question

what is cortical blindness

answer

brain damage in primary visual cortex

question

what is high awareness

answer

mindfulness

question

what is the cost of low awareness

answer

influenced by subtle factors

question

what is the benefit of high awareness

answer

can overcome some biases

question

(t/f) during sleep your brain rests

answer

false

question

(t/f) snoring isn't harmful as long as it doesn't disturb others or wake you up

answer

false

question

(t/f) everyone dreams every night

answer

false

question

(t/f) opening a car window or turning the radio up will keep a drowsy driver awake

answer

false

question

(t/f) the body has a natural ability to adjust to different sleep schedules such as working different sleeps or traveling through multiple time zones quicky

answer

false

question

(t/f) sleeping longer on weekends is recommended as regular practice to makeup for loss of sleep during the work week

answer

false

question

(t/f) the older you get (as in old age) the fewer hours of sleep you need

answer

false

question

(t/f) drinking alcohol affects the amount of dream sleep you get that night

answer

true

question

(t/f) episodes of sleepwalking tend to occur in the first third of the night during slow wave sleep

answer

true

question

(t/f) dream sleep (REM) occurs more in the second half of the night

answer

true

question

what type of wave is associated with stage 3?

answer

delta wave

question

how many stages of REM sleep do we have throughout the night?

answer

4-5

question

how many hours of sleep should we (adults) get each night?

answer

8 hours

question

mary has difficulty getting restful sleep, what diagnosis might she have?

answer

insomnia

question

what is true about depressants

answer

-increase GABA -reduce symptoms of anxiety -decreases the activity of glutamate

question

what is an opiate

answer

oxycontin

question

what can adderall be used to treat

answer

narcolepsy

question

_______ is a condition in which a person has difficulty breathing while sleeping.

answer

sleep apnea

question

Your psychology professor calls on you during class. The first thought that goes through your mind is, "Why me?" This thought could be characterized as:

answer

consciousness

question

Although you may think that if you pay close attention to a bright spot, you must be aware of it. But that is not always correct. In the phenomenon, ___________ , a bright disc completely vanish from your awareness in full attention.

answer

motion induced blindness

question

In this stage of sleep, the individual is just entering sleep and the EEG closely resembles that of a person who is awake.

answer

stage 1 nrem

question

research suggest that sleep functions include

answer

Physical and brain development, improved performance, strengthening memories

question

The "Information Integration Theory of Consciousness" is different from the Global Neuronal Workspace Theory of Consciousness" in what way?

answer

They do NOT differ; they are two names for the same theory

question

Drinking alcohol before going to sleep at night can lead to:

answer

Falling asleep earlier than usual, and then waking up more frequently later in the night

question

Sleepers are least responsive to outside stimulation during stage _______ sleep.

answer

stage 4

question

The outer ear helps humans primarily to detect:

answer

source of sound

question

The difference between the image of a scene received by the right eye and that received by the left eye can serve as a depth cue termed binocular ____________.

answer

disparity

question

the receptor cells for hearing are located in the

answer

cochela

question

The Muller-Lyer illusion describes a case where a:

answer

Line with arrow tips pointed inward appears to be longer than one with arrow tips pointed outward

question

Perceptual constancy refers to:

answer

Our perception of object remain the same despite the fact that sensory information changes.

question

When you are at a coffee shop and hear the clink of dishes, the pattern of conversation, and the rush of traffic outside, this is an example of

answer

Auditory scene analysis

question

About 1 in 200 people experiences a blending of senses such as perceiving a number or letter as a color. This is called:

answer

synesthesia

question

If two sounds vary in frequency they are perceived as differing in:

answer

pitch

question

When you move your head in one direction, your eyes reflexively move in the opposite direction to compensate, allowing you to maintain your gaze on the object that you are looking at. This reflex is called the:

answer

Vestibule-ocular reflex

question

The ________ is important in that it functions to collect and amplify sound.

answer

outer ear

question

The structure of the ear that traduces sound vibrations into nerve impulses is the:

answer

Cochlea

question

After having your picture taken with a yellow flash, you momentarily see blue spots before your eyes. This phenomenon is best explained by:

answer

Opponent-process theory

question

Being able to detect the difference between two brands of Riesling wine is an example of ____________.

answer

difference threshold

question

rods are related to vision in _____ situations

answer

dimly lit

question

the smallest intensity at which you are able to detect a stimulus refers to the ____ threshold

answer

absolute

question

__________ is the activation of the sense organs by a source of physical energy.

answer

sensation

question

morphine and heroin are examples of...

answer

narcotics

question

Stimulants are drugs that:

answer

Have an arousal effect on the central nervous system, causing a rise in heart rate, blood pressure, and muscular tension

question

___________ drugs are drugs that influence a person's emotions, perceptions, and behavior.

answer

psychoactive

question

Agonists generally _______ activity at the synapse, while antagonists generally ________ activity at the synapse.

