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1. At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. These have been replaced with psychiatric hospitals in which attempts were made to diagnose and cure those with psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of:

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c. the medical model.

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2. People around the world may experience the same genetically based disorder quite differently depending on their own personal expectations and the definitions of abnormality common to their unique culture. This best illustrates the need for:

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d. a biopsychosocial approach.

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3. A current authoritative scheme for classifying psychological disorders is known as the:

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c. DSM-IV.

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4. Lenore is unexplainably and continually tense and is plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Lenore most likely suffers from a(n):

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d. generalized anxiety disorder.

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5. The avoidance of situations in which help may not be available when panic strikes is most characteristic of:

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d. agoraphobia.

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6. Years after he barely survived a terrorist attack that killed his wife and two children, Mr. Puskari suffers recurring flashbacks and frequent nightmares of the event that render him incapable of holding a steady job. Mr. Puskari is most clearly showing signs of:

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c. post-traumatic stress disorder.

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7. Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when approaching any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear results from a traumatic boat accident she experienced as a child. The therapist's suggestion reflects a ________ perspective.

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c. learning

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8. A sudden loss of memory is one of the symptoms of a(n):

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b. dissociative disorder.

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9. Elaine feels that her life is empty, has lost all interest in her career and hobbies, and wonders if she would be better off dead. She is most likely suffering from:

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c. a mood disorder.

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10. An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is most likely to be associated with:

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a. a manic episode.

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11. Mr. James believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his life savings. Mr. James is most clearly suffering from:

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c. delusions.

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12. Catatonia is characterized by:

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a. periods of immobility or excessive, purposeless movement.

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13. Therapeutic drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to reduce:

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a. hallucinations.

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14. The relationship between the season of the year in which people are born and their subsequent risk of schizophrenia best highlights the role of ________ in this disorder.

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b. viral infections

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15. Kyle is extremely manipulative and can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to any suffering they might experience as a result of his actions. His behavior best illustrates:

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d. an antisocial personality disorder.

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Brian often interrupts his teacher while she is speaking and frequently forgets to complete his homework assignments. He also has difficulty taking turns in playground games with classmates. Brian most clearly exhibits symptoms of:

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d. ADHD.

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An integrated understanding of psychological disorders in terms of stressful memories, evolutionary processes, and gender roles is most clearly provided by:

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b. a biopsychosocial approach.

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After participants in one study were informed that a videotaped interviewee was a psychiatric patient, they characterized the person with phrases such as "a passive type" and "frightened of his own impulses." This study best illustrated the

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c. biasing power of diagnostic labels.

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Symptoms that may be misperceived as a heart attack are most characteristic of:

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b. panic disorder.

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Although Mark realizes that his behavior is unreasonable, he is so alarmed by high bridges or expressway overpasses that he avoids them by taking an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Mark appears to suffer from a(n):

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c. phobia.

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Without success, Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress intrusive thoughts that she might have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is most symptomatic of:

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b. an obsessive-compulsive disorder.

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Mr. Hoffman has always been cautious with his money, but over the past two weeks he has developed grandiose plans to bet his entire life savings on a single horse race. With unrestrained exuberance he has also been giving everybody he sees unsolicited advice on how to make millions in the stock market. Mr. Hoffman's behavior is most indicative of:

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c. mania.

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The suggestion that dissociative identity disorders are created as defenses against the anxiety caused by one's own unacceptable impulses best illustrates the:

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a. psychoanalytic perspective.

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A dysthymic disorder is most likely to be characterized by:

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d. a persistently sad mood and low energy level.

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The social-cognitive perspective has linked the experience of depression to:

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a. learned helplessness.

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Amanda's therapist suggests that her depression results from mistakenly blaming herself rather than a slumping economy for her recent job loss. Her therapist's suggestion best illustrates a:

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d. social-cognitive perspective.

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An effective way to break the vicious cycle of depression is to explain stressful events in terms that are:

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c. specific and temporary.

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Mrs. Higgins believes that aliens from another planet have removed her stomach and are watching her to see how long it takes her to grow another one. Mrs. Higgins is most likely suffering from:

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c. schizophrenia.

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Michael complains that threatening voices are constantly telling him that he is so evil that he should drown himself. Michael is experiencing:

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d. hallucinations.

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Which of the following best illustrates a negative symptom of schizophrenia?:

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c. social withdrawal

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