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classic philosophy and 19th century philosophy and physiology, disciplines that shared an interest in the mysteries of the mind.

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Psychology's intellectual parents were ________

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when Wilhem Wundt established the first psychological research laboratory in 1879 in Leipzig, Germany. He defined psychology as the scientific study of consciousness.

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Psychology became an independent discipline

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as illustrated by G.Stanley Hall's career

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The new discipline grew rapidly in North America in the late 19th c, ___________

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established America's first research lab ; founded the American Psychological Association (APA)

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G.Stanley Hall

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led by Edward Titchener, believed that psychology should use introspection to analyze consciousness into its basic elements.

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The structuralists,______________

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inspired by the ideas of William James, believed that psychology should focus on the purpose and adaptive functions of consciousness Functionalism paved the way for behaviourism and applied psychology.

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The functionalists, _________________

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led by John B Watson, argued that psychology should study only observable behaviour. Thus, they campaigned to redefine psychology as the science of behaviour

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Behaviourists, _______________

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- Greek words "psyche (soul)" + "logos (study of a subject)"

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Psychology

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- any overt (observable) response or activity by an organism

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Behaviour

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- any detectable input from the environment

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A stimulus

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- Frued

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Psychoanalysis

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- key word "unconscious"

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Freud

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- contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on behaviour

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Freud's "unconscious"

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attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behaviour

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Freud's psychoanalytic theory

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humanism

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Which school of psychology emphasizes the unique qualities of individual people, and suggests that we have a drive for personal growth?

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understanding the purpose of behaviour

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Which of the following reflects the main focus of the school of psychology known as functionalism?

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how children develop language how we remember things how people reason to solve problems

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Which of the following would likely be studied by a cognitive psychologist?

question

behaviourism

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Which school of psychology suggests psychologists should study ONLY what can be objectively observed?

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white men

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Which of the following groups has traditionally been overrepresented in psychological research?

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behaviour modification

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If you reward yourself for achieving study goals, which of the following concepts are you applying?

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Wilhelm Wundt

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Which of the following theorists is most closely associated with the notion that the subject matter of psychology should be the scientific study of conscious experience?

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B.F. Skinner

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Which of the following theorists stated that people do not have free will, because behaviour is fully controlled by external stimuli?

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They consistently apply the scientific method.

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Which of the following approaches do researchers in psychology take to address the fact that our experiences of the world are highly subjective?

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remember locations

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Based on an evolutionary analysis of spatial skills, which of the following do you predict a woman will be able to do better than a man?

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evolutionary psychology

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Which of the following "newer" areas of psychology is MOST similar to the "older" school of thought known as functionalism?

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Sigmund Freud

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Which of the following theorists is most closely associated with the concept that unconscious motivations influence our overt behaviour?

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clinician

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During World War II, many academic psychologists were needed to serve other roles. Which of the following roles was most likely for a psychologist at that time?

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Based on the notion that the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how these elements are related

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Structuralism

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The careful, systematic self observation of ones own conscious experience

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Introspection

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Based on the belief that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of consciousness rather than its structure

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Functionalism

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Heritable characteristics that provide a survival or reproductive advantages are more likely than alternative characteristics to be passed on to subsequent generations and thus come to be 'Selected' over time

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Natural Selection

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is a theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behaviour

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Behaviorism

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refers to any overt or observable response or activity by an organism

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Behaviour

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Any detectable input from the environment

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Stimulus

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contains thoughts, memories and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on behaviour

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Unconscious

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is a theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth

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Humanism

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the branch of psychology concerned with everyday, practical problems

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Applied Psychology

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the branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders

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Clinical psychology

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the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge

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Cognition

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examines behavioural process in terms of their adaptive value for members of a species over the course of many generations

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Evolutionary Psychology

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uses theory and research to better understand the positive, adaptive, creative and fulfilling aspects of human existence

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Positive Psychology

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Is the science that studies behaviour and the physiological and cognitive processes that underlie it, and it is the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this science to practical problems

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Psychology

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is the premise that knowledge should be acquired through observation.

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Empiricism

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is a branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders.

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Psychiatry

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a study system designed to promote effective readying which includes five steps: survey, question, read, recite, and review

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SQ3R

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is the ability to use the characteristics and format of a cognitive test to maximize ones score.

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Testwisness

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is the use of cognitive skills and strategies that increase the probability of Desirable outcome

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Critical Thinking

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means scientists draw conclusions based on documented observations.

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Empiricism

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is to better understand the adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of life.

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The goal of positive psychology

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is that these views are dehumanizing.

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One of the main criticisms raised concerning both behaviourism and psychoanalytic theory

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psychology's primary focus should be the scientific study of mental processes.

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According to Wilhelm Wundt,

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students who have below average or average reading skills.

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The SQ3R method tends to be most beneficial for

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John B Watson Ivan Pavlov B.F.Skinner

answer

Behavioural psych

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Sigmund Freud Carl Jung Alfred Adler

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Psychoanalytic

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Carl Rogers Abraham Maslow

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Humanistic

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Jean Piaget Noam Chomsky Herbert Simon

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Cognitive

question

James Olds Roger Sperry David Hubel Torsten Wiesel

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Biological

question

David Buss Martin Daly Margo Wilson Leda Cosmides John Tooby

answer

Evolutionary

question

uses theory and research to better understand the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence.

answer

Positive psychology

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Looks at human development across the life span. focus on child development but today devotes to adulthood and old age

answer

Developmental psychology

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Focuses on interpersonal behaviour and the role of social forces. attitude formation, change, conformity, attraction,aggression etc.

answer

Social psychology

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studies how ppl learn and the best ways to teach them

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Educational psychology

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psychological factors relate to the promotion of physical health

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Health psych

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influence of genetic factors on behaviour

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physiological psych

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focuses on sensation, perception, learning, conditioning, motivation and emotion

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experimental psych

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higher mental processes, memory, reasoning etc

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Cognitive psych

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measurement of behaviour and capacities

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psychometrics

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individuals' consistency in behaviour

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personality

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evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment of individuals with psychological disorders. Principal ACTIVITIES include interviewing clients, psychological testing, and providing group or individual psychotherapy

answer

clinical psychology

question

Overlaps with clinical psychology, interviewing, testing and providing therapy but counselling psychologists usually work with a somewhat different clientele, who struggle with everyday problems. Specialized in family, marriage or career

answer

Counselling psychology

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work to improve curriculum design, achievement testing, teacher training

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Educational and school psychology

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Perform a wide variety of tasks in the world of business and industry running HR, staff morale ; attitudes, etc.

answer

Industrial and organizational psychology

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refers to the widely shared customs, beliefs, values, norms, institutions, and other products of a community that are transmitted socially across generations

answer

culture

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