Aaron most clearly shows symptoms of

answer

substance-related disorder

question

One version of neural activation theory best helps to explain why

answer

people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep

question

Methamphetamine enhances energy and mood by triggering the release of the neurotransmitter

answer

dopamine

question

When light strikes the retina, it signals the suprachiasmatic nucleus to suppress the production of ________by the pineal gland.

answer

Melatonin

question

Which of the following typically occur(s) during REM sleep?

answer

Genital Arousal

question

The experience of blindsight in certain people who have suffered brain damage best illustrates the importance of our normal human capacity for

answer

dual processing

question

A form of intentional blindness: CHANGE BLINDNESS:

answer

Failing to notice changes in the environment "out of sight, out of mind"

question

Choice blindness

answer

People tasted 2 jams, and chose their favorite, but in reality were fooled because the jams were changed so weren't getting their favorite, but didn't notice

question

Pop out effect

answer

"the only smiling face" We don't choose to attend to these stimuli, they draw our eye and demand ex. All faces in movie theater look sad, can't help the emotion

question

One of the ways our biological clock (circadian rhythm) influences our body is by raising our body temperature in the ______________ and lowering it at ___________ .

answer

Body temp rises in the morning And lowers in the evening

question

How do younger and older people differ in when they typically reach their peak performance during the day?

answer

-Most 20 year olds are evening-energized "owls" with performance improving across the day -Most older adults are more morning loving "larks" with performance declining as the day wears on

question

What are some advantages associated with being a "morning type?'

answer

Morning types tend to do better in school, to take more initiative, and to be less vulnerable to depression

question

Alcohol consumption ________ sympathetic nervous system activity and ________ self-awareness

answer

Decreases sympathetic nervous system Decreases self-awareness

question

The large, slow brain waves associated with NREM-3 sleep are called

answer

Delta Waves

question

Standing in the checkout line at the grocery store, Jerry kept looking at his watch to see the time. As a result, he failed to see that a store employee was being robbed by a person just in front of him. Jerry most clearly suffered

answer

inattentional blindness

question

Eighty-year-old Mrs. West feels she has trouble falling asleep at night. She typically gets about 6 or 7 hours of sleep every 24 hours. What should she do about this?

answer

relax and remind herself that her sleep patterns are normal

question

Nicotine triggers a ________ in blood pressure and a ________ in pain sensitivity.

answer

Increases blood pressure Decreases pain sensitivity

question

What machine is used to record brain activity during sleep?

answer

electroencephalograph (EEG)

question

REM Brain Wave Type Experiences

answer

Rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur Also know as Paradoxical sleep - because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active

question

Yawning

answer

Which can be socially contagious, stretches your neck muscles and increases your heart rate, which increases your alertness

question

measuring sleep

answer

tapes electrodes to your scalp (to detect your brain waves) and on your chin (to detect muscle tension), and just outside the corners of your eyes (to detect eye movements) -Other devices will record your heart rate, respiration rate, and genital arousal

question

Alpha Waves

answer

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

question

NREM-1

answer

Slowed breathing, it's when you "slip into sleep" Hallucinations, sensation of falling, floating - hypnagogic sensation may later be incorporated into your memory ex. People think they are "being abducted by aliens" when they feel like their floating or pinned down onto their bed

question

NERM-2

answer

Is when you relax more deeply and begin about 20 minutes of NERM-2 sleep. With its periodic sleep spindles: Bursts of rapid, rhythmic brain wave activity. although you could still be awakened without too much difficulty, you are now clearly asleep

question

NERM-3

answer

Then you transition into the deep sleep of NERM-3 During this slow-wave sleep, which lasts about 30 minutes, your brain emits, -large slow DELTA WAVES -Hard to awaken

question

Circadian Rhythm

answer

- Body temp lowers at night, peaks during the day -Younger people are most alert later in the day, older people more alert earlier in the day -Bright light resets the biological clock* -Light sensitive retinal proteins trigger the suprachiasmatic nucleus which regulates the pineal glands production of melatonin -Build up of adenosine in the brain makes us sleepy (is blocked by caffeine)

question

Sleep Stages

answer

Waking beta- alert waking stage Waking alpha- relaxed waking state NERM-1: falling asleep -hallucinations and hypnogogic sensations NERM-2: relaxed with sleep spindles NERM-3: Delta waves, clearly asleep REM- more awake like brain waves

question

Why is REM sleep described as paradoxical sleep?

