psych 101 – exam 1 – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
animal and human behaviors originate from all of the following except for.... -social modeling and observation -inheritance of genetically determined reflexes or fixed action patterns -operant, instrumental or skinnerian conditioning -classical or pavlovian conditioning
answer
inheritance of genetically determined reflexes or fixed action patterns
question
negative correlation between degree of wealth and likelihood of suffering from a psychological disorder would indicate that...
answer
people who are poor are more likely to have a psychological disorder than wealthy people
question
a picture of a dog is briefly flashed in the left visual field of a split-brain patient. At the same time a picture of a boy is flashed in the right visual field. In identifying what she saw, the patient would be most likely to...
answer
verbally report that she saw a boy
question
A slap on the back is more painful than a pat on the back because a slap triggers...
answer
more neurons to fire and to fire more often
question
adolescence extends from...
answer
the beginnings of sexual maturity to independent adulthood
question
After noting that a majority of professional basketball players are African-American, Ervin concluded that African-Americans are better athletes than members of other racial groups. Ervin's conclusion best illustrates the danger of...
answer
generalizing from vivid cases
question
An African butterfly that is green in the summer turns brown in the fall thanks to a temperature-controlled genetic switch. This best illustrates that genes are...
answer
self-regulating
question
An extensive survey revealed that children with relatively high self-esteem tend to picture God as kind and loving, whereas those with lower self-esteem tend to perceive God as angry. The researchers concluded that the children's self-esteem had apparently influenced their views of God. This conclusion best illustrates the danger of...
answer
assuming that association proves causation
question
As people progress into late adulthood, they increasingly use words that convey --- emotions, and the amygdala shows diminishing activity in response to --- events.
answer
positive; negative
question
At about 8 months of age, people across the world start to --- strangers; as adults, they prefer the company of those whose attributes are --- to their own.
answer
fear; similar
question
At age 12, Sean is happy, self-reliant, and has a positive self-image. It is most likely that Sean's parents are...
answer
authoritative
question
At the age of 22, Mrs. LaBlanc was less than 4 feet tall. her short stature was probably influenced by the lack of growth hormone produced by the...
answer
pituitary gland
question
Chloe can clearly see when her sister's teasing is intended to be friendly dun or a hostile put-down. This best illustrates that Chloe has developed a(n)...
answer
theory of mind
question
Contemporary psychology is best defined as the science of...
answer
behavior and mental processes
question
Cross-cultural research on human development indicates that...
answer
person-to-person difference within cultural groups are larger than differences between groups
question
Degeneration of the myelin sheath results in...
answer
multiple sclerosis
question
Depending on environmental conditions, specific genes can be either...
answer
active or inactive
question
Dr. Lipka focuses on ways to improve employee job satisfaction and productivity. Dr. Lipka is most likely a(n) --- psychologist
answer
industrial-organizational
question
Dr. Mills conducts research on why individuals conform to the behaviors and opinions of others. which specialty area does his research best represent?
answer
social psychology
question
During a laboratory game, those given a nasal squirt of --- rather than a placebo were more likely to trust strangers with their money
answer
oxytocin
question
During open brain surgery, Adam's left ankle twitched whenever the surgeon electrically stimulated a specific area within Adam's...
answer
right frontal lobe
question
Erikson suggested that the adolescent search for identity is followed by a developing capacity for...
answer
intimacy
question
Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to predict that... -more people are biologically predisposed to fear guns than to fear snakes. -children are more likely to be safely cared for by their biological fathers than by their stepfathers. -people are the most romantically attracted to those who are the most genetically dissimilar to themselves. -genetic predispositions have little effect on our social relationships.
answer
children are more likely to be safely cared for bu their biological rather than by their stepfathers
question
Females who have experienced stress related to father absence, sexual abuse, or insecure attachment experience --- a few months earlier than average
answer
menarche
question
For children from impoverished environments, stimulating educational experience during early childhood are more likely to...
answer
prevent the degeneration of activated connections between neurons
question
Governor Donovan was greeted by large, enthusiastic crowds at all of his political rallies. As a result, he became overconfident about his chances of re-election. In this instance, the governor needs to be alerted to the value of...
answer
random sampling
question
Horace, the youngest child of a high school athletic director, was able to roll over at 3 months, crawl at 6 months, and walk at 12 months. This ordered sequence of motor development was largely due to...
answer
maturation
question
If participants in the experimental group of a drug treatment study are much younger than participants in the control group, the age of the research participants is a(n)...
answer
confounding variable
question
In a British study following more than 7000 people from birth to adulthood, those individuals whose fathers were most involved in parenting tended to demonstrate greater...
answer
academic achievement
question
In a tragic accident, Andrew damaged his spinal cord. As a result, his legs were paralyzed. Andrew's injury was located in his...
answer
central nervous system
question
In considering gender differences, you should remember that...
answer
gender similarities are much greater than gender differences
question
In late adulthood, Mr. Klondike has become increasingly likely to make a socially impolite remarks about other people's appearance or mannerisms. His blunt comments are most likely to indicate late life atrophy of the --- lobes.
answer
frontal
question
Jason and Alex are biologically unrelated adolescents who were adopted as infants and raised together in the same home. For which of the following are Jason and Alex least likely to resemble each other any more than they resemble a genetically unrelated adolescent from another home in their neighborhood?
answer
extraversion
question
Joséhas just played a long, bruising football game but feels little fatigue or discomfort. His lack of pain is most likely caused by the release of...