answer

Increase; decrease

question

which drug is correctly matched with its classification?

answer

caffeine - stimulant

question

most common hallucinogen:

answer

marijuana

question

A friend recently began taking a new medication and has since become extremely agitated, while at the same time having little appetite or interest in sex. You might suspect that the medication contains:

answer

amphetamines

question

Cocaine appears to produce its pleasurable effects by acting on the brain's level of:

answer

dopamine

question

LSD, PCP, and marijuana are considered to be what form of psychoactive substance?

answer

hallucinogen

question

Tonya has taken medication the her doctor prescribed. This medication blocks neurotransmitters form binding to a postsynaptic receptor, leaving an abundance of neurotransmitters in the tiny space between the two neurons, also called the ________.

answer

synapse

question

The action of which neurotransmitter is thought to be addicted by Ecstasy use?

answer

serotonin

question

common depressant is

answer

alc

question

Refers to the stimulation of sense organs; systems extract information from the environment that we need to function and survive; detect stimuli through specializes sense receptors =

answer

sensation

question

Refers to the selection, organization and interpretation of sensory information; includes the location and nature of a stimulus; knowing what you saw =

answer

Perception:

question

outside source that triggers sense organs

answer

stimulus

question

Curved transparent, protective layer of the eye where light enter; protects and reflects

answer

Cornea:

question

Opening in the middle of the iris; black part varies in size depending on light available; range of distance object can be in focus

answer

Pupil:

question

Helps pupil dilate and contract; colored ring of muscle

answer

Iris:

question

Bends the light rays to focus on retina; things out the light rays; flat = distant objects, rounder = closer objects

answer

Lens:

question

Converted to electrical impulses to send to the brain, called photo activation, contains photoreceptors

answer

Retina:

question

Rods, Cones, Fovea, and Blindspot

answer

Photoreceptors:

question

Sensitive to light NOT color; periphery, functions well in low illumination

answer

Rods:

question

Color and a little light sensitive; focus (helps with details); distinguish between different colors; work well under high illumination

answer

Cones:

question

Area of retina filled with cones; no rods; where the optic nerve leaves the retina

answer

Fovea:

question

No receptors in blind spot; light images that fall in this part of the eye cannot be seen

answer

Blind Spot:

question

Produce lateral inhibition signals; responsible for receiving contrast; depth perception

answer

Bipolar cells:

question

Ventral pathway:

answer

"what" pathway; recognition

question

Dorsal pathway:

answer

"where and how" pathway; self and object motion

question

Two pairs of basic colors work in opposite to each other; blue and yellow; red and green; and black and white which codes light contrast (color blindness)

answer

Opponent-process theory of color vision:

question

the ability to view the world in three dimensions and to perceive distance; largely due to having two eyes (although some cues use only one eye)

answer

Depth perception:

question

Detects direction of a sounds; includes: pima and ear canal

answer

Outer Ear:

question

tympanic membrane, vibrates in response to a sound

answer

Eardrum:

question

Amplifies sounds; includes: hammer, anvil, and stirrup

answer

Middle Ear:

question

Location of receptor cells; includes the cochlea and basilar membrane (covered with hair cells)

answer

Inner Ear:

question

What causes the sound waves to be converted into neural activity?

answer

The movement of the fluid within the cochlea deforms the hair cells of the basilar membrane

question

Process through multiple stages of analysis before reaching the auditory cortex

answer

Frequency analysis:

question

Range of sound intensity: 20hz - 20Hz

answer

Audibility:

question

Orienting to sound sources; inter aural difference

answer

Spatial hearing:

question

___ theory = Awareness requires the sharing of information among the prefrontal, inferior parietal, and occipital regions of the cerebral cortex

answer

Global neuronal workspace theory:

question

___ memory = Free recall or episodic recollection; requires neural connections between cortical regions and hippocampus (memory center); is affected in amnesia

answer

Conscious memory:

question

___ memory = Not affected in amnesia patients

answer

Non-conscious memory:

question

Stage ___ = Brief transitional stage of light sleep; theta EEG waves are prominent; rapid, low amplitude brain waves

answer

Stage 1 (NREM):

question

stage ____ = Sleep spindles with mixed EEG activity; breathing, respiration, muscle tones, body temperature, and heart rate decline; slower, more regular wave pattern

answer

Stage 2 (NREM):

question

stage ___ = Low frequency delta waves are prominent; reach slow-wave sleep in an hour and after 30 minutes begin to move back up through the stages of sleep; very difficult to wake someone in slow-wave sleep; higher peaks and lower valleys of waves

answer

Stage 3 (NREM):

question

stage ____ = When you reach what should be stage 1 you go into REM (dreaming); activity in the brain is highest during REM

answer

REM:

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