answer

Because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active The body is internally aroused, with waking-like brain activity, yet asleep and externally calm

question

Sleep cycles repeat every ---- minutes

answer

90

question

Over a nights sleep, the amount of time spent in REM and NREM 2 sleep __________________, and time spent in REM 3 sleep __________________ .

answer

NERM 2: 20 minutes NREM 3: 30 Minutes

question

What roles do the suprachiasmic nucleus and the pineal gland play in the regulation of sleep?

answer

The suprachiasmic nucleus: helps monitors the brains release of melatonin Which affects our: Circadian rhythm

question

The altered state of consciousness that is most similar to a drug-induced hallucination is

answer

the near-death experience

question

Preserving and expanding the brain's neural pathways has been suggested as an important function of

answer

Dreaming

question

NREM-2 sleep is to ________ as NREM-3 sleep is to ________.

answer

NREM-2: Sleep Spindles NREM-3: Delta waves

question

Selective attention is best illustrated by

answer

the cocktail party effect

question

When allowed to sleep 9 hours a night on a regular basis, college students are most likely to

answer

study more effectively

question

Nembutal, Seconal, and Amytal, drugs prescribed to reduce insomnia, are

answer

reduce insomnia: barbiturates

question

Methamphetamine enhances energy and mood by triggering the release of the neurotransmitte

answer

dopamine

question

Sleep deprivation increases levels of the stress hormone

answer

Cortisol

question

About one-third of a second before participants in one study decided to move their wrists, their ________ indicated a readiness potential to move.

answer

Brain wave activity

question

Evidence that dreams reflect the brain maturation and style of thinking associated with a dreamer's age and life experience would best support the ________ theory of dream content.

answer

cognitive development

question

When subjected to a painful medical procedure without the benefit of an anesthetic, a hypnotized person is most likely to

answer

show physiological activation of the sensory cortex

question

Damage to the brain's visual perception track without any damage to the brain's visual action track is associated with a condition known as

answer

Blindsight

question

The three main categories of psychoactive drugs are depressants, stimulants, and

answer

depressants, stimulants, and, hallucinogens

question

Production of the human growth hormone necessary for muscle development is ________ by slow-wave sleep, which occurs mostly in the ________ half of a long night's sleep.

answer

facilitated; first

question

The biological clock

answer

Light striking the retina signals the supercharasmatic nucleus (SCN) to suppress the pineals gland's production of the sleep hormone melatonin At night: the SCN quiets down, allowing the pineal gland to release melatonin into the bloodstream

question

Sleep Theories

answer

1. Sleep protects - cave man 2. Sleep helps us recuperate 3. Sleep helps us restore and rebuild our fading memories of the day 4. Sleep feeds creative thinking 5. Sleep supports growth

question

Sleep Deprivation effects:

answer

attention focus, increased inflamation in joints, reduced strength, and slower reaction time and motor learning, increased hunger-arousing ghrelin and decreased hunger suppressing leptin, suppression of immune cell production

question

Sleep Apnea

answer

Stop breathing during sleep. A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

question

Manifest Content

answer

According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream

question

Latent Content

answer

According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as distinct from its manifest content

question

Why we dream

answer

-To satisfy our wishes -To file away memories -To develop and preserve neural pathways -To make sense of neural static -To reflect cognitive development

question

Information Processing

answer

Dreams help us sort out the days events and consolidate our memories

question

Physiological function

answer

Regular brain stimulation from REM sleep may help develop and preserve neural pathways

question

Freuds wish fulfillment

answer

Dreams provide a "psychic safety value" - expressing otherwise unacceptable feelings; contain manifest (remembered content) and a deeper layer of latent content - a hidden meaning

question

REM rebound

answer

the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep)

