Question 1

_____ is credited with laying the foundation for the study of classical conditioning in psychology.

Accepted Answer

Pavlov

Question 2

In Pavlov\'s study, the UCS was _____; the neutral stimulus was _____; and, finally, the CS was _____.

Accepted Answer

meat; the bell; the bell

Question 3

Which pair below CORRECTLY identifies a stimulus or response in Watson and Rayner\'s \"Little Albert\" study?

Accepted Answer

Unconditioned stimulusânoise

Question 4

Which of the following scenarios exemplifies extinction?

Accepted Answer

Alexis is a former cocaine user. Now that she no longer uses cocaine, her hands no longer shake and her heart no longer pounds when she hears a car pull into her drive, like her dealer used to do in his car.

Question 5

In classical conditioning, how are the neutral stimulus and the conditioned response related?

Accepted Answer

The neutral stimulus becomes the conditioned stimulus.

Question 6

Nature is to nurture what _____ is to _____.

Accepted Answer

unconditioned response; conditioned response

Question 7

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies spontaneous recovery?

Accepted Answer

Alexis is a former cocaine user in recovery. After a relapse, though, her hands shake and her heart pounds when she hears a car pull into her drive, like her dealer used to do in his car.

Question 8

_____ refers to a decrease in the response to a stimulus when it is presented repeatedly, whereas _____ refers to the eventual disappearance of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented.

Accepted Answer

Habituation; extinction

Question 9

Janine completed several tours of duty in Afghanistan. She suffers from PTSD. Now, back home in Texas, she is frightened by firecrackers and cars backfiring. The fact that these sounds scare her reflects a process of stimulus:

Accepted Answer

generalization

Question 10

In what way does learned taste aversion seem to contradict the basic principles of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

Learned taste aversion can occur after only a single CS-UCR pairing.

Question 11

Kenny ate several hot dogs at the baseball game. Several hours later he got very nauseous and spent most of the night being physically sick. We can expect that he will

Accepted Answer

be unable to eat a hot dog at the next ball game he attends.

Question 12

In classical conditioning situations, the ____________ connection is innate, while the ____________ connection is learned.

Accepted Answer

UCS-UCR; CS-CR

Question 13

Pavlov\'s dog learned to anticipate food whenever he was presented with stimuli associated with food. Pavlov knew that his dog associated specific stimuli with food because the ____________ was elicited by the stimuli.

Accepted Answer

CR

Question 14

As Natalie, who has extremely long nails, approaches the chalkboard, many of her classmates cover their ears. What represents the conditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

Natalie approaching the board

Question 15

It should take about 30 minutes for the aspirin Manny just took to relieve his headache, but Manny feels better within minutes. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

the placebo effect

Question 16

Jennifer was stung by a bee several days ago. Now she cries out whenever any flying insect comes too close. Jennifer is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

generalization

Question 17

Boris is trying to use classical conditioning to teach his goldfish to come to the top of the tank to eat whenever he turns on the aquarium light. He drops food into the tank and then turns on the light. After several such trials, the fish show no more inclination to come to the top of the tank when the light is turned on than they did on the first trial. What would you suggest that Boris do to improve his training technique?

Accepted Answer

He should turn on the light before he drops the food into the tank.

Question 18

Watson and Raynor conditioned fear in Little Albert using a ____________ as a CS.

Accepted Answer

white rat

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of an innate UCS-UCR connection?

Accepted Answer

sneezing in response to pepper

Question 20

In a particular TV add, an attractive model is shown with a red Corvette. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The ad will work best if the Corvette precedes the appearance of the attractive person.

Question 21

Which of the following sequences CORRECTLY arranges the phases of the classical conditioning process, from first to last?

Accepted Answer

Acquisition â extinction â spontaneous recovery

Question 22

_____ stimulus is a stimulus that does not naturally bring about the response of interest.

Accepted Answer

neutral

Question 23

Classical conditioning is most successful when the neutral stimulus begins:

Accepted Answer

just before the unconditioned stimulus begins.

Question 24

Which of the following terms best expresses the relationship between stimulus generalization and stimulus discrimination?

Accepted Answer

They are opposites

Question 25

Learning reflects _____. Maturation reflects _____.

Accepted Answer

nurture; nature

Question 26

In ________ conditioning, organisms learn the association between two stimuli.

Accepted Answer

classical

Question 27

Some children with seizure problems bang their heads against a wall, causing themselves serious injury. As a result, a psychologist might administer a brief electric shock to such a child every time she bangs her head on the wall. This would be an example of

Accepted Answer

aversive conditioning

Question 28

John is taking an agent that causes nausea every time he smokes a cigarette. This is a form of

Accepted Answer

aversive conditioning

Question 29

Pavlov\'s dog salivated each time food was presented. Salivation in this situation was the

Accepted Answer

unconditioned response

Question 30

During the winter months, Alfred receives a static shock each time he touches his car door when exiting his vehicle. Now Alfred flinches right before he touches the door. What represents the conditioned response?

Accepted Answer

Flinching before touching the door

Question 31

Which of the following behaviors indicate learning?

Accepted Answer

Simon whines whenever he wants something.

Question 32

Little Julie is watching Dora the Explorer help her mother clean up the kitchen after dinner. After the show, she walks into the kitchen to help her mommy clean up. Little Julie is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

observational learning

Question 33

Which of the following is true of stimulus generalization?

Accepted Answer

The greater the similarity between two stimuli, the greater the likelihood of stimulus generalization.

Question 34

Stimulus _____ provides the ability to differentiate between stimuli.

Accepted Answer

discrimination

Question 35

June\'s cat runs to the kitchen at the sound of the electric can opener, which she has learned is used to open her food when her dinner is about to be served. The cat does not run when a blender is used, although it sounds similar. June\'s cat is demonstrating stimulus:

Accepted Answer

discrimination

Question 36

Which of the following statements about classical conditioning is accurate?

Accepted Answer

It is a form of respondent behavior

Question 37

Dr. Meyer is known for his difficult pop quizzes. Immediately before he springs a pop quiz on his students, he typically goes to the classroom door and closes it. Students soon learn to anticipate a pop quiz whenever Dr. Meyer closes the classroom door. Closing the door has become a(n)

Accepted Answer

CS

Question 38

_____ occurs when a previously conditioned response decreases in frequency and eventually disappears.

Accepted Answer

Extinction

Question 39

_____ stimulus is a stimulus that naturally brings about a particular response without having been learned.

Accepted Answer

Unconditioned

Question 40

In Pavlov\'s well-known study on classical conditioning, the bell was the ____________ before conditioning and the ____________ after conditioning had occurred.

Accepted Answer

neutral stimulus; conditioned stimulus

Question 41

Any situation that involves learning

Accepted Answer

requires some relatively permanent change to occur.

Question 42

_____ is the decrease in response to a stimulus that occurs after repeated presentations of the same stimulus.

Accepted Answer

Habituation

Question 43

Marcia was romantically involved with John. Unfortunately, Marcia eventually discovered that John was being a complete jerk, so she ended the relationship. One day in the mall, she suddenly gets a whiff of the cologne that John always wore. All the former good feelings come pouring back. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

spontaneous recovery

Question 44

Typically long pauses in responding are found in _____ schedules.

Accepted Answer

variable-ratio

PSYCH 105 Ch. 6 Part 1 (Classical Conditioning) – Flashcards

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