answer
endorphins
question
Many people would find it more morally repulsive to kill someone by thrusting a knife into his or her body than by shooting him or her with a gun from a distance. This is best explained in terms of...
answer
Haidt's intuitionist perspective
question
Megan was certain that she would never live far away from her family. However, when offered a better job in another state, she decided to move. Megan's experience best illustrates...
answer
overconfidence
question
Men and women are most likely to differ in their...
answer
physical aggressiveness
question
Migraines are most closely linked with an...
answer
oversupply of glutamate
question
Mr. Eskenazi frowns when his son cries but hugs his daughter when she cries. Which of the following most clearly highlights Mr. Eskenazi's gender typing of his children?
answer
social learning theory
question
Mr. Hersch triggered a rooting reflex in his infant son by touching him on the...
answer
cheek
question
On which of the following tasks is a 20-year-old most likely to outperform a 70-year-old? -recognizing previously presented names of fruits and vegetables -recalling previously presented names of cities -recognizing previously presented foreign language words -recalling previously presented nonsense syllables
answer
recalling previously presented nonsense syllables
question
One of the most consistently damaging teratogens is...
answer
alcohol
question
People have always responded so positively to Alyssa's good looks that she has developed a socially confident and outgoing personality. This best illustrates the interaction of...
answer
nature and nurture
question
People typically experience an increasing sense of confidence and self-esteem...
answer
from the teens to midlife
question
persistent exclusion fro peer social relationships is most likely to increase teen's risk for...
answer
depression
question
Physical exercise and exposure to stimulating environments are most likely to promote...
answer
neurogenesis
question
Premature infants who are regularly touched and massaged are more likely than their unstimulated counterparts to show signs of...
answer
rapid weight gain
question
Primary sex characteristics are to --- as secondary sex characteristics are to...
answer
female ovaries; deepened male voice
question
Professor Ambra was skeptical about the accuracy of recently reported research on sleep deprivation. Which process would best enable her to assess the reliability of these findings?
answer
replication
question
Providing children with a safe haven in times of stress contributes most directly to...
answer
secure attachment
question
Psychologists study animals because...
answer
similar processes often underlie animal and human behavior
question
Putting babies to sleep on their backs to reduce the risk of crib death has been associated with a slight delay in children's...
answer
crawling
question
Researchers studied the effects of exercise on the physical health of over 5000 residents in one locale throughout their middle and late adulthood. The research best illustrates a --- study.
answer
longitudinal
question
Rodesia insists that Dr. Phillip's theory of aggression be checked against observable evidence. She is demonstrating the scientific attitude of...
answer
skepticism
question
Several organisms from a strain of bacteria infecting patients in a hospital setting inherited a mutation that increased their resistance to the hospitals' antibacterial drugs. Over time, the drug-resistant bacteria increasingly outnumbered the bacteria without the mutation. This best illustrates...
answer
natural selection
question
Six-year-old Ashley effectively restrained herself from touching a burning candle by inaudibly whispering the word "hot." The advantage of her verbal self-control tactic was most clearly highlighted by...
answer
Lev Vygotsky
question
Surveys indicate that people are less likely to support "welfare" than "aid to the needy." These somewhat paradoxical survey results best illustrate the importance of...
answer
wording effects
question
The belief that boys are more independent than girls is a...
answer
gender schema
question
The benefits of brain plasticity are most clearly demonstrated in...
answer
children who have had a cerebral hemisphere surgically removed
question
The fact that many happy and well-adjusted adults were once rebellious and unhappy as adolescents is most relevant to the issue of...
answer
stability and change
question
The first time that 10-year-old Sarah saw her older brother play a flute, she thought it was simply a large whistle. Sarah's initial understanding of the flute best illustrates the process of...
answer
assimilation
question
The scientific attitude of humility is most likely to be undermined by...
answer
hindsight bias
question
The sequence of brain regions from the evolutionarly oldest to newest is...
answer
brainstem, limbic system, cerebral cortex
question
The sex chromosome found in both men and women is called the --- chromosome.
answer
X
question
The surgical removal of a large tumor from Dane's occipital lobe resulted in extensive loss of brain tissue. Dane is most likely to suffer some loss of...
answer
visiual perception
question
To assess the influence of self-esteem on interpersonal attraction, researchers either insulted or complimented students about their physical appearance just before they went on a blind date. In this research, the dependent variable was...
answer
interpersonal attraction
question
To compare the pace of life in different countries, investigators measured the speed with which postal clerks completed a simple request. Which research method did this illustrate?
answer
naturalistic observation
question
To demonstrate that brain stimulation can make a rat violently aggressive, a neuroscientist should electrically stimulate the rat's...
answer
amygdala
question
Twin studies suggest that Alzheimer's disease is influenced by...
answer
heredity
question
When teased by his older sister, 9-year-old Vijay does not cry because he has learned that boys are not expected to. Vijay's behavior best illustrates the importance of...
answer
gender roles
question
When you question whether anecdotal evidence can be generalized to all people, you are applying...
answer
critical thinking
question
Which of the following body parts is associated with the greatest amount of brain tissue in the sensory cortex? -knees -neck -lips -toes
answer
lips
question
Which region of your brainstem plays a role in arousing you to a state of alertness when someone nearby mentions your name?
answer
reticular formation
question
With repeated presentations of a bright red toy, 2-month-old Anita began to respond with less visual attention to the toy. Her decreasing responsiveness best illustrates...
answer
habituation
question
Women are more likely than men to...
answer
tend and befriend as a way to cope with stress