question

psychoactive drugs

answer

psychoactive drugs are depressants, stimulants, and hallucinogens Examples: Alcohol, marijuana, cocaine

question

Hilgard believed that hypnosis involves a state of divided consciousness called ---- His beliefs have been challenged by researchers who suggest ---- influence is involved

answer

Hilgard believed that hypnosis involves a state of divided consciousness called DISSOCIATION His beliefs have been challenged by researchers who suggest SOCIAL influence is involved

question

Meth

answer

stimulant Effects: Euphoria, alertness, energy

question

Alcohol

answer

Depressant Effects: Initial hight, followed by relaxation and disinhibition

question

Heroin Depressant

answer

Rush of euphoria, relief from pain

question

Cocaine

answer

Stimulant Effects: rush of euphoria, confidence, energy

question

Low doses of alcohol enliven a drinker by acting as a

answer

disninhibior

question

Advocates of the social influence theory of hypnosis are likely to argue that

answer

hypnotized people are simply enacting the role of "good hypnotic subjects."

question

Compared with nonsmokers, smokers experience

answer

higher rates of depression and higher rates of divorce.

question

Which of the following drugs is most likely to produce a euphoric high and feelings of social intimacy?

answer

Ecstacy

question

Seconal

answer

Treats insomnia and also makes you feel sleepy before a surgery or a procedure. This medicine is a barbiturate.

question

Opiates- Opium and its derivatives: morphine and heroin

answer

Depress neural functioning Pupils constrict, breathing slows, and lethargy sets in as a blissful pleasure replaces pain and anxiety -Short term pleasure

question

Stimulants

answer

excites neural activity, and speeds up body functions Ex. Caffeine, nicotine, and the amphetamines Cocaine, meth, ecstacy

question

Coke

answer

In enters the bloodstream quickly, and and depletes the brains supply of the neurotransmitters: dopamine, serotonin, and norephrine -Within the hour, a crash of agitated depression follows as the drug's affects wear off

question

One version of neural activation theory best helps to explain why

answer

people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep.

question

To cure his insomnia, Mr. Ming takes a sleeping pill just before bedtime. Research suggests that this practice

answer

a. may actually make Mr. Ming's insomnia worse when it is discontinued

question

Kevin needs to remember what he learned in today's classes. His memory of the material is most likely to be facilitated by

answer

slow-wave sleep

question

The occurrence of REM rebound supports the notion tha

answer

humans, like most other mammals, need REM sleep

question

Regular users of ________ may achieve a high with smaller amounts of the drug than occasional users.

answer

weed

question

In contrast to alcohol, marijuana

answer

amplifies sensitivity to sound

question

Research indicates that alcohol

answer

disrupts the processing of recent experiences into long-term memories

question

Sequences of images notable for their hallucinatory quality are most likely to be associated with

answer

REM dreams

question

Which of the following is most likely to be associated with slow-wave sleep?

answer

bed wetting

question

Mice with ________ levels of ________ are especially likely to be attracted to alcohol.

answer

Low, NPY

question

Compared with ordinary cocaine, crack produces a ________ intense high followed by a ________ intense crash.

answer

more, more

question

People become unresponsive to hypnosis if told that those who are highly gullible are easily hypnotized. This fact is most consistent with the theory that hypnosis involves

answer

conscious role playing

question

NREM-1 sleep is likely to be associated with

answer

hypnagogic sensations.

question

The altered state of consciousness that is most similar to a drug-induced hallucination is

answer

the near death experience

question

During NREM-1 sleep, people may experience fantastic images that resemble

answer

Hallucinations

question

People who carry out a suggestion not to smell or react to a bottle of ammonia held under their noses are likely to be highly responsive to

answer

hypnotic induction

question

Sleepwalking typically occurs during

answer

NREM-3

question

As a participant in a sleep-research study for the past three nights, Tim has been repeatedly disturbed during REM sleep. Tonight, when allowed to sleep undisturbed, Tim will likely experience

answer

an increase in REM sleep

question

One version of neural activation theory best helps to explain why

answer

people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep

question

A sense of relaxation is most likely to be associated with

answer

hypnotic indiction

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