PSYCH 13 – Flashcard
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clinical psychology
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area of psychology that integrates science and theory to prevent and treat psychological disorders.
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psychotherapy
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nonmedical process that helps individuals with psychological disorders recognize and overcome their problems
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biological therapies
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(also called biomedical therapies) are treatments that reduce or eliminate the symptoms of psychological disorders by altering aspects of body functioning.
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sociocultural therapies
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view the individual as part of a system of relationships that are influenced by social and cultural factors.
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evidence-based practice
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integration of the best available research w/ clinical expertise in the context of client characteristice,culture, and pregerences
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theraputic alliance
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relationship btwn the therapist and client-an important element of successful psychotherapy
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psychodynamic therapies
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stress the importance of the unconscious mind, extensive interpretation by the therapist, and the role of early childhood experiences in the development of an individual's problems
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psychoanalysis
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Freud's therapeutic technique for analyzing an individual's unconscious thoughts
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free association
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encouraging individuals to say aloud whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing
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interpretation
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therapist searches for symbolic, hidden meanings in the individual's words and deeds.
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dream analysis
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psychoanalytic technique for interpreting a person's dreams
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transference
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psychoanalytic term for the client's relating to the analyst in ways that reproduce or relive important relationships in the client's life
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resistance
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psychoanalytic term for the client's unconscious defense strategies that prevent the analyst from understanding the person's problems
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humanistic therapies
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people are encouraged toward self-understanding and personal growth. Emphasis on the person's self-healing capacities
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Client-centered therapy
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(Rogerian therapy) form of humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist provides a warm, supportive atmosphere to improve the client's self-concept and to encourage the client to gain insight into problems
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reflective speech
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technique in which the therapist mirrors the client's own feelings back to the client
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Unconditional positive regard, empathy, genuineness
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Rogers believed that humans require 3 essentil elements to grow
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Behavior therapies
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principles of learning to reduce or eliminate maladaptive behavior
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systematic desensitization
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behavior therapy that treats anxiety by teaching the client to associate deep relaxation with increasingly intense anxiety-producing situations
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cognitive therapies
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emphasize that cognitions, or thoughts, are the main source of psychological problems, and they attempt to change the individual's feelings and behaviors by changing cognitions
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cognitive restructuring
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general concept for changing a pattern of thought that is presumed to be causing maladaptive behavior or emotion, is central to cognitive therapies
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cognitive-behavior therapy(CBT)
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combination of cognitive therapy, with its emphasis on reducing self-defeating thoughts, and behavior therapy, with its emphasis on changing behavior
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self-instructional methods
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cognitive-behavior techniques aimed at teaching individuals to modify their own behavior
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reinforcing self-statements
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client can repeat in order to take positive steps to cope with stress or meet a goal
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self-efficacy
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belief that one can master a situation and produce pos outcomes
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integrative therapy
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combination of techniques from different therapies based on the therapist's judgment of which particular methods will provide the greatest benefit for the client
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Antianxiety drugs
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commonly known as tranquilizers, drugs reduce anxiety by making individuals calmer and less excitable
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antidepressant drug
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regulate mood
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lithium
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used to treat bipolar disorder.
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antipsychotic drugs
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diminish agitated behavior, reduce tension, decrease hallucinations, improve social behavior, and produce better sleep patterns
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neuroleptics
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most extensively used class of antipsychotic drugs. Blocks dopamine in the brain
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electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
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shock therapy, is to set off a seizure in the brain, to sometimes treat depression
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psychosurgery
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biological intervention that involves the removal or destruction of brain tissue to improve the individual's adjustment
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group therapy
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sociocultural approach brings together individuals who share a psychological disorder in sessions that are typically led by a mental health professional
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information, universality, altruism, experience of pos family gp, development of social skills, interpersonal learning
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6 features that make group therapy an attractive format:
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Information
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Inds receive information about their problems from either the group leader or other group members.
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universality
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Many individuals develop the sense that no one else has frightening and unacceptable impulses
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altruism
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Group members support one another with advice and sympathy and learn that they have something to offer others
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experience of pos family gp
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therapy group often resembles a family (in family therapy, the group is a family), with the leaders representing parents and the other members siblings
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development of social skills
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Feedback from peers may correct flaws in the individual's interpersonal skills
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interpersonal learning
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group can serve as a training ground for practicing new behaviors and relationships
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family therapy
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group therapy among family members
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couples therapy
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group therapy involving married or unmarried couples whose major problem lies within their relationship
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validation, reframing, structural change, detriangulation
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In family therapy, 4 of the most widely used techniques are:
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validation
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therapist expresses an understanding and acceptance of each family member's feelings and beliefs and thus ___ the person
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refreming
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therapist helps families reframe problems as family problems, not an individual's problems
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structural change
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family therapist tries to restructure the coalitions in a family
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detriangualtion
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In some families, one member is the scapegoat for two other members who are in conflict but pretend not to be. Therapist tries to disentangle, or detriangulate, this situation by shifting attention away from the child to the conflict between the parents
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self-help support groups
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voluntary organizations of individuals who get together on a regular basis to discuss topics of common interest
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Myriad self-help gps
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gps for cocain abusers, dieters, victims of child abuse, and ppl w/ various mental conditions
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cross-cultural competence
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how skilled a therapist feels about being able to manage cultural issues that might arise in therapy and to how the client perceives the therapist's ability
